Research Article
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HEAD AND NECK INJURIES DUE TO ANIMAL ATTACKS: OUR CLINICAL EXPERIENCES

Year 2019, Volume: 52 Issue: 2, 101 - 107, 31.07.2019

Abstract

Purpose: Head and neck injuries may end up with physical,
functional and psychological problems besides persistent facial deformities.
This study aimed to review the management of patients who were admitted to our
department due to animal attack to head and neck region

Material
and Method:
Sixteen patients who
were admitted to Ankara Training and Research Hospital, Plastic, Reconstructive
and Aesthetic Surgery Department between 2006-2018 due to animal attack to head
and neck region and managed by surgical intervention were included in this
study. Demographic features, type of injuries and type of surgical managements
are reviewed in here.

Results: Twenty four lesions of sixteen patients were operated.
Mean age of the patients was 18.8 (3-64) and female/male ratio was 2.2/1. Most
of the patients were injured due to dog attack (10/16) while others were due to
donkey, bear and horse attack in order of frequency.  The most injured part was perioral region
(8/24) while scalp (5/24), malar (5/24), periorbital (2/24), nasal (2/24), ear
(1/24) and neck (1/24) region were the others. There were fractures in three
patients and fractures were found to be statistically significantly higher in
adult patients compared to children (p=0.036). Seventeen of the injuries were
managed by direct suturation, while six were treated with local flaps and one
by free flap.











Conclusion: Current management strategy in animal attacks to head
and neck region consists of early management, irrigation and debridement of the
wound followed by primary repair of the lesion, as prefered in the current
study. The patients attacked especially by large animals should be evaluated
for the presence of fractures. Primary repair, rational use of antibiotics,
tetanus and rabies prophylaxis, all together seem to be effective with the
least complication rates in this group of patients.

References

  • 1. Weiss HB, Friedman DI, Coben JH. Incidence of dog bite injuries treated in emergency departments. JAMA 1998; 279: 51-3.
  • 2. Gelvez M, Enrique R, Gajos G, Bladimir J, Carvajal D, Luis A. Animal and human bite injuries: a 5-year retrospective study in a large urban public hospital in Venezuela. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 21: 425-28.
  • 3. Gurunluoglu R, Glasgow M, Arton J, Bronsert M. Retrospective analysis of facial dog bite injuries at a Level I trauma center in the Denver metro area. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2014; 76: 1294-300.
  • 4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/ HomeandRecreationalSafety/Dog-Bites/dogbite-pubs.html, Accessed July 2013.
  • 5. Aziz H, Rhee P, Pandit V, Tang A, Gries L, Joseph B. The current concepts in management of animal (dog, cat, snake, scorpion) and human bite wounds. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2015; 78: 641-8.
  • 6. Mannion CJ, Graham A, Shepherd K, Greenberg D. Dog bites and maxillofacial surgery: what can we do? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015; 53: 522-5.
  • 7. Wolff KD. Management of animal bite injuries of the face: experience with 94 patients. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1998; 56: 838-43; discussion 43-4.
  • 8. Rothe K, Tsokos M, Handrick W. Animal and Human Bite Wounds. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2015; 112: 433-42.
  • 9. Edwards MS. Animal and Human Bites. In: Long SS, Pickering LK, Prober CG; eds. Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 4th ed.: Philadelphia, Elsevier, 2012.p.3570-9
  • 10. Chaudhry MA, Macnamara AF, Clark S. Is the management of dog bite wounds evidence based? A postal survey and review of the literature. Eur J Emerg Med 2004; 11: 313-7.
  • 11. Wu PS, Beres A, Tashjian DB, Moriarty KP. Primary repair of facial dog bite injuries in children. Pediatr Emerg Care 2011; 27: 801-3.
  • 12. Stefanopoulos PK, Tarantzopoulou AD. Facial bite wounds: management update. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005; 34: 464-72.
  • 13. Sezgin B, Ljohiy M, Akgol Gur ST. Animal-inflicted open wounds in rural Turkey: lessons learned and a proposed treatment algorithm for uncertain scenarios. Int Wound J 2016; 13: 1282-88.
  • 14. Ginsburg CM, Hunstad DA. Animal and Human Bites. In: Kliegman RM, Stanton B, St.Geme J, and Schor NF; eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 20th ed. Philadelphia, Elsevier, 2015.p.3447-50.
  • 15. Zhang QB, Zhang B, Zhang ZQ, Chen Q. The epidemiology of cranio-facial injuries caused by animals in southern-central China. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2012: 40: 506-9.
  • 16. Tiemdjo HG, Coulibaly T, Toure AA. Paediatric open tibiofibular fractures following a donkey bite. A report of two cases. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2009; 95: 314-8.
  • 17. Meyers B, Schoeman JP, Goddard A, Picard J. The bacteriology and antimicrobial susceptibility of infected and non-infected dog bite wounds: fifty cases. Vet Microbiol 2008; 127: 360-8.
  • 18. McHeik JN, Vergnes P, Bondonny JM. Treatment of facial dog bite injuries in children: a retrospective study. J Pediatr Surg 2000; 35: 580-3.
  • 19. Talan DA, Citron DM, Abrahamian FM, Moran GJ, Goldstein EJ. Bacteriologic analysis of infected dog and cat bites. Emergency Medicine Animal Bite Infection Study Group. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 85-92.
  • 20. Cummings P. Antibiotics to prevent infection in patients with dog bite wounds: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Ann Emerg Med 1994; 23: 535-40.
  • 21. Medeiros I, Saconato H. Antibiotic prophylaxis for mammalian bites. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001; CD001738.

HAYVAN SALDIRISINA BAĞLI BAŞ VE BOYUN BÖLGESİ YARALANMALARI: KLİNİK DENEYİMLERİMİZ

Year 2019, Volume: 52 Issue: 2, 101 - 107, 31.07.2019

Abstract

Amaç: Baş ve boyun bölgesinin yaralanmaları, fiziki, işlevsel
ve psikolojik problemlere ve kalıcı yüz deformitelerine neden olabilir. Bu
yazıda, farklı hayvan saldırılarına bağlı baş ve boyun bölgesinde defekt nedeni
ile kliniğimize başvuran hastaların değerlendirilmesi ve deneyimlerin
paylaşması amaçlanmıştır.



Gereç ve
Yöntem:
Bu çalışmaya, Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma
Hastanesi, Plastik Rekonstrüktif ve Estetik Cerrahi Kliniği’ ne 2006-2018
tarihleri arasında hayvan saldırısına bağlı baş ve boyun bölgesi yaralanması
nedeniyle başvuran ve rekonstrüksiyon için cerrahi müdahale ihtiyacı olan 16
hasta dahil edilmiştir. Hastaların demografik özellikleri, yaralanma biçimleri
ve uygulanan cerrahi tedaviler değerlendirilmiştir.



Bulgular:
Çalışmaya dahil edilen 16 hastada 24 bölge
onarımı yapıldı. Hastaların yaş ortalaması 18,8 (3-64 yaş) ve Kadın / Erkek
oranı 2,2/1 idi. Kliniğimize en sık köpek saldırısına bağlı hastalar
başvururken (10/16), eşek, ayı ve at saldırısına maruz kalmış hastalar azalan
sıklıkla bu grubu izlemekteydi.  En fazla
onarım yapılan bölge perioral (8/24), sonrasında azalan sıklık oranlarına göre skalp
 (5/24), malar (5/24), periorbital (2/24),
burun (2/24), kulak (1/24) ve boyun (1/24) bölgesi idi. Hastaların 3 tanesinde
fraktür izlenmiş ve erişkin hastalarda çocuk hastalara göre daha fazla fraktür
olduğu görülmüştür (p=0.036). Tüm yaralanmaların 17 si direkt sütürasyonla
yapılırken, 6 sı lokal fleplerle ve 1 tanesi de serbest flep ile onarıldı.



Sonuç: Hayvan saldırılarına bağlı baş boyun bölgesi
yaralanmalarında güncel yaklaşım, bu çalışmada da tercih edildiği gibi erken
müdahale edilmesi ve irrigasyon ve debridmanını takiben  primer onarım yönündedir. Büyük hayvan
yaralanmalarında hastalar fraktür açısından değerlendirilmelidir. Komplikasyon
oranları da dikkate alındığında, primer kapama, akılcı antibiyotik kullanımı,
kuduz ve tetanoz profilaksisi bu grup hastada etkin gözükmektedir.

References

  • 1. Weiss HB, Friedman DI, Coben JH. Incidence of dog bite injuries treated in emergency departments. JAMA 1998; 279: 51-3.
  • 2. Gelvez M, Enrique R, Gajos G, Bladimir J, Carvajal D, Luis A. Animal and human bite injuries: a 5-year retrospective study in a large urban public hospital in Venezuela. Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017; 21: 425-28.
  • 3. Gurunluoglu R, Glasgow M, Arton J, Bronsert M. Retrospective analysis of facial dog bite injuries at a Level I trauma center in the Denver metro area. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2014; 76: 1294-300.
  • 4. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. http://www.cdc.gov/ HomeandRecreationalSafety/Dog-Bites/dogbite-pubs.html, Accessed July 2013.
  • 5. Aziz H, Rhee P, Pandit V, Tang A, Gries L, Joseph B. The current concepts in management of animal (dog, cat, snake, scorpion) and human bite wounds. J Trauma Acute Care Surg 2015; 78: 641-8.
  • 6. Mannion CJ, Graham A, Shepherd K, Greenberg D. Dog bites and maxillofacial surgery: what can we do? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2015; 53: 522-5.
  • 7. Wolff KD. Management of animal bite injuries of the face: experience with 94 patients. J Oral Maxillofac Surg 1998; 56: 838-43; discussion 43-4.
  • 8. Rothe K, Tsokos M, Handrick W. Animal and Human Bite Wounds. Dtsch Arztebl Int 2015; 112: 433-42.
  • 9. Edwards MS. Animal and Human Bites. In: Long SS, Pickering LK, Prober CG; eds. Principles and Practice of Pediatric Infectious Diseases. 4th ed.: Philadelphia, Elsevier, 2012.p.3570-9
  • 10. Chaudhry MA, Macnamara AF, Clark S. Is the management of dog bite wounds evidence based? A postal survey and review of the literature. Eur J Emerg Med 2004; 11: 313-7.
  • 11. Wu PS, Beres A, Tashjian DB, Moriarty KP. Primary repair of facial dog bite injuries in children. Pediatr Emerg Care 2011; 27: 801-3.
  • 12. Stefanopoulos PK, Tarantzopoulou AD. Facial bite wounds: management update. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2005; 34: 464-72.
  • 13. Sezgin B, Ljohiy M, Akgol Gur ST. Animal-inflicted open wounds in rural Turkey: lessons learned and a proposed treatment algorithm for uncertain scenarios. Int Wound J 2016; 13: 1282-88.
  • 14. Ginsburg CM, Hunstad DA. Animal and Human Bites. In: Kliegman RM, Stanton B, St.Geme J, and Schor NF; eds. Nelson Textbook of Pediatrics. 20th ed. Philadelphia, Elsevier, 2015.p.3447-50.
  • 15. Zhang QB, Zhang B, Zhang ZQ, Chen Q. The epidemiology of cranio-facial injuries caused by animals in southern-central China. J Craniomaxillofac Surg 2012: 40: 506-9.
  • 16. Tiemdjo HG, Coulibaly T, Toure AA. Paediatric open tibiofibular fractures following a donkey bite. A report of two cases. Orthop Traumatol Surg Res 2009; 95: 314-8.
  • 17. Meyers B, Schoeman JP, Goddard A, Picard J. The bacteriology and antimicrobial susceptibility of infected and non-infected dog bite wounds: fifty cases. Vet Microbiol 2008; 127: 360-8.
  • 18. McHeik JN, Vergnes P, Bondonny JM. Treatment of facial dog bite injuries in children: a retrospective study. J Pediatr Surg 2000; 35: 580-3.
  • 19. Talan DA, Citron DM, Abrahamian FM, Moran GJ, Goldstein EJ. Bacteriologic analysis of infected dog and cat bites. Emergency Medicine Animal Bite Infection Study Group. N Engl J Med 1999; 340: 85-92.
  • 20. Cummings P. Antibiotics to prevent infection in patients with dog bite wounds: a meta-analysis of randomized trials. Ann Emerg Med 1994; 23: 535-40.
  • 21. Medeiros I, Saconato H. Antibiotic prophylaxis for mammalian bites. Cochrane Database Syst Rev 2001; CD001738.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Original research article
Authors

Koray Gürsoy

Galip Gencay Üstün

Fethiye Berna Göktaş Demircan This is me

Uğur Koçer

Publication Date July 31, 2019
Submission Date March 19, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 52 Issue: 2

Cite

AMA Gürsoy K, Üstün GG, Göktaş Demircan FB, Koçer U. HAYVAN SALDIRISINA BAĞLI BAŞ VE BOYUN BÖLGESİ YARALANMALARI: KLİNİK DENEYİMLERİMİZ. Ankara Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Tıp Dergisi. July 2019;52(2):101-107.