Research Article
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Seroprevalence of Canine Toxoplasmosis in Konya province, Turkey

Year 2021, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 23 - 28, 31.12.2021

Firas Alali Ferda Sevinç Onur Ceylan

Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii is a parasitic intracellular protozoan that causes toxoplasmosis in dogs and can infect a variety hosts in the environment. The current study was conducted in Konya province, Turkey, to detect T. gondii infection in shelter dogs. Between July 2017 and July 2018, 334 plasma samples were taken from dogs of both genders (males and females) aged 0-1 and 1-3 years. The samples were examined using ELISA to identify T. gondii-specific antibodies in plasma using recombinant TgSAG2. Anti-T. gondii antibodies were detected in 33.8% of the dogs in the study. Males and females had a seroprevalence of 40.3% and 30%, respectively. No statistically significant difference was observed between the genders. There was also no substantial difference across age groups. Seropositivity rate was 21.4% in 0-1 year old dogs and 34.3% in 1-3 year old dogs. In animals exhibiting clinical symptoms, the seropositivity rate was found to be 36% (22/61). A statistically significant difference was also not found in the infection rates in new and old entry dogs.

Keywords

ELISA Shelter dogs Serology Turkey

Supporting Institution

This research was a part of PhD thesis of the Firas ALALI/Konya-2019, under the project number/17102030, supported by Selcuk University Scientific Research Projects Coordination (BAP) and Iraqi Ministry of Higher Education and Scientific Research (MOHESR).

Project Number

17102030

References

  • 1. Dubey JP. Toxoplasma gondii infections in chickens (Gallus domesticus): prevalence, clinical disease, diagnosis, and public health significance. Zoonoses and Public Health 2010; 57: 60-73. doi:10.1111/j.1863-2378.2009.01274.x.
  • 2. Tenter AM, Heckeroth AR, Weiss LM. Toxoplasma gondii: from animals to humans. International Journal of Parasitology 2000; 30: 1217-1258. doi:10.1016/S0020-7519(00)00124-7.
  • 3. Lindsay DS, Dubey JP, Butler JM, Blagburn BL. Mechanical transmission of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts by dogs. Vet Parasitol 1997; 73 (1-2): 27-33. doi:10.1016/S0304-4017(97)00048-4.
  • 4. Dubey JP, Huong LT, Sundar N, Su C. Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates in dogs from Vietnam suggests their South American origin. Veterinary Parasitology 2007; 146: 347-351. doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.03.008.
  • 5. Dubey JP, Beattie CP. Toxoplasmosis of animals and man. Fifth Edition. The United States. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press Inc,1988; pp.1-220.
  • 6. Akçay S, Pamukçu M, Baran S. Bir köpekte ilk toxoplasmose observasyonu. Türk Veteriner Hekimler Derneği Dergisi 1950; 20: 245-254. (article in Turkish with an English abstract). 7. Lebrun M, Carruthers VB, Cesbron-Delauw MF. Toxoplasma secretory proteins and their roles in cell invasion and intracellular survival. Eds: Weiss LM, Kim K, 1st ed. In: Toxoplasma gondii: the model apicomplexan-perspectives and methods. United Kingdom: Academic Press, 2014; pp. 389-453.
  • 8. Lekutis C, Ferguson DJP, Grigg ME, Camps M, Boothroyd JC. Surface antigens of Toxoplasma gondii: variations on a theme. International Journal of Parasitology 2001; 31: 1285-1292. doi:10.1016/S0020-7519(01)00261-2.
  • 9. Cong H, Zhang M, Zhang Q, Gong J, Cong H, et al. Analysis of structures and epitopes of surface antigen glycoproteins expressed in bradyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii. BioMed Research International 2013; 2013:1-9. doi:10.1155/2013/165342.
  • 10. Liyanage KLD, Wiethoelter A, Hufschmid J, Jabbar A. Descriptive Comparison of ELISAs for the Detection of Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Animals: A Systematic Review. Pathogens 2021; 10: 605. doi:10.3390/pathogens10050605.
  • 11. Sudan V, Tewari AK, Singh H. Detection of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in Indian cattle by recombinant SAG2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Acta Parasitologica 2019; 64: 148-151.‏ doi:10.2478/s11686-018-00016-6.
  • 12. Kotresha D, Rahmah N. Recombinant proteins in the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. APMIS 2010; 118: 529-542. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0463.2010.02629.x.
  • 13. Zhou M, Cao S, Sevinc F, Sevinc M, Ceylan O, et al. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using recombinant TgSAG2 and NcSAG1 to detect Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum-specific antibodies in domestic animals in Turkey. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78: 1877-1881. doi:10.1292/jvms.16-0234.
  • 14. Dubey JP. Toxoplasmosis in cats and dogs. World Small Animal Veterinary Association World Congress Proceedings. May, 11-14, 2005; Mexico city- Mexico.
  • 15. Ali CN, Harris JA, Watkins JD, Adesiyun AA. Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in dogs in Trinidad and Tobago. Veterinary Parasitology 2003; 113: 179-187. doi:10.1016/S0304-4017(03)00075-X.
  • 16. Yan C, Fu LL, Yue CL, Tang RX, Liu YS, et al. Stray dogs as indicators of Toxoplasma gondii distributed in the environment: the first report across an urban-rural gradient in China. Parasites and Vectors 2012; 5: 1-5. doi:10.1186/1756-3305-5-5.
  • 17. Jiang HH, Li MW, Xu MJ, Cong W, Zhu XQ. Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in dogs in Zhanjiang, Southern China. Korean J Parasitol 2015; 53 (4): 493-496. doi:10.3347/kjp.2015.53.4.493.
  • 18. Jiang W, Wang Y, Liu Y, Li T, Chen Y, et al. Seroepidemiological study of canine Leishmania infantum and Toxoplasma gondii infections in Shanghai, China, and analysis of risk factors. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine 2016; 23: 420-24. doi:10.5604/12321966.1219180.
  • 19. Liu Q, Wang ZD, Huang SY, Zhu XQ. Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis and typing of Toxoplasma gondii. Parasites and Vectors 2015; 8: 1-14. doi:10.1186/s13071-015-0902-6.
  • 20. Zarra-Nezhad F, Borujeni MP, Mosallanejad B, Hamidinejat H. A seroepidemiological survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection in referred dogs to Veterinary Hospital of Ahvaz, Iran. International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine 2017; 5: 148-151. doi:10.1016/j.ijvsm.2017.08.006.
  • 21. Rengifo-Herrera C, Pile E, García A, Pérez A, Pérez D, et al . Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in domestic pets from metropolitan regions of Panama. Parasite 2017; 24:1-6. doi:10.1051/parasite/2017009.
  • 22. Hill D, Dubey JP. Toxoplasma gondii: transmission, diagnosis and prevention. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2002; 8: 634-640.‏ doi:10.1046/j.1469-0691.2002.00485.x.
  • 23. Oliveira TS, Turchetti AP, Barbosa FB, Bicalho AL, Alencar CA, et al. Cutaneous toxoplasmosis in an immunosuppressed dog. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 2014; 66: 797-800. doi:10.1590/1678-41626891.
  • 24. Aslan G, Altıntaş K. Toksoplazmosis teşhisinde Sabin-Feldman testi ve ELISA IgM antikorlarının karşılaştırılması. Genel Tıp Dergisi 2000; 10: 161-164. (article in Turkish with an English abstract).
  • 25. De Brito AF, Souza LC, Silva AV, Langoni H. Epidemiological and serological aspects in canine toxoplasmosis in animals with nervous symptoms. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2002; 97: 31-35. doi:10.1590/S0074-02762002000100003.
  • 26. Dantas-Torres F. Biology and ecology of the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Parasites and Vectors 2010; 3: 1-11. doi:10.1186/1756-3305-3-26.
  • 27. Langoni H, Matteucci G, Medici B, Camossi LG, Richini-Pereira VB, et al. Detection and molecular analysis of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum from dogs with neurological disorders. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 2012; 45: 365-368. doi:10.1590/S0037-86822012000300016.
  • 28. Koc S, Aydın L, Cetin H. Tick species (Acari: Ixodida) in Antalya City, Turkey: species diversity and seasonal activity. Parasitology Research 2015; 114: 2581-2586.‏ doi:10.1007/s00436-015-4462-7.
  • 29. Frenkel JK, Lindsay DS, Parker BB, Dobesh M. Dogs as possible mechanical carriers of Toxoplasma, and their fur is a source of infection in young children. International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2003; 7: 292-300. doi:10.1016/s1201-9712(03)90112-3. 30. Yang N, Mu M, Li H, Hu J, Gao W, et al. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pet dogs in Shenyang, northeastern China. Journal of Parasitology 2013; 99: 176-177. doi:10.1645/GE-3211.1.
  • 31. Zhuo X, Sun H, Zhang Z, Luo J, Shan Y, et al. Development and application of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant MAG1 for serodiagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii in dogs. Journal of Parasitology 2017; 103: 237-242.‏ doi:10.1645/16-89.
  • 32. Calero-Bernal R, Gennari SM. Clinical toxoplasmosis in dogs and cats: an update. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2019; 6:1-9. ‏ doi:10.3389/fvets.2019.00054.
  • 33. Oncel T, Handemir E, Kamburgil K,Yurtalan S. Determination of seropositivity for Toxoplasma gondii in stray dogs in Istanbul, Turkey. Revue de Médecine Vétérinaire 2007; 158: 223-228. ‏ 34. Kilic S, Babür C, Özkan AT, Mamak N. Investigation of anti-Toxoplasma gondii and anti-Leishmania infantum antibodies among Sivas Kangal Dogs. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 2008; 32: 299-304.‏ (article in Turkish with an English abstract).

Türkiye’nin Konya İlindeki Köpeklerde Toxoplasmosisin Seroprevalansı

Year 2021, Volume: 2 Issue: 2, 23 - 28, 31.12.2021

Firas Alali Ferda Sevinç Onur Ceylan

Abstract

Toxoplasma gondii köpeklerde toksoplazmozise neden olan ve farklı konakları da enfekte edebilen hücre içi bir protozoon parazittir. Bu çalışma Konya ilinde barınak köpeklerinde T. gondii’nin seroprevalansını belirlemek amacıyla yürütüldü. Temmuz 2017-Temmuz 2018 döneminde 0-1 ve 1-3 yaşlar arasındaki her iki cinsiyetteki köpeklerden toplam 334 plazma örneği toplandı. Plazma örnekleri spesifik T. gondii antikorlarını saptamak için rekombinant TgSAG2 tabanlı indirekt ELISA ile analiz edildi. Çalışmadaki köpeklerin %33,8’inde anti-T.gondii antikorları tespit edildi. Seroprevalans oranı erkek ve dişi köpeklerde sırasıyla %40,3 ve %30 olarak belirlendi. Cinsiyetler arasında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir fark gözlenmedi. Ayrıca yaş grupları arasında önemli bir fark yoktu. 0-1 yaşındaki köpeklerde seropozitiflik oranı %21,4 ve 1-3 yaşındaki köpeklerde ise %34,3 olarak tespit edildi. Klinik semptom gösteren hayvanlarda seropozitiflik oranı %36 (22/61) olarak belirlendi. Yeni ve eski girişli köpeklerdeki enfeksiyon oranlarında da istatistiksel olarak anlamlı farklılık saptanmadı.

Keywords

ELISA Barınak köpeği Seroloji Türkiye

Project Number

17102030

References

  • 1. Dubey JP. Toxoplasma gondii infections in chickens (Gallus domesticus): prevalence, clinical disease, diagnosis, and public health significance. Zoonoses and Public Health 2010; 57: 60-73. doi:10.1111/j.1863-2378.2009.01274.x.
  • 2. Tenter AM, Heckeroth AR, Weiss LM. Toxoplasma gondii: from animals to humans. International Journal of Parasitology 2000; 30: 1217-1258. doi:10.1016/S0020-7519(00)00124-7.
  • 3. Lindsay DS, Dubey JP, Butler JM, Blagburn BL. Mechanical transmission of Toxoplasma gondii oocysts by dogs. Vet Parasitol 1997; 73 (1-2): 27-33. doi:10.1016/S0304-4017(97)00048-4.
  • 4. Dubey JP, Huong LT, Sundar N, Su C. Genetic characterization of Toxoplasma gondii isolates in dogs from Vietnam suggests their South American origin. Veterinary Parasitology 2007; 146: 347-351. doi:10.1016/j.vetpar.2007.03.008.
  • 5. Dubey JP, Beattie CP. Toxoplasmosis of animals and man. Fifth Edition. The United States. Boca Raton, Fla: CRC Press Inc,1988; pp.1-220.
  • 6. Akçay S, Pamukçu M, Baran S. Bir köpekte ilk toxoplasmose observasyonu. Türk Veteriner Hekimler Derneği Dergisi 1950; 20: 245-254. (article in Turkish with an English abstract). 7. Lebrun M, Carruthers VB, Cesbron-Delauw MF. Toxoplasma secretory proteins and their roles in cell invasion and intracellular survival. Eds: Weiss LM, Kim K, 1st ed. In: Toxoplasma gondii: the model apicomplexan-perspectives and methods. United Kingdom: Academic Press, 2014; pp. 389-453.
  • 8. Lekutis C, Ferguson DJP, Grigg ME, Camps M, Boothroyd JC. Surface antigens of Toxoplasma gondii: variations on a theme. International Journal of Parasitology 2001; 31: 1285-1292. doi:10.1016/S0020-7519(01)00261-2.
  • 9. Cong H, Zhang M, Zhang Q, Gong J, Cong H, et al. Analysis of structures and epitopes of surface antigen glycoproteins expressed in bradyzoites of Toxoplasma gondii. BioMed Research International 2013; 2013:1-9. doi:10.1155/2013/165342.
  • 10. Liyanage KLD, Wiethoelter A, Hufschmid J, Jabbar A. Descriptive Comparison of ELISAs for the Detection of Toxoplasma gondii Antibodies in Animals: A Systematic Review. Pathogens 2021; 10: 605. doi:10.3390/pathogens10050605.
  • 11. Sudan V, Tewari AK, Singh H. Detection of antibodies against Toxoplasma gondii in Indian cattle by recombinant SAG2 enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Acta Parasitologica 2019; 64: 148-151.‏ doi:10.2478/s11686-018-00016-6.
  • 12. Kotresha D, Rahmah N. Recombinant proteins in the diagnosis of toxoplasmosis. APMIS 2010; 118: 529-542. doi:10.1111/j.1600-0463.2010.02629.x.
  • 13. Zhou M, Cao S, Sevinc F, Sevinc M, Ceylan O, et al. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays using recombinant TgSAG2 and NcSAG1 to detect Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum-specific antibodies in domestic animals in Turkey. J Vet Med Sci 2016; 78: 1877-1881. doi:10.1292/jvms.16-0234.
  • 14. Dubey JP. Toxoplasmosis in cats and dogs. World Small Animal Veterinary Association World Congress Proceedings. May, 11-14, 2005; Mexico city- Mexico.
  • 15. Ali CN, Harris JA, Watkins JD, Adesiyun AA. Seroepidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in dogs in Trinidad and Tobago. Veterinary Parasitology 2003; 113: 179-187. doi:10.1016/S0304-4017(03)00075-X.
  • 16. Yan C, Fu LL, Yue CL, Tang RX, Liu YS, et al. Stray dogs as indicators of Toxoplasma gondii distributed in the environment: the first report across an urban-rural gradient in China. Parasites and Vectors 2012; 5: 1-5. doi:10.1186/1756-3305-5-5.
  • 17. Jiang HH, Li MW, Xu MJ, Cong W, Zhu XQ. Prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in dogs in Zhanjiang, Southern China. Korean J Parasitol 2015; 53 (4): 493-496. doi:10.3347/kjp.2015.53.4.493.
  • 18. Jiang W, Wang Y, Liu Y, Li T, Chen Y, et al. Seroepidemiological study of canine Leishmania infantum and Toxoplasma gondii infections in Shanghai, China, and analysis of risk factors. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine 2016; 23: 420-24. doi:10.5604/12321966.1219180.
  • 19. Liu Q, Wang ZD, Huang SY, Zhu XQ. Diagnosis of toxoplasmosis and typing of Toxoplasma gondii. Parasites and Vectors 2015; 8: 1-14. doi:10.1186/s13071-015-0902-6.
  • 20. Zarra-Nezhad F, Borujeni MP, Mosallanejad B, Hamidinejat H. A seroepidemiological survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection in referred dogs to Veterinary Hospital of Ahvaz, Iran. International Journal of Veterinary Science and Medicine 2017; 5: 148-151. doi:10.1016/j.ijvsm.2017.08.006.
  • 21. Rengifo-Herrera C, Pile E, García A, Pérez A, Pérez D, et al . Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii in domestic pets from metropolitan regions of Panama. Parasite 2017; 24:1-6. doi:10.1051/parasite/2017009.
  • 22. Hill D, Dubey JP. Toxoplasma gondii: transmission, diagnosis and prevention. Clinical Microbiology and Infection 2002; 8: 634-640.‏ doi:10.1046/j.1469-0691.2002.00485.x.
  • 23. Oliveira TS, Turchetti AP, Barbosa FB, Bicalho AL, Alencar CA, et al. Cutaneous toxoplasmosis in an immunosuppressed dog. Arquivo Brasileiro de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia 2014; 66: 797-800. doi:10.1590/1678-41626891.
  • 24. Aslan G, Altıntaş K. Toksoplazmosis teşhisinde Sabin-Feldman testi ve ELISA IgM antikorlarının karşılaştırılması. Genel Tıp Dergisi 2000; 10: 161-164. (article in Turkish with an English abstract).
  • 25. De Brito AF, Souza LC, Silva AV, Langoni H. Epidemiological and serological aspects in canine toxoplasmosis in animals with nervous symptoms. Mem Inst Oswaldo Cruz 2002; 97: 31-35. doi:10.1590/S0074-02762002000100003.
  • 26. Dantas-Torres F. Biology and ecology of the brown dog tick, Rhipicephalus sanguineus. Parasites and Vectors 2010; 3: 1-11. doi:10.1186/1756-3305-3-26.
  • 27. Langoni H, Matteucci G, Medici B, Camossi LG, Richini-Pereira VB, et al. Detection and molecular analysis of Toxoplasma gondii and Neospora caninum from dogs with neurological disorders. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical 2012; 45: 365-368. doi:10.1590/S0037-86822012000300016.
  • 28. Koc S, Aydın L, Cetin H. Tick species (Acari: Ixodida) in Antalya City, Turkey: species diversity and seasonal activity. Parasitology Research 2015; 114: 2581-2586.‏ doi:10.1007/s00436-015-4462-7.
  • 29. Frenkel JK, Lindsay DS, Parker BB, Dobesh M. Dogs as possible mechanical carriers of Toxoplasma, and their fur is a source of infection in young children. International Journal of Infectious Diseases 2003; 7: 292-300. doi:10.1016/s1201-9712(03)90112-3. 30. Yang N, Mu M, Li H, Hu J, Gao W, et al. Seroprevalence of Toxoplasma gondii infection in pet dogs in Shenyang, northeastern China. Journal of Parasitology 2013; 99: 176-177. doi:10.1645/GE-3211.1.
  • 31. Zhuo X, Sun H, Zhang Z, Luo J, Shan Y, et al. Development and application of an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay using recombinant MAG1 for serodiagnosis of Toxoplasma gondii in dogs. Journal of Parasitology 2017; 103: 237-242.‏ doi:10.1645/16-89.
  • 32. Calero-Bernal R, Gennari SM. Clinical toxoplasmosis in dogs and cats: an update. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2019; 6:1-9. ‏ doi:10.3389/fvets.2019.00054.
  • 33. Oncel T, Handemir E, Kamburgil K,Yurtalan S. Determination of seropositivity for Toxoplasma gondii in stray dogs in Istanbul, Turkey. Revue de Médecine Vétérinaire 2007; 158: 223-228. ‏ 34. Kilic S, Babür C, Özkan AT, Mamak N. Investigation of anti-Toxoplasma gondii and anti-Leishmania infantum antibodies among Sivas Kangal Dogs. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 2008; 32: 299-304.‏ (article in Turkish with an English abstract).
There are 31 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Veterinary Sciences
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Firas Alali 0000-0002-3438-6453

Ferda Sevinç 0000-0001-5426-1685

Onur Ceylan 0000-0002-3514-5221

Project Number 17102030
Publication Date December 31, 2021
Submission Date October 18, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 2 Issue: 2

Cite

Vancouver Alali F, Sevinç F, Ceylan O. Seroprevalence of Canine Toxoplasmosis in Konya province, Turkey. Bozok Vet Sci. 2021;2(2):23-8.
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