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Somali’de hayvancılık sektörünün üretim yapısı ve ekonomik gelişimdeki önemi

Year 2022, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 23 - 32, 26.12.2022

Abstract

Somalia is a country in the horn of Africa. Most of Somalia's geography comprises arid and semi-arid rangeland, making pastoralism the most appropriate form of land use. In addition to being the primary source of income for pastoralists, livestock also makes up the most significant portion of the country's gross domestic product (GDP). The primary livestock of Somalia comprises cattle, camel, sheep, and goats. This livestock has multipurpose utilizes and is ideally suited to the local environmental conditions in the region. Prolonged droughts are not a problem for indigenous breeds, and they can feed inadequate forage. In Somalia, all primary livestock data are still in the hands of pastoralists and agro-pastoralists, as only they practice livestock farming. Although Somalia has experienced conflict and instability for the past 20 years, which caused livestock infrastructure to fail and be destroyed, livestock production is still the nation's primary source of income. At present, there are few livestock enterprises in the whole country. Also, there are a lack of public animal health care services and a lack of feed industries. Somali livestock experts spent much time in the sector, lacking modern technology and research centers. This makes it challenging to obtain accurate data on the livestock sector. Because of a lack of resources, international recognition, and insufficient development program support, the Somali government can not establish animal farms. All animals depend on rangeland resources because of the free grazing system. Like most rangelands, this area has been affected by environmental change and degradation, primarily due to increasing population pressure, overstocking, lack of rangeland management plans (overgrazing), vegetation clearing for fuelwood (overgrazing) deforestation), and lack of clear jurisdiction over rangelands.

References

  • Abdullahi, A. M. (1990). Pastoral production systems in Africa: a study of nomadic household economy and livestock marketing in Central Somalia (Vol. 8).
  • Bedunah, D., Angerer, J. (2012). Rangeland degradation, poverty, and conflict: how can rangeland scientists contribute to effective responses and solutions? Rangeland Ecology & Management, 65(6), 606-612. https://doi.org/10.2111/REM-D-11-00155.1
  • Abdullahi, A. A., Arısoy, H. (2022). Agricultural structure in Somalia. Eurasian Journal of Agricultural Economics 2 (1): 1-14 Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022): Eurasian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2 (1), 1-14
  • Birhan, M., Manaye, Y. (2015). Survey study on feeding strategies, challenge and marketing of beef cattle production in Ethiopia. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 21 (4), 669-674. DOI: 10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2014.21.04.82403
  • Bishop, S., Catley, A., Sheik, H. (2008). Livestock and livelihoods in protracted crisis: The case of southern Somalia. elief, 127. https://www.fao.org/3/i6637e/i6637e.pdf
  • Castiello, M., Innocente, S., Wamalwa, K., Munyua, S., Matete, G., Njue, S. (2011). Sustainable livelihood: potential role and quality assurance of camel export trade in Somalia. Scientific Reports, 1, 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/scientificreports.227
  • Cecchi, G., Wint, W., Shaw, A., Marletta, A., Mattioli, R., Robinson, T. (2010). Geographic distribution and environmental characterization of livestock production systems in Eastern Africa. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 135(1-2), 98-110. DOI : 10.1016/j.agee.2009.08.011
  • Conway, D., Allison, E., Felstead, R., Goulden, M. (2005). Rainfall variability in East Africa: implications for natural resources management and livelihoods. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 363(1826), 49-54. DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2004.1475
  • De Waal, A. (2007). Class and power in a stateless Somalia. Social Science Research Council, 20, 1-14. https://items.ssrc.org/crisis-in-the-horn-of-africa/class-and-power-in-a-stateless-somalia/
  • Desta, A. H. (2016). Pastoralism and the issue of zoonoses in Ethiopia. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 6(7), 21-27. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303041802_Pastoralism_and_the_Issue_of_Zoonoses_in_Ethiopia
  • Elmi, A. (1989). Management, foraging behavior, diet composition and forage quality of free-ranging but herded camels in CeelDheer District, Central Somalia. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6449/
  • Elmi, A. (1991). Livestock production in Somalia with special emphasis on camels. Nomadic Peoples, 87-103. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43123342#metadata_info_tab_contents
  • Elmi, OE. (2021). Hayvansal üretimin önemi ve Somali ekonomisine katkisi, Galgadud bölgesi örneği. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Entitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Konya, Türkiye.
  • Farah, K., Nyariki, D., Ngugi, R., Noor, I., Guliye, A. (2004). The Somali and the camel: Ecology, management and economics. The Anthropologist, 6(1), 45-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/09720073.2004.11890828
  • Farah, Z., Mollet, M., Younan, M., Dahir, R. (2007). Camel dairy in Somalia: Limiting factors and development potential. Livestock Science, 110(1-2), 187-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2006.12.010
  • Farm-Africa, T. (1996). Goat Types of Ethiopia and Eritrea Physical description and management systems. In: FARM-Africa International Livestock Research Institute. http://publication.eiar.gov.et:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/1544
  • Fereja, G. (2016). Characterization of African goat production and productivites: the case of Ethiopia: a review. Glob J Sci Front Res, 16, 1-11. https://journalofscience.org/index.php/GJSFR/article/view/1829
  • Gezahegn, A. (2006). Characterization of rangeland resources and dynamics of the pastoral production systems in the Somali region of eastern Ethiopia. University of the Free State, http://publication.eiar.gov.et:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/1801
  • Headey, D., Taffesse, A., You, L. (2014). Diversification and development in pastoralist Ethiopia. World Development, 56, 200-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.10.015
  • Kassahun, A. (2006). Characterization of rangeland resources and dynamics of the pastoral production systems in the Somali region of eastern Ethiopia. University of the Free State, http://publication.eiar.gov.et:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/1801
  • Kassahun, A., Snyman, H., Smit, G. (2008). Impact of rangeland degradation on the pastoral production systems, livelihoods and perceptions of the Somali pastoralists in Eastern Ethiopia. Journal of Arid Environments, 72(7), 1265-1281. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140196308000050
  • Kiliç, T. (2014). Karacadağ’da Göçebe Hayvancilik ve Göçerler. Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 24(2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.18069/fusbed.34839
  • Maystadt, J. F., Ecker, O. (2014). Extreme weather and civil war: Does drought fuel conflict in Somalia through livestock price shocks? American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 96(4), 1157-1182. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aau010
  • Mekasha, A., Gerard, B., Tesfaye, K., Nigatu, L., Duncan., A. J. (2014). Inter-connection between land use/land cover change and herders’/farmers’ livestock feed resource management strategies: a case study from three Ethiopian eco-environments. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 188, 150-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2014.02.022
  • Muchiri, P. (2007). Climate of Somalia. https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=SO2009100006
  • Mugunieri, G., Mtimet, N., Enock, K., Costagli, R., Gulaid, I. (2015). Saudi Arabia end-market requirements and the implications for Somaliland livestock exports: ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD). https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/132685427.pdf
  • Mugunieri, L. G., Costagli R., Abdulle, M., Osman, I., Omore, A. O. (2012). Improvement and diversification of Somali livestock trade and marketing: Towards a formalized grading system for export quality livestock in Somalia. ILRI Discussion Paper. https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=QT2016106824
  • Muigai, A., Matete, G., Aden, H., Tapio, M., Okeyo, A., Marshall, K. (2016). The indigenous farm genetic resources of Somalia: preliminary phenotypic and genotypic characterization of cattle, sheep and goats: ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD). https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/132683417.pdf
  • Muigai, A. W., Hanotte, O. (2013). The origin of African sheep: archaeological and genetic perspectives. African Archaeological Review, 30(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10437-013-9129-0
  • Musa, A. M., Wasonga. O. V., Mtimet, N. (2020). Factors influencing livestock export in Somaliland’s terminal markets. Pastoralism, 10(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13570-019-0155-7
  • Opio, P., Makkar, S., Tibbo, M., Ahmed, S., Sebsibe, A., Osman, M., Munyua, S., (2020). Regional Animal Feed Action Plan for East Africa: why, what, for whom, how used and benefits. CAB Reviews, 7(044), 1-16.
  • Pande, R. S. (2009). Status of rangeland resources and strategies for improvements in Nepal. CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources, 4(047), 1-11.
  • Parlak, A., Hayrettin, E. (2006). Bazı yapay mera karışımlarında ekim yöntemleri ve azot dozlarının fide gelişmesine etkileri. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 12(02), 203-209. https://doi.org/10.1501/Tarimbil_0000000480
  • Rege, J., Tawah, C. (1999). The state of African cattle genetic resources II. Geographical distribution, characteristics and uses of present-day breeds and strains. Animal Genetic Resources Information, 26, 1-25. doi:10.1017/S1014233900001152
  • Rembold, F., Oduori, S., Gadain, H., Toselli, P. (2013). Mapping charcoal driven forest degradation during the main period of Al Shabaab control in Southern Somalia. Energy for Sustainable Development, 17(5), 510-514. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1020&context=hprccnews
  • Umphlett, N., Mamood, R., Flanagan, P., Brown, E., Rush, G., Stiles, C. J. (2019). The Prairie Post Quarterly Newsletter of the High Plains Regional Climate Center-July 2019. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1020&context=hprccnews
  • Unruh, J. D. (1991). Nomadic pastoralism and irrigated agriculture in Somalia. GeoJournal, 25(1), 91-108. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00179776
  • Unruh, J. (1995). The relationship between indigenous pastoralist resource tenure and state tenure in Somalia. GeoJournal, 36(1), 19-26. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00812523
  • White, D. H., Lubulwa G. A., Menz, K., Zuo, H., Wint, W., Slingenbergh, J. (2001). Agro-climatic classification systems for estimating the global distribution of livestock numbers and commodities. Environment international, 27(2-3), 181-187. doi: 10.1016/s0160-4120(01)00080-0. PMID: 11697667.
  • Wilson, T. (2016). Economic recovery in Somalia. Bildhaan: An International Journal of Somali Studies, 15(1), 9. https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/bildhaan/vol15/iss1/9/
  • Yohannes Mehari, Z., Gebru, G. (2007). Potentials of camel production in Babilie and Kebribeyah wore-das of the Jijiga zone, Somali region, Ethiopia. ESAP Proceedings. http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd19/4/meha19058.htm
  • Zampieri, M., Ceglar, A., Dentener, F., Dosio, A., Naumann, G., Van, Den Berg, M., Toreti, A. (2019). When will current climate extremes affecting maize production become the norm? Earth's Future, 7(2), 113-122. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018EF000995
  • Zerga, B., Workineh, B., Teketay, Dç, Woldetsadik, M. (2018). Rangeland degradation and rehabilitation efforts in the Somali national regional state, eastern Ethiopia: A Review. international journal of innovative research and development, 7(5). DOI: 10.24940/ijird/2018/v7/i5/MAY18026

Economic development opportunities and general structure of livestock production in Somalia

Year 2022, Volume: 1 Issue: 1, 23 - 32, 26.12.2022

Abstract

Somalia is a country in the horn of Africa. Most of Somalia's geography comprises arid and semi-arid rangeland, making pastoralism the most appropriate form of land use. In addition to being the primary source of income for pastoralists, livestock also makes up the most significant portion of the country's gross domestic product (GDP). The primary livestock of Somalia comprises cattle, camel, sheep, and goats. This livestock has multipurpose utilizes and is ideally suited to the local environmental conditions in the region. Prolonged droughts are not a problem for indigenous breeds, and they can feed inadequate forage. In Somalia, all primary livestock data are still in the hands of pastoralists and agro-pastoralists, as only they practice livestock farming. Although Somalia has experienced conflict and instability for the past 20 years, which caused livestock infrastructure to fail and be destroyed, livestock production is still the nation's primary source of income. At present, there are few livestock enterprises in the whole country. Also, there are a lack of public animal health care services and a lack of feed industries. Somali livestock experts spent much time in the sector, lacking modern technology and research centers. This makes it challenging to obtain accurate data on the livestock sector. Because of a lack of resources, international recognition, and insufficient development program support, the Somali government can not establish animal farms. All animals depend on rangeland resources because of the free grazing system. Like most rangelands, this area has been affected by environmental change and degradation, primarily due to increasing population pressure, overstocking, lack of rangeland management plans (overgrazing), vegetation clearing for fuelwood (overgrazing) deforestation), and lack of clear jurisdiction over rangelands.

References

  • Abdullahi, A. M. (1990). Pastoral production systems in Africa: a study of nomadic household economy and livestock marketing in Central Somalia (Vol. 8).
  • Bedunah, D., Angerer, J. (2012). Rangeland degradation, poverty, and conflict: how can rangeland scientists contribute to effective responses and solutions? Rangeland Ecology & Management, 65(6), 606-612. https://doi.org/10.2111/REM-D-11-00155.1
  • Abdullahi, A. A., Arısoy, H. (2022). Agricultural structure in Somalia. Eurasian Journal of Agricultural Economics 2 (1): 1-14 Vol. 2 No. 1 (2022): Eurasian Journal of Agricultural Economics, 2 (1), 1-14
  • Birhan, M., Manaye, Y. (2015). Survey study on feeding strategies, challenge and marketing of beef cattle production in Ethiopia. Middle-East Journal of Scientific Research 21 (4), 669-674. DOI: 10.5829/idosi.mejsr.2014.21.04.82403
  • Bishop, S., Catley, A., Sheik, H. (2008). Livestock and livelihoods in protracted crisis: The case of southern Somalia. elief, 127. https://www.fao.org/3/i6637e/i6637e.pdf
  • Castiello, M., Innocente, S., Wamalwa, K., Munyua, S., Matete, G., Njue, S. (2011). Sustainable livelihood: potential role and quality assurance of camel export trade in Somalia. Scientific Reports, 1, 227. http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/scientificreports.227
  • Cecchi, G., Wint, W., Shaw, A., Marletta, A., Mattioli, R., Robinson, T. (2010). Geographic distribution and environmental characterization of livestock production systems in Eastern Africa. Agriculture, Ecosystems & Environment, 135(1-2), 98-110. DOI : 10.1016/j.agee.2009.08.011
  • Conway, D., Allison, E., Felstead, R., Goulden, M. (2005). Rainfall variability in East Africa: implications for natural resources management and livelihoods. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society A: Mathematical, Physical and Engineering Sciences, 363(1826), 49-54. DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2004.1475
  • De Waal, A. (2007). Class and power in a stateless Somalia. Social Science Research Council, 20, 1-14. https://items.ssrc.org/crisis-in-the-horn-of-africa/class-and-power-in-a-stateless-somalia/
  • Desta, A. H. (2016). Pastoralism and the issue of zoonoses in Ethiopia. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare, 6(7), 21-27. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/303041802_Pastoralism_and_the_Issue_of_Zoonoses_in_Ethiopia
  • Elmi, A. (1989). Management, foraging behavior, diet composition and forage quality of free-ranging but herded camels in CeelDheer District, Central Somalia. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/6449/
  • Elmi, A. (1991). Livestock production in Somalia with special emphasis on camels. Nomadic Peoples, 87-103. https://www.jstor.org/stable/43123342#metadata_info_tab_contents
  • Elmi, OE. (2021). Hayvansal üretimin önemi ve Somali ekonomisine katkisi, Galgadud bölgesi örneği. Selçuk Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Entitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi. Konya, Türkiye.
  • Farah, K., Nyariki, D., Ngugi, R., Noor, I., Guliye, A. (2004). The Somali and the camel: Ecology, management and economics. The Anthropologist, 6(1), 45-55. https://doi.org/10.1080/09720073.2004.11890828
  • Farah, Z., Mollet, M., Younan, M., Dahir, R. (2007). Camel dairy in Somalia: Limiting factors and development potential. Livestock Science, 110(1-2), 187-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2006.12.010
  • Farm-Africa, T. (1996). Goat Types of Ethiopia and Eritrea Physical description and management systems. In: FARM-Africa International Livestock Research Institute. http://publication.eiar.gov.et:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/1544
  • Fereja, G. (2016). Characterization of African goat production and productivites: the case of Ethiopia: a review. Glob J Sci Front Res, 16, 1-11. https://journalofscience.org/index.php/GJSFR/article/view/1829
  • Gezahegn, A. (2006). Characterization of rangeland resources and dynamics of the pastoral production systems in the Somali region of eastern Ethiopia. University of the Free State, http://publication.eiar.gov.et:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/1801
  • Headey, D., Taffesse, A., You, L. (2014). Diversification and development in pastoralist Ethiopia. World Development, 56, 200-213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.worlddev.2013.10.015
  • Kassahun, A. (2006). Characterization of rangeland resources and dynamics of the pastoral production systems in the Somali region of eastern Ethiopia. University of the Free State, http://publication.eiar.gov.et:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/1801
  • Kassahun, A., Snyman, H., Smit, G. (2008). Impact of rangeland degradation on the pastoral production systems, livelihoods and perceptions of the Somali pastoralists in Eastern Ethiopia. Journal of Arid Environments, 72(7), 1265-1281. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0140196308000050
  • Kiliç, T. (2014). Karacadağ’da Göçebe Hayvancilik ve Göçerler. Fırat Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 24(2), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.18069/fusbed.34839
  • Maystadt, J. F., Ecker, O. (2014). Extreme weather and civil war: Does drought fuel conflict in Somalia through livestock price shocks? American Journal of Agricultural Economics, 96(4), 1157-1182. https://doi.org/10.1093/ajae/aau010
  • Mekasha, A., Gerard, B., Tesfaye, K., Nigatu, L., Duncan., A. J. (2014). Inter-connection between land use/land cover change and herders’/farmers’ livestock feed resource management strategies: a case study from three Ethiopian eco-environments. Agriculture, ecosystems & environment, 188, 150-162. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.agee.2014.02.022
  • Muchiri, P. (2007). Climate of Somalia. https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=SO2009100006
  • Mugunieri, G., Mtimet, N., Enock, K., Costagli, R., Gulaid, I. (2015). Saudi Arabia end-market requirements and the implications for Somaliland livestock exports: ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD). https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/132685427.pdf
  • Mugunieri, L. G., Costagli R., Abdulle, M., Osman, I., Omore, A. O. (2012). Improvement and diversification of Somali livestock trade and marketing: Towards a formalized grading system for export quality livestock in Somalia. ILRI Discussion Paper. https://agris.fao.org/agris-search/search.do?recordID=QT2016106824
  • Muigai, A., Matete, G., Aden, H., Tapio, M., Okeyo, A., Marshall, K. (2016). The indigenous farm genetic resources of Somalia: preliminary phenotypic and genotypic characterization of cattle, sheep and goats: ILRI (aka ILCA and ILRAD). https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/132683417.pdf
  • Muigai, A. W., Hanotte, O. (2013). The origin of African sheep: archaeological and genetic perspectives. African Archaeological Review, 30(1), 39-50. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10437-013-9129-0
  • Musa, A. M., Wasonga. O. V., Mtimet, N. (2020). Factors influencing livestock export in Somaliland’s terminal markets. Pastoralism, 10(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13570-019-0155-7
  • Opio, P., Makkar, S., Tibbo, M., Ahmed, S., Sebsibe, A., Osman, M., Munyua, S., (2020). Regional Animal Feed Action Plan for East Africa: why, what, for whom, how used and benefits. CAB Reviews, 7(044), 1-16.
  • Pande, R. S. (2009). Status of rangeland resources and strategies for improvements in Nepal. CAB Reviews: Perspectives in Agriculture, Veterinary Science, Nutrition and Natural Resources, 4(047), 1-11.
  • Parlak, A., Hayrettin, E. (2006). Bazı yapay mera karışımlarında ekim yöntemleri ve azot dozlarının fide gelişmesine etkileri. Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 12(02), 203-209. https://doi.org/10.1501/Tarimbil_0000000480
  • Rege, J., Tawah, C. (1999). The state of African cattle genetic resources II. Geographical distribution, characteristics and uses of present-day breeds and strains. Animal Genetic Resources Information, 26, 1-25. doi:10.1017/S1014233900001152
  • Rembold, F., Oduori, S., Gadain, H., Toselli, P. (2013). Mapping charcoal driven forest degradation during the main period of Al Shabaab control in Southern Somalia. Energy for Sustainable Development, 17(5), 510-514. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1020&context=hprccnews
  • Umphlett, N., Mamood, R., Flanagan, P., Brown, E., Rush, G., Stiles, C. J. (2019). The Prairie Post Quarterly Newsletter of the High Plains Regional Climate Center-July 2019. https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1020&context=hprccnews
  • Unruh, J. D. (1991). Nomadic pastoralism and irrigated agriculture in Somalia. GeoJournal, 25(1), 91-108. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00179776
  • Unruh, J. (1995). The relationship between indigenous pastoralist resource tenure and state tenure in Somalia. GeoJournal, 36(1), 19-26. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00812523
  • White, D. H., Lubulwa G. A., Menz, K., Zuo, H., Wint, W., Slingenbergh, J. (2001). Agro-climatic classification systems for estimating the global distribution of livestock numbers and commodities. Environment international, 27(2-3), 181-187. doi: 10.1016/s0160-4120(01)00080-0. PMID: 11697667.
  • Wilson, T. (2016). Economic recovery in Somalia. Bildhaan: An International Journal of Somali Studies, 15(1), 9. https://digitalcommons.macalester.edu/bildhaan/vol15/iss1/9/
  • Yohannes Mehari, Z., Gebru, G. (2007). Potentials of camel production in Babilie and Kebribeyah wore-das of the Jijiga zone, Somali region, Ethiopia. ESAP Proceedings. http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd19/4/meha19058.htm
  • Zampieri, M., Ceglar, A., Dentener, F., Dosio, A., Naumann, G., Van, Den Berg, M., Toreti, A. (2019). When will current climate extremes affecting maize production become the norm? Earth's Future, 7(2), 113-122. https://doi.org/10.1029/2018EF000995
  • Zerga, B., Workineh, B., Teketay, Dç, Woldetsadik, M. (2018). Rangeland degradation and rehabilitation efforts in the Somali national regional state, eastern Ethiopia: A Review. international journal of innovative research and development, 7(5). DOI: 10.24940/ijird/2018/v7/i5/MAY18026
There are 43 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Veterinary Sciences
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Abdinasir Hassan Mohamud 0000-0002-2886-2388

Burak Mat 0000-0002-0455-8736

Mustafa Bahadır Çevrimli 0000-0001-5888-242X

Publication Date December 26, 2022
Submission Date November 4, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 1 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Mohamud, A. H., Mat, B., & Çevrimli, M. B. (2022). Economic development opportunities and general structure of livestock production in Somalia. Antakya Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, 1(1), 23-32.