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Tanenler: Silajlarda ve Hayvan Besleme Uygulamalarında Kullanımı

Year 2022, Volume: 11 Issue: Supplement 1 - Veterinary Pharmacology Congress Special Issue, 64 - 73, 01.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.53424/balikesirsbd.1150298

Abstract

Amaç: Bu derleme günümüz hayvancılığında yaygın olarak kullanılan silajların bozulmasını önlemek için kullanılan katkı maddelerine farklı bir alternatif olarak tanen kullanımının fermentasyon kalitesi ve hayvan besleme üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Tanenler, polifenolik bileşikler olup mazı, meşe, kestane, kolza, bakla ve sorgum gibi yemlerde bulunabilen karakteristik koku, buruk tadı, sarıdan beyaza farklı renklerde doğal bileşiklerdir. Milattan önce 1500 yılından günümüze tıptan gıdaya kadar çeşitli alanlarda kullanılmışlardır. Antidiyaretik, antiseptik, antihelmintik etkileri dışında en bilinen özelliği proteinlerle bileşik oluşturmasıdır. Silolanacak yemin protein/su oranının yüksek olması silolamayı zorlaştırmakta ve fermentasyonu olumsuz etkilemektedir. Yüksek protein, proteolizis nedeniyle silajlarda laktik asit oluşumunu azaltacak ve istenilen pH değerine ulaşılamayacaktır. Tanenlerin proteinler ile bileşik oluşturarak silajlarda proteolizisi önleyebileceği ve proteinlere by-pass özellik kazandırabileceği düşünülmektedir. Böylelikle rumeni geçen proteinler ince bağırsakta sindirilerek yararlanımı artacaktır. Ayrıca ruminantların ürettiği metan gazı canlının brüt enerjiden kayıp oluşturmakta ve sera gazıyla küresel ısınmaya katkıda bulunmaktadır. Tanenler, metan gazının azaltılması ve atılan amonyağın bertaraf edilmesinde kullanılabilecek bir alternatif olarak düşünülmektedir. Sonuç: Silajlarda tanen kullanımı, özellikle yüksek proteinli yemlerin silolanmasını kolaylaştırabilir, kalitesini artırabilir hayvanların besin madde ihtiyaçları daha iyi karşılanabilir. Kaba yemlerin saklama koşullarını iyileştirebilir. Tanen içeren yemleri tüketen hayvanların metan üretimi azaltılarak yenilikçi bir beslenme yöntemi sağlanabilir. Amonyağın bertaraf edilmesinde doğal bir yaklaşım olabilir.

References

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The Usage of Tannins to Silages and Animal Nutrition Practices

Year 2022, Volume: 11 Issue: Supplement 1 - Veterinary Pharmacology Congress Special Issue, 64 - 73, 01.12.2022
https://doi.org/10.53424/balikesirsbd.1150298

Abstract

Objective: This review was made to determine the effects of using tannin on the fermentation quality and animal nutrition as a different alternative to the additives used to prevent the spoilage of silages, which are widely used in today's livestock. Tannins are polyphenolic compounds and are natural compounds with a characteristic odor, acrid taste, and different colors from yellow to white, which can be found in feeds such as gallnut, oak, chestnut, rapeseed, broad bean and sorghum. They have been used in various fields from medicine to food since 1500 BC. Apart from its antidiarrheal, antiseptic and anthelmintic effects, its most well-known feature is that it forms compounds with proteins. The high protein/water presence of the feed to be ensiled makes ensiling difficult and affects fermentation negatively. High protein will reduce lactic acid formation in silages due to proteolysis and the desired pH value will not be reached. It is thought that tannins can form compounds with proteins and prevent proteolysis in silages and provide by-pass properties to proteins. Thus, the proteins that pass through the rumen will be digested in the small intestine and their utilization will increase. In addition, methane gas produced by ruminants causes loss of gross energy and contributes to global warming with greenhouse gas. Tannins are considered as an alternative to reduce methane gas and dispose of waste ammonia. Conclusion: The use of tannin in silages can facilitate the ensiling of high protein feeds, increase their quality, and meet the nutrient needs of animals better. It can improve the storage conditions of roughage. An innovative feeding method can be provided by reducing the methane production of animals that consume tannin-containing feeds. It can be a natural approach to the disposal of ammonia

References

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  • Akiyama, H., Fujii, K., Yamasaki, O., Oono, T., ve Iwatsuki, K. (2001). Antibacterial action of several tannins against Staphylococcus aureus. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 48(4), 487–491. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/48.4.487
  • Aydın, A., ve Üstün, F. (2007). Tanenler. Kimyasal yapıları, farmakolojik etkileri, analiz yöntemleri. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 33(1), 21–31.
  • Azman, M. A. (2017). The effect of the acorn supplementation on alfalfa siage fermentation. Balıkesır Health Sciences Journal, 6(3), 118–131. https://doi.org/10.5505/bsbd.2017.40855
  • Barry, T. N., ve McNabb, W. C. (1999). The implications of condensed tannins on the nutritive value of temperate forages fed to ruminants. British Journal of Nutrition, 81(4), 263–272. https://doi.org/10.1017/s0007114599000501
  • Beauchemin, K. A., Kreuzer, M., O’Mara, F., ve McAllister, T. A. (2008). Nutritional management for enteric methane abatement: A review. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture, 48(1–2), 21–27. https://doi.org/10.1071/EA07199
  • Beck, M. R., Al-Marashdeh, O., ve Gregorini, P. (2019). Low levels of a seaweed (Ecklonia radiata) extract alter in vitro fermentation products but not in combination with quebracho (Schinopsis quebracho-colorado) tannins. Applied Animal Science, 35(5), 476–481. https://doi.org/10.15232/aas.2019-01892
  • Bergström, A. K., ve Jansson, M. (2006). Atmospheric nitrogen deposition has caused nitrogen enrichment and eutrophication of lakes in the northern hemisphere. Global Change Biology, 12(4), 635–643. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2006.01129.x
  • Bhat, T. K., Singh, B., ve Sharma, O. P. (1998). Microbial degradation of tannins - A current perspective. Biodegradation, 9(5), 343–357. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1008397506963
  • Bolsen, K., Ashbell, G., ve Weinberg, Z. (1996). Silage fermentation and silage additives. Asian‐Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 9(5), 483–493. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.5713/ajas.1996.483
  • Carpintero, C., Henderson, A., ve McDonald, P. (1979). The effect of some pre‐treatments on proteolysis during the ensiling of herbage. Grass and Forage Science, 34(4), 311–315. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2494.1979.tb01483.x
  • Chen, L., Bao, X., Guo, G., Huo, W., Li, Q., Xu, Q., Wang, C., ve Liu, Q. (2022). Evaluation of gallnut tannin and Lactobacillus plantarum as natural modifiers for alfalfa silage: Ensiling characteristics, in vitro ruminal methane production, fermentation profile and microbiota. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 132(2), 907–918. https://doi.org/10.1111/jam.15246
  • Coblentz, W. K., ve Akins, M. S. (2018). Silage review: Recent advances and future technologies for baled silages. Journal of Dairy Science, 101(5), 4075–4092. https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2017-13708
  • D’Mello, J. P. F., Duffus, C. M., ve Duffus, J. H. (1991). Toxic Substances in Crop Plants. In Toxic Substances in Crop Plants. https://doi.org/10.1533/9781845698454
  • Deaville, E. R., Givens, D. I., ve Mueller-Harvey, I. (2010). Chestnut and mimosa tannin silages: Effects in sheep differ for apparent digestibility, nitrogen utilisation and losses. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 157(3–4), 129–138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.02.007
  • Dijkstra, J., Oenema, O., van Groenigen, J. W., Spek, J. W., van Vuuren, A. M., ve Bannink, A. (2013). Diet effects on urine composition of cattle and N2O emissions. Animal : An International Journal of Animal Bioscience, 7 Suppl 2, 292–302. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731113000578
  • Erisman, J. W., Bleeker, A., Hensen, A., ve Vermeulen, A. (2008). Agricultural air quality in Europe and the future perspectives. Atmospheric Environment, 42(14), 3209–3217. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.atmosenv.2007.04.004
  • Getachew, G., Depeters, E. J., Pittroff, W., Putnam, D. H., ve Dandekar, A. M. (2006). Does protein in alfalfa need protection from rumen microbes? Professional Animal Scientist, 22(5), 364–373. https://doi.org/10.15232/S1080-7446(15)31129-3
  • Goel, G., Puniya, A. K., Aguilar, C. N., ve Singh, K. (2005). Interaction of gut microflora with tannins in feeds. Naturwissenschaften, 92(11), 497–503. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00114-005-0040-7
  • Gronwald, M., Helfrich, M., Don, A., Fuß, R., Well, R., ve Flessa, H. (2018). Application of hydrochar and pyrochar to manure is not effective for mitigation of ammonia emissions from cattle slurry and poultry manure. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 54(4), 451–465. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00374-018-1273-x
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Derlemeler
Authors

Oğuz Koray Bacaksız 0000-0002-4139-0899

Mehmet Ali Azman 0000-0001-9281-9520

Publication Date December 1, 2022
Submission Date July 28, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 11 Issue: Supplement 1 - Veterinary Pharmacology Congress Special Issue

Cite

APA Bacaksız, O. K., & Azman, M. A. (2022). Tanenler: Silajlarda ve Hayvan Besleme Uygulamalarında Kullanımı. Balıkesir Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 11(Supplement 1), 64-73. https://doi.org/10.53424/balikesirsbd.1150298

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