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Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Stray Cats of İzmir

Year 2021, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 6 - 11, 11.06.2021

Abstract

Gastrointestinal parasites of cats can affect animal health and welfare, as well as human health because of some zoonotic parasites including Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium spp., Isospora spp., Blastocystis sp., and Toxocara spp. Therefore, it is fairly important to investigate the presence of gastrointestinal parasites in stray cats in order to reveal the frequency of parasite diseases and to prevent the spread of parasitic diseases. A total of 465 feces samples were collected from Veterinary Clinics located in 5 different districts of İzmir. For microscopic examination, all feces samples were processed by centrifugation-sucrose flotation. Cryptosporidium spp. suspected feces samples were stained by Kinyoun acid-fast staining. As a result, 73 of 465 (15.6%) cats were found to be infected with at least one of the following parasites; Blastocystis sp., Isospora spp., Cryptosporidium spp., T. gondii, Toxocara spp., H. diminuta and D. caninum. Among the studied stray cats, Blastocystis sp. was detected as the most prevalent protozoon parasite (10.5%) in stray cats. Overall, the results show that stray cats are a significant source for distribution of various parasite diseases to humans and animals in İzmir, Turkey.

Supporting Institution

Ege Üniversitesi

Project Number

2016-TIP-042

Thanks

The authors gratefully acknowledge excellent technical assistance provided by the staff of Veterinary Clinics of Municipality of İzmir.

References

  • 1. Altaş, M.G., & Taşan, E. (1999). Elazığ ili kırsal yöre kedilerinde ekto ve endoparazitler ve bunların halk sağlığı yönünden önemi. Fırat Üniv Sağlık Bil Derg, 13, 233-242.
  • 2. Baneth, G., Thamsborg, S.M., Otranto, D., Guillot, J., Blaga, R., Deplazes, P., & Solano-Gallego, L. (2016). Major Parasitic Zoonoses Associated with Dogs and Cats in Europe. J Comp Pathol,155(1 Suppl 1), 54-74.
  • 3. Burgu, A., Tınar, R., Doğanay, A., & Toparlak, M. (1985). Ankara sokak kedilerinin endo ve ektoparazitleri üzerine bir araştırma. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 31, 288-300.
  • 4. Can, H., Döşkaya, M., Ajzenberg, D., Özdemir, H.G., Caner, A., İz, S.G., Döşkaya, A.D., Atalay, E., Çetinkaya, Ç., Ürgen, S., Karaçalı, S., Ün, C., Dardé, M.L., & Gürüz Y. (2014). Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates and toxoplasmosis seroprevalence in stray cats of İzmir, Turkey. PLoS One, 15, 9(8):e104930.
  • 5. Can, H., Döşkaya, M., Özdemir, H.G., Şahar, E.A., Karakavuk, M., Pektaş, B., Karakuş, M., Töz, S., Caner, A., Döşkaya, A.D., İz, S.G., Özbel, Y., & Gürüz, Y. (2016). Seroprevalence of Leishmania infection and molecular detection of Leishmania tropica and Leishmania infantum in stray cats of İzmir, Turkey. Exp Parasitol, 167,109-14.
  • 6. Cian, A., El Safadi, D., Osman, M., Moriniere, R., Gantois, N., Benamrouz-Vanneste, S., Delgado-Viscogliosi, P., Guyot, K., Li, L.L., Monchy, S., Noël, C., Poirier, P., Nourrisson, C., Wawrzyniak, I., Delbac, F., Bosc, S., Chabé, M., Petit, T., & Certad, G., Viscogliosi, E. Molecular Epidemiology of Blastocystis sp. in Various Animal Groups from Two French Zoos and Evaluation of Potential Zoonotic Risk. PLoS One, 6,12(1):e0169659.
  • 7. Clutton-Brock, J.A. (1999). Natural History of Domesticated Mammals. Cambridge Univ Press; Cambridge.
  • 8. Dabritz, H.A., & Conrad, P.A. (2010). Cats and Toxoplasma: implications for public health. Zoonoses Public Health, 57(1), 34-52.
  • 9. Dabritz, H.A., Miller, M.A., Atwill, E.R., Gardner, I.A., Leutenegger, C.M., Melli, A.C., & Conrad, P.A. (2007). Detection of Toxoplasma gondii-like oocysts in cat feces and estimates of the environmental oocyst burden. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 231(11),1676-84.
  • 10. Değirmenci, A., Sevil, N., Güneş, K., Yolasiğmaz, A., & Turgay, N. (2007). Distribution of intestinal parasites detected in the parasitology laboratory of the Ege University Medical School Hospital in 2005. Turkiye Parazitol Derg, 31(2),133-135.
  • 11. Deplazes, P., van Knapen, F., Schweiger, A., & Overgaauw, P.A. (2011). Role of pet dogs and cats in the transmission of helminthic zoonoses in Europe, with a focus on echinococcosis and toxocarosis. Vet Parasitol, 182(1), 41-53.
  • 12. Doğanay, A. (1992). Türkiye’de kedi ve köpeklerde görülen parazitler. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 39, 336-48.
  • 13. Driscoll, C.A., Menotti-Raymond, M., Roca, A.L., Hupe, K., Johnson, W.E., Geffen, E., Harley, E.H., Delibes, M., Pontier, D., Kitchener, A.C., Yamaguchi, N., O'brien, S.J., & Macdonald, D.W. (2007). The Near Eastern origin of cat domestication. Science (New York, N.Y) 317(5837), 519-523.
  • 14. Dubey, J.P., Miller, N.L., & Frenkel, J.K. (1970). The Toxoplasma gondii oocyst from cat feces. J Exp Med, 132(4),636-62.
  • 15. Dubey, J.P., Zhu, X.Q,, Sundar, N., Zhang, H., Kwok, O.C.H., & Su, C. (2007). Genetic and biologic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates of cats from China. Vet Parasitol, 145 (3–4), 352-356.
  • 16. Duda, A., Stenzel, D.J., & Boreham, P.F. (1998). Detection of Blastocystis sp. in domestic dogs and cats. Vet Parasitol, 76(1-2), 9-17.
  • 17. Goldstein, E.J.C., & Abrahamian, F.M. (2017). Diseases Transmitted by Cats. Microbiol Spectr, 3(5).
  • 18. Goz, Y., Yuksek, N., Altug, N., Ceylan, E., & Deger, S. (2005). Prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in Van cats. Indian Vet J, 82, 995-6.
  • 19. Greige, S., El Safadi, D., Bécu, N., Gantois, N., Pereira, B., Chabé, M., Benamrouz-Vanneste, S., Certad, G., El Hage, R., Chemaly, M., Hamze, M., & Viscogliosi, E. (2018). Prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis sp. isolates from poultry in Lebanon and evidence of zoonotic potential. Parasit Vectors, 11(1), 389.
  • 20. Korkmaz, U.F,. Gökpınar, S., & Yıldız, K. (2016). Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites in Cats and Their Importance in Terms of Public Health. Turkiye Parazitol Derg, 40(4),194-198.
  • 21. Lee, L.I,. Chye, T.T., Karmacharya, B.M., & Govind, S.K. (2012). Blastocystis sp.: waterborne zoonotic organism, a possibility? Parasit Vectors, 28, 5:130.
  • 22. Lepczyńska, M., Białkowska, J., Dzika, E., Piskorz-Ogórek, K., & Korycińska, J. (2017). Blastocystis: how do specific diets and human gut microbiota affect its development and pathogenicity?. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 36(9),1531–1540.
  • 23. Miró, G., Montoya, A., Jiménez, S., Frisuelos, C., Mateo, M., & Fuentes, I. (2004). Prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and intestinal parasites in stray, farm, and household cats in Spain. Vet Parasitol, 126 (3), 249-255.
  • 24. Öge, H., Öge, S., Özbakış, G., & Gürcan, S. (2014). Comparison of Toxocara eggs in hair and faecal samples from owned dogs and cats collected in Ankara, Turkey. Vet Parasitol, 15;206(3-4), 227-231.
  • 25. Ottoni, C., Van Neer, W., De Cupere, B., Daligault, J., Guimaraes, S., Peters J,… Geig,, E.M. (2017). The palaeogenetics of cat dispersal in the ancient world. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 1(0139).
  • 26. Paşa, S., Tetik Vardarlı, A., Erol, N., Karakuş, M., Töz, S., Atasoy, A., Balcıoğlu, İ.C., Emek Tuna, G., Ermiş, Ö.V., Ertabaklar, H., & Özbel, Y. (2015). Detection of Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica in domestic cats in the Ege Region of Turkey. Vet Parasitol, 212(3-4),389-92.
  • 27. Qian, W., Wang, H., Su, C., Shan, D., Cui, X., Yang, N., Lv, C., & Liu, Q. (2012). Isolation and characterization of Toxoplasma gondii strains from stray cats revealed a single genotype in Beijing. China Vet Parasitol, 187 (3–4), 408-413.
  • 28. Ruaux, C.G., & Stang, B.V. (2014). Prevalence of blastocystis in shelter-resident and client-owned companion animals in the US Pacific Northwest. PLoS One, 9(9), e107496.
  • 29. Symeonidou, I., Gelasakis, A.I., Arsenopoulos, K., Angelou, A., Beugnet, F., & Papadopoulos, E. (2018). Feline gastrointestinal parasitism in Greece: emergent zoonotic species and associated risk factors. Parasit Vectors, 11(1), 227.
  • 30. Turgay, N., Unver-Yolasığmaz, A., Oyur, T., Bardak-Özcem, S., & Töz, S. (2012). Monthly distribution of intestinal parasites detected in a part of western Turkey between May 2009-April 2010-results of acid fast and modified trichrome staining methods. Turkiye Parazitol Derg, 36(2),71-74.
  • 31. Yaman, M., Ayaz, E., Gül, A., & Muz, M.N. (2006). Investigation of helminth infections of cats and dogs in the Hatay province. Turkiye Parazitol Derg, 30(3), 200-204.

Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Stray Cats of İzmir

Year 2021, Volume: 10 Issue: 1, 6 - 11, 11.06.2021

Abstract

Kedilerde gastrointestinal parazitler hayvan sağlığını ve refahını etkilemesinin yanında Toxoplasma gondii, Cryptosporidium spp., Isospora spp., Blastocystis sp., Toxocara spp. gibi bazı zoonozlar nedeniyle insan sağlığını da etkilemektedir. Bu nedenle, sokak kedilerinde gastrointestinal parazitlerin varlığının araştırılması hastalıkların sıklığını ortaya çıkarmak ve yayılmasını önlemek için oldukça önemlidir. Bu çalışmada İzmir'de yaşayan büyük bir sokak kedisi grubunda gastrointestinal parazitlerin sıklığının dışkı örneklerinin direkt mikroskobik incelenmesi ile belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. İzmir'in 5 farklı ilçesinde bulunan Veteriner Kliniklerinden toplam 465 dışkı örneği toplanmıştır. Mikroskobik inceleme için, tüm dışkı örnekleri santrifüj-sükroz yüzdürme metodu kullanılmıştır. Cryptosporidium spp. şüpheli dışkı örnekleri Kinyoun asit-hızlı boyama ile boyanmıştır. Sonuç olarak 465 kediden 73'ünün (% 15,6) Blastocystis sp., Isospora spp., Cryptosporidium spp., T. gondii, Toxocara spp., H. diminuta ve D. caninum türlerinden en az biri ile enfekte olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Sokak kedileri arasında Blastocystis sp. başıboş kedilerde en yaygın protozoon paraziti (% 10.5) olarak tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, sokak kedilerinin İzmir, Türkiye'de çeşitli parazit hastalıklarının insanlara ve hayvanlara yayılması için önemli bir kaynak olduğunu göstermektedir.

Project Number

2016-TIP-042

References

  • 1. Altaş, M.G., & Taşan, E. (1999). Elazığ ili kırsal yöre kedilerinde ekto ve endoparazitler ve bunların halk sağlığı yönünden önemi. Fırat Üniv Sağlık Bil Derg, 13, 233-242.
  • 2. Baneth, G., Thamsborg, S.M., Otranto, D., Guillot, J., Blaga, R., Deplazes, P., & Solano-Gallego, L. (2016). Major Parasitic Zoonoses Associated with Dogs and Cats in Europe. J Comp Pathol,155(1 Suppl 1), 54-74.
  • 3. Burgu, A., Tınar, R., Doğanay, A., & Toparlak, M. (1985). Ankara sokak kedilerinin endo ve ektoparazitleri üzerine bir araştırma. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 31, 288-300.
  • 4. Can, H., Döşkaya, M., Ajzenberg, D., Özdemir, H.G., Caner, A., İz, S.G., Döşkaya, A.D., Atalay, E., Çetinkaya, Ç., Ürgen, S., Karaçalı, S., Ün, C., Dardé, M.L., & Gürüz Y. (2014). Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates and toxoplasmosis seroprevalence in stray cats of İzmir, Turkey. PLoS One, 15, 9(8):e104930.
  • 5. Can, H., Döşkaya, M., Özdemir, H.G., Şahar, E.A., Karakavuk, M., Pektaş, B., Karakuş, M., Töz, S., Caner, A., Döşkaya, A.D., İz, S.G., Özbel, Y., & Gürüz, Y. (2016). Seroprevalence of Leishmania infection and molecular detection of Leishmania tropica and Leishmania infantum in stray cats of İzmir, Turkey. Exp Parasitol, 167,109-14.
  • 6. Cian, A., El Safadi, D., Osman, M., Moriniere, R., Gantois, N., Benamrouz-Vanneste, S., Delgado-Viscogliosi, P., Guyot, K., Li, L.L., Monchy, S., Noël, C., Poirier, P., Nourrisson, C., Wawrzyniak, I., Delbac, F., Bosc, S., Chabé, M., Petit, T., & Certad, G., Viscogliosi, E. Molecular Epidemiology of Blastocystis sp. in Various Animal Groups from Two French Zoos and Evaluation of Potential Zoonotic Risk. PLoS One, 6,12(1):e0169659.
  • 7. Clutton-Brock, J.A. (1999). Natural History of Domesticated Mammals. Cambridge Univ Press; Cambridge.
  • 8. Dabritz, H.A., & Conrad, P.A. (2010). Cats and Toxoplasma: implications for public health. Zoonoses Public Health, 57(1), 34-52.
  • 9. Dabritz, H.A., Miller, M.A., Atwill, E.R., Gardner, I.A., Leutenegger, C.M., Melli, A.C., & Conrad, P.A. (2007). Detection of Toxoplasma gondii-like oocysts in cat feces and estimates of the environmental oocyst burden. J Am Vet Med Assoc, 231(11),1676-84.
  • 10. Değirmenci, A., Sevil, N., Güneş, K., Yolasiğmaz, A., & Turgay, N. (2007). Distribution of intestinal parasites detected in the parasitology laboratory of the Ege University Medical School Hospital in 2005. Turkiye Parazitol Derg, 31(2),133-135.
  • 11. Deplazes, P., van Knapen, F., Schweiger, A., & Overgaauw, P.A. (2011). Role of pet dogs and cats in the transmission of helminthic zoonoses in Europe, with a focus on echinococcosis and toxocarosis. Vet Parasitol, 182(1), 41-53.
  • 12. Doğanay, A. (1992). Türkiye’de kedi ve köpeklerde görülen parazitler. Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 39, 336-48.
  • 13. Driscoll, C.A., Menotti-Raymond, M., Roca, A.L., Hupe, K., Johnson, W.E., Geffen, E., Harley, E.H., Delibes, M., Pontier, D., Kitchener, A.C., Yamaguchi, N., O'brien, S.J., & Macdonald, D.W. (2007). The Near Eastern origin of cat domestication. Science (New York, N.Y) 317(5837), 519-523.
  • 14. Dubey, J.P., Miller, N.L., & Frenkel, J.K. (1970). The Toxoplasma gondii oocyst from cat feces. J Exp Med, 132(4),636-62.
  • 15. Dubey, J.P., Zhu, X.Q,, Sundar, N., Zhang, H., Kwok, O.C.H., & Su, C. (2007). Genetic and biologic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates of cats from China. Vet Parasitol, 145 (3–4), 352-356.
  • 16. Duda, A., Stenzel, D.J., & Boreham, P.F. (1998). Detection of Blastocystis sp. in domestic dogs and cats. Vet Parasitol, 76(1-2), 9-17.
  • 17. Goldstein, E.J.C., & Abrahamian, F.M. (2017). Diseases Transmitted by Cats. Microbiol Spectr, 3(5).
  • 18. Goz, Y., Yuksek, N., Altug, N., Ceylan, E., & Deger, S. (2005). Prevalence of Cryptosporidium infection in Van cats. Indian Vet J, 82, 995-6.
  • 19. Greige, S., El Safadi, D., Bécu, N., Gantois, N., Pereira, B., Chabé, M., Benamrouz-Vanneste, S., Certad, G., El Hage, R., Chemaly, M., Hamze, M., & Viscogliosi, E. (2018). Prevalence and subtype distribution of Blastocystis sp. isolates from poultry in Lebanon and evidence of zoonotic potential. Parasit Vectors, 11(1), 389.
  • 20. Korkmaz, U.F,. Gökpınar, S., & Yıldız, K. (2016). Prevalence of Intestinal Parasites in Cats and Their Importance in Terms of Public Health. Turkiye Parazitol Derg, 40(4),194-198.
  • 21. Lee, L.I,. Chye, T.T., Karmacharya, B.M., & Govind, S.K. (2012). Blastocystis sp.: waterborne zoonotic organism, a possibility? Parasit Vectors, 28, 5:130.
  • 22. Lepczyńska, M., Białkowska, J., Dzika, E., Piskorz-Ogórek, K., & Korycińska, J. (2017). Blastocystis: how do specific diets and human gut microbiota affect its development and pathogenicity?. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis, 36(9),1531–1540.
  • 23. Miró, G., Montoya, A., Jiménez, S., Frisuelos, C., Mateo, M., & Fuentes, I. (2004). Prevalence of antibodies to Toxoplasma gondii and intestinal parasites in stray, farm, and household cats in Spain. Vet Parasitol, 126 (3), 249-255.
  • 24. Öge, H., Öge, S., Özbakış, G., & Gürcan, S. (2014). Comparison of Toxocara eggs in hair and faecal samples from owned dogs and cats collected in Ankara, Turkey. Vet Parasitol, 15;206(3-4), 227-231.
  • 25. Ottoni, C., Van Neer, W., De Cupere, B., Daligault, J., Guimaraes, S., Peters J,… Geig,, E.M. (2017). The palaeogenetics of cat dispersal in the ancient world. Nature Ecology & Evolution, 1(0139).
  • 26. Paşa, S., Tetik Vardarlı, A., Erol, N., Karakuş, M., Töz, S., Atasoy, A., Balcıoğlu, İ.C., Emek Tuna, G., Ermiş, Ö.V., Ertabaklar, H., & Özbel, Y. (2015). Detection of Leishmania major and Leishmania tropica in domestic cats in the Ege Region of Turkey. Vet Parasitol, 212(3-4),389-92.
  • 27. Qian, W., Wang, H., Su, C., Shan, D., Cui, X., Yang, N., Lv, C., & Liu, Q. (2012). Isolation and characterization of Toxoplasma gondii strains from stray cats revealed a single genotype in Beijing. China Vet Parasitol, 187 (3–4), 408-413.
  • 28. Ruaux, C.G., & Stang, B.V. (2014). Prevalence of blastocystis in shelter-resident and client-owned companion animals in the US Pacific Northwest. PLoS One, 9(9), e107496.
  • 29. Symeonidou, I., Gelasakis, A.I., Arsenopoulos, K., Angelou, A., Beugnet, F., & Papadopoulos, E. (2018). Feline gastrointestinal parasitism in Greece: emergent zoonotic species and associated risk factors. Parasit Vectors, 11(1), 227.
  • 30. Turgay, N., Unver-Yolasığmaz, A., Oyur, T., Bardak-Özcem, S., & Töz, S. (2012). Monthly distribution of intestinal parasites detected in a part of western Turkey between May 2009-April 2010-results of acid fast and modified trichrome staining methods. Turkiye Parazitol Derg, 36(2),71-74.
  • 31. Yaman, M., Ayaz, E., Gül, A., & Muz, M.N. (2006). Investigation of helminth infections of cats and dogs in the Hatay province. Turkiye Parazitol Derg, 30(3), 200-204.
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Veterinary Sciences
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Muhammet Karakavuk

Nebahat Selim

Berna Yeşilsiraz

Evren Atlı

Hüsey,n Özdemir

Nuray Alan

Mustafa Yalçın

Onur Özkurt

Murat Aras

Tuncel Çelik

Şengül Can

Aysu Değirmenci Döşkaya

Ahmet Köseoğlu

Sedef Erkunt Alak

Tuğba Karakavuk

Cemal Un

Adnan Gürüz

Mert Döşkaya

Hüseyin Can

Project Number 2016-TIP-042
Publication Date June 11, 2021
Submission Date March 2, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 10 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Karakavuk, M., Selim, N., Yeşilsiraz, B., Atlı, E., et al. (2021). Prevalence of Gastrointestinal Parasites in Stray Cats of İzmir. Animal Health Production and Hygiene, 10(1), 6-11.