Research Article
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The Ensiling Capability of Various Commercial Mixture Additives on Sunflower Silage Composition, Organic Matter Digestibility and Microbial Profiles

Year 2016, Volume: 31 Issue: 2, 53 - 58, 30.12.2016

Abstract

The objective of this study was to evaluate the
effects of commercial acid mixtures on silage chemical composition, lactobacillus,
yeast and mold in the silages and organic matter digestibility. The treatment
groups as follows: (1) Control (C, no additive), (2) formic acid, propionic
acid and lignosulphopic acid mixture (1 g/kg, SA, soft acid®), (3) calcium
formiate, sodium benzoate and sodium metabisulfite mixture (1 g/kg, Silamix®)
and (4) SA+SM mixture (1 g/kg SA+1 g/kg SM) admixed to fresh sunflower crops.
Then, fresh crop materials were filled one kg in vacuum nylons and vacuumed
with six replicates and kept for 90 days at room temperature (about 20 to 26
°C). Dry matter content of silages were lower in the SA+SM supplemented group
than those of C and SA groups and crude protein content of SM and the SA+SM
groups lower than those of C and SA groups (P<0.01). The crude fiber and
acid detergent fiber ratio were higher in the C group than the other groups
(P<0.01). In the C group the HEM content were lower than SA+SM group
(P<0.05) and in the SA group’s ADL were higher than those of other groups
(P<0.01).Acids supplementations increased total digestibility nutrient
ratio. The lactic acid concentration in the SA+SM group were higher than those
of other groups and in the SM group, organic matter digestibility were higher
than those of C and SA groups (P<0.01).Acid addition was not affect pH,
ether extract, NDF, and lactobacillus and
yeast count of silages. In conclusion, acids mixture supplementation to
sunflower silage caused a decrease in DM, CP and ADF content, however,
increased HEM, TDN, LA and OMD and so they may improve silage quality.

References

  • Akyıldız, A.R. 1986. Yemler bilgisi ve teknolojisi. Ankara Üniversitesi. Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, Yayın No: 974, Ders Kitabı No:286, Ankara.
  • AOAC, 1996. Officialmethods of analysis 952.08. Water content in seafood. Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
  • AOAC. 2000. Official methods of analysis of AOAC International, (17th ed.), Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
  • Aufrere, J. veMichalet-Doreau, B. 1988. Comparison of methods for predicting digestibility of feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 20 (3): 203–218.
  • Chandler, P. 1990. Energy prediction of feeds by forage testing explorer. Feedstuffs, 62 (36): 12.
  • Filya, I. 2003. The effect of Lactobacillus buchneri and Lactobacillus plantarum on the fermentation, aerobic stability, and ruminal degradability of low dry matter corn and sorghum silages.Journal of Dairy Science, 86 (11): 3575-3581.
  • Hazan, R., Levine, A. ve Abeliovich, H. 2004. Benzoic acid, a weak organic acid food preservative, exerts specific effects on intracellular membrane trafficking pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70 (8): 4449–4457.
  • Kemp, A.,Geurink, J.H., Haalstra, R.T. ve Malestein, A. 1977. Nitrate poisoning in cattle. 2. Changes in nitrite in rumen fluid and methemoglobin formation in blood after nitrate intake. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science, 25(1) : 51–62.
  • Kleinschmit, D.H., Schmidt, R.J. ve Kung, L. 2005. The effects of various antifungal additives on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silage.Journal of Dairy Science,88 (6): 2130–2139.
  • Knicky, M. ve Lingvall, P. 2004.Ensiling of high wilted grass-clover mixture by use of different additives to improve quality. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A:Animal Science, 54 (4): 197–205.
  • Krebs, H.A., Wiggins, D., Stubbs, M., Sols, A. ve Bedoya, F. 1983.Studies on the mechanism of the antifungal action of benzoate. Biochemical Journal, 214 (3): 657–663.
  • Kung, J. ve Limin, R. 2010. Aerobic stability of silage. In: Proc. 2010 California Alfalfa and Forage Symposium and Crop/cereal Conference, Visalia, CA, USA.
  • Kung, L., Tung, R.S., Maciorowski, K.G., Buffum, K., Knutsen, K. ve Aimutis, W.R. 1991. Effects of plant cell-wall-degrading enzymes and lactic acid bacteria on silage fermentation and composition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74 (12): 4284-4296.
  • Kutlu, H.R. 2004. Tüm yönleriyle silaj yapımı ve silajla besleme. Çukurova Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Zootekni Bölümü yayınları, Adana. http://www.zootekni.org.tr/upload/File/SILAJ%20El%20KTABI.pdf Access: 21 April 2016.
  • Lattemae, P.ve Lingvall, P. 1996.Effect of hexamine and sodium nitrite in combination with sodium benzoate and sodium propionate on fermentation and storage stability of wilted and long cut grass silage. Swedish Journal of Agricultural Research, 26 (3): 135–146.
  • Lingvall, P.veLattemae, P. 1999. Influence of hexamine and sodium nitrite in combination with sodium benzoate and sodium propionate of fermentation and hygienic quality of wilted and long cut grass silage. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 79 (2): 257–264.
  • Robinson, P.H., Givens, D.I. ve Getachew, G. 2004. Evaluation of NRC, UC Davis and ADAS approaches to estimate the metabolizable energy values of feeds at maintenance energy intake from equations utilizing chemical assays and in vitro determinations. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 114 (1): 75–90.
  • Seale, D.R., Pahlow, G., Spoelstra, S.F., Lindgren, S., Dellaglio, F. ve Lowe, J.F. 1990.Methods for the microbiological analysis of silage. Proceeding of The Eurobac Conference, Uppsala, 147pp.
  • Sniffen, C.J., O'connor, J.D. ve Van Soest, P.J. 1992. A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: II. Carbohydrate and protein availability. Journal of Animal Science, 70 (11): 3562-3577.
  • Spoelstra, S.F. 1983. Inhibition of clostridial growth by nitrate during the early phase of silage fermentation.Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 34 (2): 145–152.
  • SPSS, 2010. SPSS for Windows, Version 17, SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA.
  • Van Soest, P.H., Robertson, J.B. ve Lewis, B.A. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal Dairy Science, 74 (10): 3583–3597.
  • Weiss, W.P., Conrad, H.R.ve Pierre, N.R. 1992. A theoretically-based model for predicting total digestible nutrient values of forages and concentrates. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 39 (1): 95-110.
  • Woolford, M.K. 1975. Microbiological screening of the straight chain fatty acids (C1–C12) as potential silage additives. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 26 (2): 219–228.
  • Yitbarek, M.B.ve Tamir, B. 2014. Silage additives: review. Open Journal of Applied Sciences.

Çeşitli Ticari Karışımların Ayçiçeği Silajlarında Kullanılabilme ISSN:1307-3311 Olanağı, Silaj Kalitesi, İn-Vitro Sindirilebilirlik ve Mikroorganizma Profili Üzerine Etkileri

Year 2016, Volume: 31 Issue: 2, 53 - 58, 30.12.2016

Abstract

Bu
çalışma, ticari asit karışımlarının silaj katkı maddesi olarak ayçiçeği
silajında kullanılmasının kimyasal kompozisyon, lactobacillus, maya ve küf içeriği ile organik madde
sindirilebilirliği üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Muamele
grupları; (1) kontrol ((K), katkı maddesi ilavesi yok), (2) formik asit,
propiyonik asit ve lignosulfopikasit karışımı(1 g/kg, (SA), softacid®), (3)
sodyum benzoat, sodyum metabisulfit ve kalsiyum formiyat karışımı (1 g/kg,(SM),
Silamix®) ve (4) SA+ SM karışımı (1 g/kg SA+1 g/kg SM). Silaj materyalleri 6
tekerrürlü olarak bir litre hacimli vakum poşetlerinde vakumlanmış ve 90 gün
süreyle fermantasyona bırakılmıştır. SA+SM grubunda kuru madde (KM) oranı K ve
SA gruplarından, SM ve SA+SM gruplarında ham protein (HP) içeriği K ve SA
gruplarından önemli derecede düşük bulunmuştur (P<0,01). K grubunda ham
selüloz (HS) ve asit deterjan fiber (ADF) içeriği diğer gruplardan daha yüksek
bulunmuştur (P<0,01). K grubunda hemiselüloz (HEM) içeriği SA+SM grubundan
daha düşük (P<0,05), SA grubunda lignin (ADL) içeriği diğer gruplardan daha
yüksek bulunmuştur (P<0,01). Asitlerin ilavesi ile toplam besin madde
sindirilebilirliği oranı artmış; SA+SM grubunda laktik asit (LA) oranı diğer
gruplardan ve SM grubunda organik madde sindirilebilirliği (OMS), K ve SA
gruplarından daha yüksek bulunmuştur (P<0,01). Asit ilaveleri ile silajlarda
pH, ham yağ (HY), nötral deterjan fiber (NDF) ile lactobacillus ve maya sayısı etkilenmemiştir. Sonuç olarak,
ayçiçeği silajlarına asit karışımı ilavelerinin KM, HP ve ADF oranında azalma,
HEM, toplam sindirilebilir besin maddeleri (TSBM), LA ile OMS’nde artış meydana
getirdiği ve ayçiçeği silajlarında katkı maddesi olarak kullanılmasının silaj kalitesini
artırabileceği söylenebilir.

References

  • Akyıldız, A.R. 1986. Yemler bilgisi ve teknolojisi. Ankara Üniversitesi. Ziraat Fakültesi Yayınları, Yayın No: 974, Ders Kitabı No:286, Ankara.
  • AOAC, 1996. Officialmethods of analysis 952.08. Water content in seafood. Association of Official Analytical Chemists.
  • AOAC. 2000. Official methods of analysis of AOAC International, (17th ed.), Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
  • Aufrere, J. veMichalet-Doreau, B. 1988. Comparison of methods for predicting digestibility of feeds. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 20 (3): 203–218.
  • Chandler, P. 1990. Energy prediction of feeds by forage testing explorer. Feedstuffs, 62 (36): 12.
  • Filya, I. 2003. The effect of Lactobacillus buchneri and Lactobacillus plantarum on the fermentation, aerobic stability, and ruminal degradability of low dry matter corn and sorghum silages.Journal of Dairy Science, 86 (11): 3575-3581.
  • Hazan, R., Levine, A. ve Abeliovich, H. 2004. Benzoic acid, a weak organic acid food preservative, exerts specific effects on intracellular membrane trafficking pathways in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 70 (8): 4449–4457.
  • Kemp, A.,Geurink, J.H., Haalstra, R.T. ve Malestein, A. 1977. Nitrate poisoning in cattle. 2. Changes in nitrite in rumen fluid and methemoglobin formation in blood after nitrate intake. Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science, 25(1) : 51–62.
  • Kleinschmit, D.H., Schmidt, R.J. ve Kung, L. 2005. The effects of various antifungal additives on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn silage.Journal of Dairy Science,88 (6): 2130–2139.
  • Knicky, M. ve Lingvall, P. 2004.Ensiling of high wilted grass-clover mixture by use of different additives to improve quality. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A:Animal Science, 54 (4): 197–205.
  • Krebs, H.A., Wiggins, D., Stubbs, M., Sols, A. ve Bedoya, F. 1983.Studies on the mechanism of the antifungal action of benzoate. Biochemical Journal, 214 (3): 657–663.
  • Kung, J. ve Limin, R. 2010. Aerobic stability of silage. In: Proc. 2010 California Alfalfa and Forage Symposium and Crop/cereal Conference, Visalia, CA, USA.
  • Kung, L., Tung, R.S., Maciorowski, K.G., Buffum, K., Knutsen, K. ve Aimutis, W.R. 1991. Effects of plant cell-wall-degrading enzymes and lactic acid bacteria on silage fermentation and composition. Journal of Dairy Science, 74 (12): 4284-4296.
  • Kutlu, H.R. 2004. Tüm yönleriyle silaj yapımı ve silajla besleme. Çukurova Üniversitesi, Ziraat Fakültesi Zootekni Bölümü yayınları, Adana. http://www.zootekni.org.tr/upload/File/SILAJ%20El%20KTABI.pdf Access: 21 April 2016.
  • Lattemae, P.ve Lingvall, P. 1996.Effect of hexamine and sodium nitrite in combination with sodium benzoate and sodium propionate on fermentation and storage stability of wilted and long cut grass silage. Swedish Journal of Agricultural Research, 26 (3): 135–146.
  • Lingvall, P.veLattemae, P. 1999. Influence of hexamine and sodium nitrite in combination with sodium benzoate and sodium propionate of fermentation and hygienic quality of wilted and long cut grass silage. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 79 (2): 257–264.
  • Robinson, P.H., Givens, D.I. ve Getachew, G. 2004. Evaluation of NRC, UC Davis and ADAS approaches to estimate the metabolizable energy values of feeds at maintenance energy intake from equations utilizing chemical assays and in vitro determinations. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 114 (1): 75–90.
  • Seale, D.R., Pahlow, G., Spoelstra, S.F., Lindgren, S., Dellaglio, F. ve Lowe, J.F. 1990.Methods for the microbiological analysis of silage. Proceeding of The Eurobac Conference, Uppsala, 147pp.
  • Sniffen, C.J., O'connor, J.D. ve Van Soest, P.J. 1992. A net carbohydrate and protein system for evaluating cattle diets: II. Carbohydrate and protein availability. Journal of Animal Science, 70 (11): 3562-3577.
  • Spoelstra, S.F. 1983. Inhibition of clostridial growth by nitrate during the early phase of silage fermentation.Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 34 (2): 145–152.
  • SPSS, 2010. SPSS for Windows, Version 17, SPSS Inc. Chicago, IL, USA.
  • Van Soest, P.H., Robertson, J.B. ve Lewis, B.A. 1991. Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber, and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. Journal Dairy Science, 74 (10): 3583–3597.
  • Weiss, W.P., Conrad, H.R.ve Pierre, N.R. 1992. A theoretically-based model for predicting total digestible nutrient values of forages and concentrates. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 39 (1): 95-110.
  • Woolford, M.K. 1975. Microbiological screening of the straight chain fatty acids (C1–C12) as potential silage additives. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 26 (2): 219–228.
  • Yitbarek, M.B.ve Tamir, B. 2014. Silage additives: review. Open Journal of Applied Sciences.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Agricultural, Veterinary and Food Sciences
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Semla Büyükkılıç Beyzi This is me

Yusuf Konca

Mehmet Levent Özdüven This is me

Berrin Okuyucu This is me

Publication Date December 30, 2016
Acceptance Date December 1, 2016
Published in Issue Year 2016 Volume: 31 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Büyükkılıç Beyzi, S., Konca, Y., Özdüven, M. L., Okuyucu, B. (2016). Çeşitli Ticari Karışımların Ayçiçeği Silajlarında Kullanılabilme ISSN:1307-3311 Olanağı, Silaj Kalitesi, İn-Vitro Sindirilebilirlik ve Mikroorganizma Profili Üzerine Etkileri. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Science, 31(2), 53-58.
AMA Büyükkılıç Beyzi S, Konca Y, Özdüven ML, Okuyucu B. Çeşitli Ticari Karışımların Ayçiçeği Silajlarında Kullanılabilme ISSN:1307-3311 Olanağı, Silaj Kalitesi, İn-Vitro Sindirilebilirlik ve Mikroorganizma Profili Üzerine Etkileri. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Science. December 2016;31(2):53-58.
Chicago Büyükkılıç Beyzi, Semla, Yusuf Konca, Mehmet Levent Özdüven, and Berrin Okuyucu. “Çeşitli Ticari Karışımların Ayçiçeği Silajlarında Kullanılabilme ISSN:1307-3311 Olanağı, Silaj Kalitesi, İn-Vitro Sindirilebilirlik Ve Mikroorganizma Profili Üzerine Etkileri”. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Science 31, no. 2 (December 2016): 53-58.
EndNote Büyükkılıç Beyzi S, Konca Y, Özdüven ML, Okuyucu B (December 1, 2016) Çeşitli Ticari Karışımların Ayçiçeği Silajlarında Kullanılabilme ISSN:1307-3311 Olanağı, Silaj Kalitesi, İn-Vitro Sindirilebilirlik ve Mikroorganizma Profili Üzerine Etkileri. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Science 31 2 53–58.
IEEE S. Büyükkılıç Beyzi, Y. Konca, M. L. Özdüven, and B. Okuyucu, “Çeşitli Ticari Karışımların Ayçiçeği Silajlarında Kullanılabilme ISSN:1307-3311 Olanağı, Silaj Kalitesi, İn-Vitro Sindirilebilirlik ve Mikroorganizma Profili Üzerine Etkileri”, Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Science, vol. 31, no. 2, pp. 53–58, 2016.
ISNAD Büyükkılıç Beyzi, Semla et al. “Çeşitli Ticari Karışımların Ayçiçeği Silajlarında Kullanılabilme ISSN:1307-3311 Olanağı, Silaj Kalitesi, İn-Vitro Sindirilebilirlik Ve Mikroorganizma Profili Üzerine Etkileri”. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Science 31/2 (December 2016), 53-58.
JAMA Büyükkılıç Beyzi S, Konca Y, Özdüven ML, Okuyucu B. Çeşitli Ticari Karışımların Ayçiçeği Silajlarında Kullanılabilme ISSN:1307-3311 Olanağı, Silaj Kalitesi, İn-Vitro Sindirilebilirlik ve Mikroorganizma Profili Üzerine Etkileri. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Science. 2016;31:53–58.
MLA Büyükkılıç Beyzi, Semla et al. “Çeşitli Ticari Karışımların Ayçiçeği Silajlarında Kullanılabilme ISSN:1307-3311 Olanağı, Silaj Kalitesi, İn-Vitro Sindirilebilirlik Ve Mikroorganizma Profili Üzerine Etkileri”. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Science, vol. 31, no. 2, 2016, pp. 53-58.
Vancouver Büyükkılıç Beyzi S, Konca Y, Özdüven ML, Okuyucu B. Çeşitli Ticari Karışımların Ayçiçeği Silajlarında Kullanılabilme ISSN:1307-3311 Olanağı, Silaj Kalitesi, İn-Vitro Sindirilebilirlik ve Mikroorganizma Profili Üzerine Etkileri. Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Science. 2016;31(2):53-8.