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Effect of selected pesticides on the orientation of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae)

Year 2023, Volume: 47 Issue: 3 - Year: 2023 Volume: 47 Issue: 3, 339 - 349, 09.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1345508

Abstract

Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) play a crucial role in biological control, but they can be also applied together with pesticides. Therefore, the compatibility of pesticides with EPNs and the influence on their behavior significantly affect field success. This study investigated how selected pesticides (Deltamethrin, Imidacloprid, Pendimethalin, 2,4-D, and Boscalid + Pyraclostrobin) affect the orientation behavior of three commercial EPN species. Trials were conducted using steel olfactometers followed by the assessment of EPN dispersal ratios after 24 hours. The study was conducted in the Laboratory of the Plant Protection Department, Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Bilecik Şeyh Edebali University between 2022 and 2023. According to the results, while nearly all pesticides exhibited a significant impact on the dispersal behavior of EPNs, the most notable effects were observed in the trials involving 2,4-D and Imidacloprid. These two pesticides demonstrated both repellent and attractive effects on different EPN species. The impact of other pesticides was comparatively negligible. All EPN species exhibited higher orientation towards larvae than the control application. The orientation behavior displayed variations depending on the pesticide type and the EPN species involved. It is expected that this study will contribute to our understanding of the relationship between EPNs and pesticides, and ultimately enhancing the efficacy of EPNs.

Thanks

I would like to thank Osman Sepetçi and Mehmet Çankaya for their support.

References

  • Aioub, A. A. A., R. M. El-Ashry, A. S. Hashem, A. E. Elesawy & A. E. A. Elsobki, 2021. Compatibility of entomopathogenic nematodes with insecticides against the cabbage white butterfly, Pieris rapae L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 31 (1): 153.
  • Amizadeh, M., M. J. Hejazi, G. Niknam & G. Askari-Saryazdi, 2019. Interaction between the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema feltiae and selected chemical insecticides for management of the tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta. BioControl, 64 (6): 709-721.
  • Andaló, V., V. Santos, G. F. Moreira, C. Moreira, M. Freire & A. Moino Jr., 2012. Movement of Heterorhabditis amazonensis and Steinernema arenarium in search of corn fall armyworm larvae in artificial conditions. Scientia Agricola, 69 (3): 226-230.
  • Atwa, A. A., M. M. Shamseldean & F. A. Yonis, 2013. The effect of different pesticides on reproduction of entomopathogenic nematodes. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 37 (4): 493-502.
  • Bajc, N., U. Držaj, S. Trdan & Ž. Laznik, 2017. Compatibility of acaricides with entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema and Heterorhabditis). Nematology, 19 (8): 891-898.
  • Chavan, S., N. Somasekhar & G. Katti, 2018. Compatibility of entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis indica (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) with agrochemicals used in the rice ecosystem. Journal of Entomology & Zoology Studies, 6 (4): 527-532.
  • Fallet, P., D. Bazagwira, J. M. Guenat, C. Bustos-Segura, P. Karangwa, I. P. Mukundwa, J. Kajuga, T. Degen, S. Toepfer & T. C. J. Turlings, 2022. Laboratory and field trials reveal the potential of a gel formulation of entomopathogenic nematodes for the biological control of fall armyworm caterpillars (Spodoptera frugiperda). Biological Control, 176: 105086.
  • García del Pino, F. & M. Jové, 2005. Compatibility of entomopathogenic nematodes with fipronil. Journal of Helminthology, 79 (4): 333-337.
  • Gaugler, R. & J. F. Campbell, 1991. Behavioural response of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora to oxamyl. Annals of Applied Biology, 119 (1): 131-138.
  • Hara, A. H. & H. K. Kaya, 1982. Effects of selected insecticides and nematicides on the in vitro development of the entomogenous nematode Neoaplectana carpocapsae. Journal of Nematology, 14 (4): 486-91.
  • Hara, A. H. & H. K. Kaya, 1983. Toxicity of selected organophosphate and carbamate pesticides to infective juveniles of the entomogenous nematode Neoaplectana carpocapsae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae). Environmental Entomology, 12 (2): 496-501.
  • Ishibashi, N. & S. Takii, 1993. Effects of insecticides on movement, nictation, and infectivity of Steinernema carpocapsae. Journal of Nematology, 25 (2): 204-213.
  • Jaffuel, G., I. Sbaiti & T. C. J. Turlings, 2020. Encapsulated entomopathogenic nematodes can protect maize plants from Diabrotica balteata larvae. Insects, 11 (1): 27.
  • Kaplan, F., A. Perret-Gentil, J. Giurintano, G. Stevens, H. Erdogan, K. C. Schiller, A. Mirti, E. Sampson, C. Torres, J. Sun, E. E. Lewis & D. Shapiro-Ilan, 2020. Conspecific and heterospecific pheromones stimulate dispersal of entomopathogenic nematodes during quiescence. Scientific Reports, 10 (1): 5738.
  • Kaya, H. K. & R. Gaugler, 1993. Entomopathogenic nematodes. Annual Review of Entomology, 38 (1): 181-206.
  • Koppenhöfer, A. M., D. I. Shapiro-Ilan & I. Hiltpold, 2020. Entomopathogenic nematodes in sustainable food production. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 4 (125): 1-14.
  • Koppenhöfer, A. M., R. S. Cowles, E. A. Cowles, E. M. Fuzy & H. K. Kaya, 2003. Effect of neonicotinoid synergists on entomopathogenic nematode fitness. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 106 (1): 7-18.
  • Koppenhöfer, A. M., R. S. Cowles, E. A. Cowles, E. M. Fuzy & L. Baumgartner, 2002. Comparison of neonicotinoid insecticides as synergists for entomopathogenic nematodes. Biological Control, 24 (1): 90-97.
  • Kwizera, V. & I. A. Susurluk, 2017. Evaluation of the effects of some insecticides based on neonicotinoids on entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema feltiae and S. carpocapsae. Invertebrate Survival Journal, 14 (1): 375-378.
  • Laznik, Ž. & S. Trdan, 2014. The influence of insecticides on the viability of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) under laboratory conditions. Pest Management Science, 70 (5): 784-789.
  • Laznik, Ž. & S. Trdan, 2017. The influence of herbicides on the viability of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae). International Journal of Pest Management, 63 (2): 105-111.
  • Mokrini, F., S. E. Laasli, Y. Benseddik, A. B. Joutei, A. Blenzar, H. Lakhal, M. Sbaghi, M. Imren, G. Özer, T. Paulitz, R. Lahlali & A. A. Dababat, 2020. Potential of Moroccan entomopathogenic nematodes for the control of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae). Scientific Reports, 10 (1): 19204.
  • Negrisoli, A. S., M. S. Garcia & C. R. C. Barbosa Negrisoli, 2010. Compatibility of entomopathogenic nematodes (Nematoda: Rhabditida) with registered insecticides for Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under laboratory conditions. Crop Protection, 29 (6): 545-549.
  • Oliveira-Hofman, C., F. Kaplan, G. Stevens, E. Lewis, S. Wu, H. T. Alborn, A. Perret-Gentil & D. I. Shapiro-Ilan, 2019. Pheromone extracts act as boosters for entomopathogenic nematodes efficacy. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 164: 38-42.
  • Özdemir, E., E. İnak, E. Evlice & Z. Laznik, 2020. Compatibility of entomopathogenic nematodes with pesticides registered in vegetable crops under laboratory conditions. Journal of Plant Diseases & Protection, 127 (4): 529-535.
  • Özdemir, E., E. İnak, E. Evlice, E. Yüksel, R. A. Delialioğlu & I. A. Susurluk, 2021. Effects of insecticides and synergistic chemicals on the efficacy of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) against Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Crop Protection, 144: 105605.
  • Patel, M. N. & D. J. Wright, 1996. The influence of neuroactive pesticides on the behaviour of entomopathogenic nematodes. Journal of Helminthology, 70 (1): 53-61.
  • Peters, A., 2013. Application and commercialization of nematodes. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 97 (14): 6181-6188.
  • Platt, T., N. F. Stokwe & A. P. Malan, 2020. A review of the potential use of entomopathogenic nematodes to control above-ground insect pests in South Africa. South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 41 (1): 1-16.
  • Radová, Š., 2011. Effects of selected pesticides on survival and virulence of two nematode species. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 20 (1): 181-185.
  • Rovesti, L., T. Fiorini, G. Bettini, E. W. Heinzpeter & F. Tagliente, 1990. Compatibility of Steinernema spp. and Heterorhabditis spp. with pesticides. Informatore Fitopatologico, 40 (9): 55-61.
  • Sabino, P. H. S., A. S. Negrisoli, V. Andaló, C. C. Filgueiras, A. Moino & F. S. Sales, 2019. Combined application of entomopathogenic nematodes and insecticides in the control of leaf-miner Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on tomato. Neotropical Entomology, 48 (2): 314-322.
  • Şahin, Y. S., A. Bouhari, T. C. Ulu, B. Sadıç & İ. A. Susurluk, 2018. New application method for entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar, 1976) (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) HBH strain against Locusta migratoria (Linnaeus, 1758) (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 42 (4): 305-312.
  • Shapiro-Ilan, D. I., F. Kaplan, C. Oliveira-Hofman, P. Schliekelman, H. T. Alborn & E. E. Lewis, 2019. Conspecific pheromone extracts enhance entomopathogenic infectivity. Journal of Nematology, 51 (1): 1-5.
  • Shapiro-Ilan, D. I., R. Han & C. Dolinksi, 2012. Entomopathogenic nematode production and application technology. Journal of Nematology, 44 (2): 206-217.
  • Susurluk, A. I., I. Ünlü & I. Kepenekci, 2003. Host finding behavior of two different Turkish isolates of entomopathogenic nematode species, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Poinar 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae). Turkish Journal of Biology, 27 (4): 203-207.
  • Susurluk, A. & R. U. Ehlers, 2008. Field persistence of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora in different crops. BioControl, 53 (4): 627-641.
  • Taşkesen, Y. E., E. Yüksel & R. Canhi̇lal, 2021. Field performance of entomopathogenic nematodes against the larvae of Zabrus spp. Clairville, 1806 (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Uluslararası Tarım ve Yaban Hayatı Bilimleri Dergisi, 7 (3): 429-437.
  • Ulu, T. C. & H. Erdoğan, 2023. Field application of encapsulated entomopathogenic nematodes using a precision planter. Biological Control, 182: 105240.
  • Ulu, T. C., B. Sadic & I. A. Susurluk, 2016. Effects of different pesticides on virulence and mortality of some entomopathogenic nematodes. Invertebrate Survival Journal, 13 (1): 111-115.
  • Ulu, T. C., H. Erdogan, K. R. Cruzado, B. Sadic & E. E. Lewis, 2022. “Conspecific and heterospecific dispersal effect of exometabolomes on some entomopathogenic nematode species, 130-130”. 61st Annual Meeting of Society of Nematologists, Anchorage, (26-29 September 2022, Alaska, USA), 143 pp.
  • Wright, D. J., A. Peters, S. Schroer & J. Fife, 2005. “Application Technology, 91-106”. In: Nematodes as Biocontrol Agents (Eds. P. S. Grewal, R. U. Ehlers & D. I. Shapiro-Ilan), Wallingford: CABI, 505 pp.
  • Yüksel, E., R. Canhi̇lal & M. İmren, 2019. Azadirachtin ve spinosadın bazı yerel entomopatojen nematod i̇zolatlarının canlılığı ve virülensliği üzerine etkileri. Uluslararası Tarım ve Yaban Hayatı Bilimleri Dergisi, 5 (2): 280-285 (in Turkish with abstract in English).
  • Zimmerman, R. J. & W. S. Cranshaw, 1990. Compatibility of three entomogenous nematodes (Rhabditida) in aqueous solutions of pesticides used in turfgrass maintenance. Journal of Economic Entomology, 83 (1): 97-100.

Bazı pestisitlerin entomopatojen nematodların (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae ve Steinernematidae) yönelimleri üzerine etkisi

Year 2023, Volume: 47 Issue: 3 - Year: 2023 Volume: 47 Issue: 3, 339 - 349, 09.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1345508

Abstract

Entomopatojen nematodlar (EPN’ler) önemli biyolojik mücadele ajanı olmalarına karşın pestisitler ile birlikte de uygulanabilmektedir. Bu nedenle, pestisitlerin EPN’ler ile uyumluluğu ve EPN davranışı üzerindeki etkisi arazi başarısını etkilemektedir. Bu çalışmada, beş pestisitin (Deltamethrin, Imidacloprid, Pendimetalin, 2,4-D ve Boscalid + Pyraclostrobin) üç ticari EPN türünün yönelim davranışını nasıl etkilediği araştırılmıştır. Denemeler, çelik olfaktometrelerde gerçekleştirilmiş ve 24 saatlik inkübasyon sonrasında EPN yayılma oranları belirlenmiştir. Çalışma 2022-2023 yılları arasında Bilecik Şeyh Edebali Üniversitesi Ziraat ve Doğa Bilimleri Fakültesi Bitki Koruma Bölümü Laboratuvarında gerçekleştirilmiştir. Neredeyse tüm pestisitler EPN yayılımı üzerinde önemli etki göstermiş, en farklı sonuçlar 2,4-D ve Imidacloprid denemelerinde tespit edilmiştir. Her iki pestisit de EPN türüne göre hem itici hem de çekici etkide bulunmuştur. Diğer pestisitlerin etkileri daha sınırlı kalmıştır. Tüm EPN türleri, kontrol uygulamasına kıyasla larvalara daha yüksek yönelim göstermiştir. Sonuçlar, EPN türlerine ve pestisitlere bağlı olarak yayılma oranlarında farklılıklar olduğunu göstermiştir. Bu çalışmanın EPN'ler ve pestisitler arasındaki ilişkiyi anlamaya ve EPN uygulama etkinliğini artırmaya katkı sağlayacağı beklenmektedir.

References

  • Aioub, A. A. A., R. M. El-Ashry, A. S. Hashem, A. E. Elesawy & A. E. A. Elsobki, 2021. Compatibility of entomopathogenic nematodes with insecticides against the cabbage white butterfly, Pieris rapae L. (Lepidoptera: Pieridae). Egyptian Journal of Biological Pest Control, 31 (1): 153.
  • Amizadeh, M., M. J. Hejazi, G. Niknam & G. Askari-Saryazdi, 2019. Interaction between the entomopathogenic nematode, Steinernema feltiae and selected chemical insecticides for management of the tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta. BioControl, 64 (6): 709-721.
  • Andaló, V., V. Santos, G. F. Moreira, C. Moreira, M. Freire & A. Moino Jr., 2012. Movement of Heterorhabditis amazonensis and Steinernema arenarium in search of corn fall armyworm larvae in artificial conditions. Scientia Agricola, 69 (3): 226-230.
  • Atwa, A. A., M. M. Shamseldean & F. A. Yonis, 2013. The effect of different pesticides on reproduction of entomopathogenic nematodes. Turkish Journal of Entomology, 37 (4): 493-502.
  • Bajc, N., U. Držaj, S. Trdan & Ž. Laznik, 2017. Compatibility of acaricides with entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema and Heterorhabditis). Nematology, 19 (8): 891-898.
  • Chavan, S., N. Somasekhar & G. Katti, 2018. Compatibility of entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis indica (Nematoda: Heterorhabditidae) with agrochemicals used in the rice ecosystem. Journal of Entomology & Zoology Studies, 6 (4): 527-532.
  • Fallet, P., D. Bazagwira, J. M. Guenat, C. Bustos-Segura, P. Karangwa, I. P. Mukundwa, J. Kajuga, T. Degen, S. Toepfer & T. C. J. Turlings, 2022. Laboratory and field trials reveal the potential of a gel formulation of entomopathogenic nematodes for the biological control of fall armyworm caterpillars (Spodoptera frugiperda). Biological Control, 176: 105086.
  • García del Pino, F. & M. Jové, 2005. Compatibility of entomopathogenic nematodes with fipronil. Journal of Helminthology, 79 (4): 333-337.
  • Gaugler, R. & J. F. Campbell, 1991. Behavioural response of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema carpocapsae and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora to oxamyl. Annals of Applied Biology, 119 (1): 131-138.
  • Hara, A. H. & H. K. Kaya, 1982. Effects of selected insecticides and nematicides on the in vitro development of the entomogenous nematode Neoaplectana carpocapsae. Journal of Nematology, 14 (4): 486-91.
  • Hara, A. H. & H. K. Kaya, 1983. Toxicity of selected organophosphate and carbamate pesticides to infective juveniles of the entomogenous nematode Neoaplectana carpocapsae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae). Environmental Entomology, 12 (2): 496-501.
  • Ishibashi, N. & S. Takii, 1993. Effects of insecticides on movement, nictation, and infectivity of Steinernema carpocapsae. Journal of Nematology, 25 (2): 204-213.
  • Jaffuel, G., I. Sbaiti & T. C. J. Turlings, 2020. Encapsulated entomopathogenic nematodes can protect maize plants from Diabrotica balteata larvae. Insects, 11 (1): 27.
  • Kaplan, F., A. Perret-Gentil, J. Giurintano, G. Stevens, H. Erdogan, K. C. Schiller, A. Mirti, E. Sampson, C. Torres, J. Sun, E. E. Lewis & D. Shapiro-Ilan, 2020. Conspecific and heterospecific pheromones stimulate dispersal of entomopathogenic nematodes during quiescence. Scientific Reports, 10 (1): 5738.
  • Kaya, H. K. & R. Gaugler, 1993. Entomopathogenic nematodes. Annual Review of Entomology, 38 (1): 181-206.
  • Koppenhöfer, A. M., D. I. Shapiro-Ilan & I. Hiltpold, 2020. Entomopathogenic nematodes in sustainable food production. Frontiers in Sustainable Food Systems, 4 (125): 1-14.
  • Koppenhöfer, A. M., R. S. Cowles, E. A. Cowles, E. M. Fuzy & H. K. Kaya, 2003. Effect of neonicotinoid synergists on entomopathogenic nematode fitness. Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata, 106 (1): 7-18.
  • Koppenhöfer, A. M., R. S. Cowles, E. A. Cowles, E. M. Fuzy & L. Baumgartner, 2002. Comparison of neonicotinoid insecticides as synergists for entomopathogenic nematodes. Biological Control, 24 (1): 90-97.
  • Kwizera, V. & I. A. Susurluk, 2017. Evaluation of the effects of some insecticides based on neonicotinoids on entomopathogenic nematodes, Steinernema feltiae and S. carpocapsae. Invertebrate Survival Journal, 14 (1): 375-378.
  • Laznik, Ž. & S. Trdan, 2014. The influence of insecticides on the viability of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) under laboratory conditions. Pest Management Science, 70 (5): 784-789.
  • Laznik, Ž. & S. Trdan, 2017. The influence of herbicides on the viability of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae). International Journal of Pest Management, 63 (2): 105-111.
  • Mokrini, F., S. E. Laasli, Y. Benseddik, A. B. Joutei, A. Blenzar, H. Lakhal, M. Sbaghi, M. Imren, G. Özer, T. Paulitz, R. Lahlali & A. A. Dababat, 2020. Potential of Moroccan entomopathogenic nematodes for the control of the Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata Wiedemann (Diptera: Tephritidae). Scientific Reports, 10 (1): 19204.
  • Negrisoli, A. S., M. S. Garcia & C. R. C. Barbosa Negrisoli, 2010. Compatibility of entomopathogenic nematodes (Nematoda: Rhabditida) with registered insecticides for Spodoptera frugiperda (Smith, 1797) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) under laboratory conditions. Crop Protection, 29 (6): 545-549.
  • Oliveira-Hofman, C., F. Kaplan, G. Stevens, E. Lewis, S. Wu, H. T. Alborn, A. Perret-Gentil & D. I. Shapiro-Ilan, 2019. Pheromone extracts act as boosters for entomopathogenic nematodes efficacy. Journal of Invertebrate Pathology, 164: 38-42.
  • Özdemir, E., E. İnak, E. Evlice & Z. Laznik, 2020. Compatibility of entomopathogenic nematodes with pesticides registered in vegetable crops under laboratory conditions. Journal of Plant Diseases & Protection, 127 (4): 529-535.
  • Özdemir, E., E. İnak, E. Evlice, E. Yüksel, R. A. Delialioğlu & I. A. Susurluk, 2021. Effects of insecticides and synergistic chemicals on the efficacy of the entomopathogenic nematode Steinernema feltiae (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) against Leptinotarsa decemlineata (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae). Crop Protection, 144: 105605.
  • Patel, M. N. & D. J. Wright, 1996. The influence of neuroactive pesticides on the behaviour of entomopathogenic nematodes. Journal of Helminthology, 70 (1): 53-61.
  • Peters, A., 2013. Application and commercialization of nematodes. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology, 97 (14): 6181-6188.
  • Platt, T., N. F. Stokwe & A. P. Malan, 2020. A review of the potential use of entomopathogenic nematodes to control above-ground insect pests in South Africa. South African Journal of Enology and Viticulture, 41 (1): 1-16.
  • Radová, Š., 2011. Effects of selected pesticides on survival and virulence of two nematode species. Polish Journal of Environmental Studies, 20 (1): 181-185.
  • Rovesti, L., T. Fiorini, G. Bettini, E. W. Heinzpeter & F. Tagliente, 1990. Compatibility of Steinernema spp. and Heterorhabditis spp. with pesticides. Informatore Fitopatologico, 40 (9): 55-61.
  • Sabino, P. H. S., A. S. Negrisoli, V. Andaló, C. C. Filgueiras, A. Moino & F. S. Sales, 2019. Combined application of entomopathogenic nematodes and insecticides in the control of leaf-miner Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) on tomato. Neotropical Entomology, 48 (2): 314-322.
  • Şahin, Y. S., A. Bouhari, T. C. Ulu, B. Sadıç & İ. A. Susurluk, 2018. New application method for entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar, 1976) (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae) HBH strain against Locusta migratoria (Linnaeus, 1758) (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 42 (4): 305-312.
  • Shapiro-Ilan, D. I., F. Kaplan, C. Oliveira-Hofman, P. Schliekelman, H. T. Alborn & E. E. Lewis, 2019. Conspecific pheromone extracts enhance entomopathogenic infectivity. Journal of Nematology, 51 (1): 1-5.
  • Shapiro-Ilan, D. I., R. Han & C. Dolinksi, 2012. Entomopathogenic nematode production and application technology. Journal of Nematology, 44 (2): 206-217.
  • Susurluk, A. I., I. Ünlü & I. Kepenekci, 2003. Host finding behavior of two different Turkish isolates of entomopathogenic nematode species, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Poinar 1976 (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae). Turkish Journal of Biology, 27 (4): 203-207.
  • Susurluk, A. & R. U. Ehlers, 2008. Field persistence of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis bacteriophora in different crops. BioControl, 53 (4): 627-641.
  • Taşkesen, Y. E., E. Yüksel & R. Canhi̇lal, 2021. Field performance of entomopathogenic nematodes against the larvae of Zabrus spp. Clairville, 1806 (Coleoptera: Carabidae). Uluslararası Tarım ve Yaban Hayatı Bilimleri Dergisi, 7 (3): 429-437.
  • Ulu, T. C. & H. Erdoğan, 2023. Field application of encapsulated entomopathogenic nematodes using a precision planter. Biological Control, 182: 105240.
  • Ulu, T. C., B. Sadic & I. A. Susurluk, 2016. Effects of different pesticides on virulence and mortality of some entomopathogenic nematodes. Invertebrate Survival Journal, 13 (1): 111-115.
  • Ulu, T. C., H. Erdogan, K. R. Cruzado, B. Sadic & E. E. Lewis, 2022. “Conspecific and heterospecific dispersal effect of exometabolomes on some entomopathogenic nematode species, 130-130”. 61st Annual Meeting of Society of Nematologists, Anchorage, (26-29 September 2022, Alaska, USA), 143 pp.
  • Wright, D. J., A. Peters, S. Schroer & J. Fife, 2005. “Application Technology, 91-106”. In: Nematodes as Biocontrol Agents (Eds. P. S. Grewal, R. U. Ehlers & D. I. Shapiro-Ilan), Wallingford: CABI, 505 pp.
  • Yüksel, E., R. Canhi̇lal & M. İmren, 2019. Azadirachtin ve spinosadın bazı yerel entomopatojen nematod i̇zolatlarının canlılığı ve virülensliği üzerine etkileri. Uluslararası Tarım ve Yaban Hayatı Bilimleri Dergisi, 5 (2): 280-285 (in Turkish with abstract in English).
  • Zimmerman, R. J. & W. S. Cranshaw, 1990. Compatibility of three entomogenous nematodes (Rhabditida) in aqueous solutions of pesticides used in turfgrass maintenance. Journal of Economic Entomology, 83 (1): 97-100.
There are 44 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Nematology, Entomology in Agriculture
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Tufan Can Ulu 0000-0003-3640-1474

Early Pub Date October 7, 2023
Publication Date October 9, 2023
Submission Date August 18, 2023
Acceptance Date September 30, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 47 Issue: 3 - Year: 2023 Volume: 47 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Ulu, T. C. (2023). Effect of selected pesticides on the orientation of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology, 47(3), 339-349. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1345508
AMA Ulu TC. Effect of selected pesticides on the orientation of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae). TED. October 2023;47(3):339-349. doi:10.16970/entoted.1345508
Chicago Ulu, Tufan Can. “Effect of Selected Pesticides on the Orientation of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae)”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 47, no. 3 (October 2023): 339-49. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1345508.
EndNote Ulu TC (October 1, 2023) Effect of selected pesticides on the orientation of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae). Turkish Journal of Entomology 47 3 339–349.
IEEE T. C. Ulu, “Effect of selected pesticides on the orientation of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae)”, TED, vol. 47, no. 3, pp. 339–349, 2023, doi: 10.16970/entoted.1345508.
ISNAD Ulu, Tufan Can. “Effect of Selected Pesticides on the Orientation of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae)”. Turkish Journal of Entomology 47/3 (October 2023), 339-349. https://doi.org/10.16970/entoted.1345508.
JAMA Ulu TC. Effect of selected pesticides on the orientation of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae). TED. 2023;47:339–349.
MLA Ulu, Tufan Can. “Effect of Selected Pesticides on the Orientation of Entomopathogenic Nematodes (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae)”. Turkish Journal of Entomology, vol. 47, no. 3, 2023, pp. 339-4, doi:10.16970/entoted.1345508.
Vancouver Ulu TC. Effect of selected pesticides on the orientation of entomopathogenic nematodes (Rhabditida: Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae). TED. 2023;47(3):339-4.