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Bruselloz Tanısı ve Epidemiyolojik Çalışmalarda Moleküler Yöntemlerin Kullanılması

Year 2019, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 68 - 72, 25.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.537995

Abstract

Brusellozis, Latin Amerika, Orta doğu, Afrika ve Asya’da endemik seyreden zoonotik bir enfeksiyondur. Günümü-ze kadar 11 Brusella türü tanımlanmıştır. Brusella türleri içerisinde insanlarda en şiddetli enfeksiyona neden olan B. melitensis türü olup bunu B. suis ve B. abortus izlemektedir. Brusella türleri farklı sayılarda biyovarlardan oluşmakta ve immun serumlar ile aglütinasyon, bazı boyalar ve fajlara duyarlık özelliklerine göre de ayırımları yapılmaktadır. Enfeksi-yon kaynağının tespiti, enfeksiyon ve/veya aşı suşlarının karakterizasyonu ve yeni türlerin ortaya konulması önceleri biyovarlara göre yapılır iken, son yıllarda Loop Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) ve Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism (RFLP) gibi PZR tabanlı yöntemler ile Multilokus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA), Multilokus Sekans Tiplendirme (MLST) gibi moleküler test ve yöntemler ile yapılmaktadır. Bu derleme ile bu yöntemler ve bu alanda yapılan çalışmalar ile ilgili güncel bilgiler sunulmaktadır.

References

  • 1. Amin AS, Hamdy ME, Ibrahim AK. Detection of Brucella melitensis in semen using the polymerase chain reaction assay. Vet Microbiol 2001; 83(1): 37-44. 2. Bricker BJ, Halling SM. Differentiation of Brucella abortus bv. 1, 2, and 4, Brucella melitensis, Brucella ovis and Brucella suis bv. 1 by PCR. J Clin Microbiol 1994; 32(11): 2660-6. 3. Bricker BJ, Halling SM. Enhancement of the Brucella AMOS PCR assay for differentiation of Brucella abortus vaccine strains S19 and RB51. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33(6): 1640-2. 4. Bricker BJ, Ewalt DR, Olsen SC, Jensen AE. Evaluation of the Brucella abortus species-specific polymerase chain reaction assay, an improved version of the Brucella AMOS polymerase chain reaction assay for cattle. J Vet Diagn Invest 2003; 15(4): 374-8. 5. Corbell MJ. Brucellosis: An overview. Emerg Infect Disease 1997; 3(2): 213-21. 6. De Massis F, Ancora M, Atzeni M, Rolesu M, Bandino E, Danzetta ML, Zilli K, Di Ginnatale E, Scacchia M. MLVA as an epidemiological tool to trace back Brucella melitensis biovar 1 re-emergence in Italy. Transbound Emerg Dis, 2015; 19 March 463-469. 7. DelVecchio VG, Kapatral V, Redkar RJ, Patra G, Mujer C, Los T, Ivanova N, Anderson I,Bhattacharyya A, Lykidis A, Reznik G, Jablonski L, Larsen N, D'Souza M, Bernal A, Mazur M, Goltsman E, Selkov E, Elzer PH, Hagius S, O'Callaghan D, Letesson JJ, Haselkorn R, Kyrpides N,Overbeek R. The genome sequence of the facultative intracellular pathogen Brucella melitensis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002; 8;99(1): 443-8. 8. Dorneles EM, de Faria AP, Pauletti RB, Santana JA, Caldeira GA, Heinemann MB, Titze-de Almeida R, Lage AP. Genetic stability of Brucella abortus S19 and RB51 vaccine strains by multiple locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA16). Vaccine 2013; 31(42): 4856-9. 9. Fekete A, Bantle JA, Halling SM, Sanborn MR. Preliminary development of a diagnostic test for Brucella using polymerase chain reaction. J Appl Bacteriol 1990; 69(2): 216-27. 10. Garcia-Yoldi D, Marín CM, de Miguel MJ, Munoz PM, Vizmanos JL, Lopez-Goni I. Multiplex PCR assay for the identification and differentiation of all Brucella species and the vaccine strains Brucella abortus S19 and RB51 and Brucella melitensis Rev1. Clin Chem 2006; 52(4): 779-81. 11. Garcia-Yoldi D, Le Fleche P, Miguel MJ, Munoz PM, Blasco JM, Cvetnic Z, Marin CM, Vergnaud G, Lopez-Goni I. Compariscon of multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis with other PCR-based methods for typing Brucella suis Isolates. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45(12): 4070-72. 12. Genç O, Kamber U. Biotyping of Brucella strains isolated from abortions of cows in Kars province. Indian Vet J 2004; 81, 1164-5. 13. Genç O, Büyüktanır Ö, Doğancı L, Yurdusev N. Brusella tanısında “in-house” enzimatik immunoassay modeller ve multipleks PCR ile tür ayırımı: Ön sonuçlar. Klimik XIII. Türk Klinik Mikrobiyoloji ve Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları Kongresi, 2007, Antalya. 14. Güler L, Gündüz K, Ok U. Comparison of polymerase chain reaction and bacteriological culture for the diagnosis of sheep brucellosis using aborted fetus samples. Vet Microbiol 2003; 93: 53–61. 15. Her M, Kang SI, Cho DH, Cho YS, Hwang IY, Heo YR, Jung SC, Yoo HS. Application and evaluation of the MLVA typing assay for the Brucella abortus strains isolated in Korea. BMC Microbiol 2009; 9: 230. 16. Kılıç S, Ivanov IN, Durmaz R, Bayraktar MR, Ayaslıoglu E, Uyanık MH, Alıskan H, Yasar E, Bayramoglu G, Arslantürk A, Vergnaud G, Kantardjiev TV. Multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis genotyping of human Brucella isolates from Turkey. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49(9): 3276-83. 17. Kumkrong K, Chankate P, Tonyoung W, Intarapuk A, Kerdsin A, Kalambaheti T. Multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis of Brucella isolates from Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2017; 48,1: 124-142. 18. Le Fleche I, Grayon JM, Al Dahouk S, Bouchon P, Denoeud F, Nöckler F, Neubauer H, Guilloteau L, Vergnaud G. Evaluation and selection of tandem repeat loci for a Brucella MLVA typing assay. BMC Microbiol 2006; 6(9): 1-14. 19. Lopez-Goni I, Garcia-Yoldi D, Marin CM, de Miguel MJ, Muñoz PM, Blasco JM, Jacques I, Grayon M, Cloeckaert A, Ferreira AC, Cardoso R, Correa de Sa MI, Walravens K, Albert D, Garin-Bastuji B. Evaluation of a multiplex PCR assay (Bruce-ladder) for molecular typing of all Brucella species, including the vaccine strains. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 46(10): 3484-7. 20. Miranda KL, Poester FP, Minharro S, Dorneles EM, Stynen AP, Lage AP. Evaluation of Brucella abortus S19 vaccines commercialized in Brazil: immunogenicity, residual virulence and MLVA15 genotyping. Vaccine 2013; 31(29): 3014-8. 21. MLVA-NET for Brucella. http://mlva.u-psud.fr. Erişim tarihi: 19.12.2017 22. Notomi T, Okayama H, Masubuchi H, Yonekawa T, Watanabe K, Amino N, Hase T. Loop mediated isothermal amplification of DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2000; 28(12): E63. 23. Ohtsuki R, Kawamoto K, Kato Y, Shah MM, Ezaki T, Makino SI. Rapid detection of Brucella spp. by the loop-mediatedisothermal amplification method. J App Microbiol 2008; 104: 1815-1823. 24. OIE2009. Bovine brucellosis.http://web.oie.int/eng/normes/MMANUAL/2008/pdf/2.04.03_BOVINE RUCELL. pdf Erişim tarihi: 10.01.2017. 25. O'Leary JG, Goodarzi M, Drayton DL, von Andrian UH. T cell- and B cell-independent adaptive immunity mediated by natural killer cells. Nat Immunol 2006; 7(5): 507-16. 26. Pan W, Wang JY, Shen HY, Zhao MQ, Ju CM, Dong XY, Yi L, Chen JD. Development and application of the novel visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification of Omp25 sequence for rapid detection of Brucella sp. J Anim Vet Advances 2011; 10(16): 2120-6. 27. Piao D, Liu X, Di D, Xiao P, Zhao Z, Xu L, Tian G, Zhao H, Fan W, Cui B, Jiang H. Genetic polymorphisms identify in species/biovars of Brucella isolated in China between 1953 and 2013 by MLST. BMC Microbiology 2018; 18 (7): 1-6. 28. Probert WS, Schrader KN, Khuong NY, Bystrom SL, Graves MH. Real-time multiplex PCR assay for detection of Brucella spp., B. abortus, and B. melitensis. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42(3):1290-3. 29. Ratushna VG, Sturgill DM, Ramamoorthy S, Reichow SA, He Y, Lathigra R, Sriranganathan N, Halling SM, Boyle SM, Gibas CJ. Molecular targets for rapid identification of Brucella spp. BMC Microbiol 2006; 6(13): 2180-6. 30. Rijpens N, Jannes G, Asbroeck MV, Rossau R, Herman LMF. Direct detectian of Brucella spp. In raw milk by PCR and reverse hybridizaton with 16S-23S rRNA spacer probes. Appl Environ Microbiol 1996; 62(5): 1683-88. 31. Rossen L, Norksov P, Holmstrom K, Rasmussen OF. Inhibition of PCR by components of food samples, microbial diagnostic assays and DNA-extraction solutions. Int J Food Microbiol 1992; 17: 37-45. 32. Scholz HC, Vergnaud G. Molecular characterisation of Brucella species. Rev Sci Tech 2013; 32(1): 149-62. 33. Sidamonidze K, Hang J, Yang Y, Dzavashvili G, Zhgenti E, Trapaidze N, Imnadze P, Nikolich MP. Genome sequences of human and livestock isolates of Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus from the country of Georgia. Genome Announc 2017; 5(6): 1-3. 34. Sun M, Jing Z, Di D, Yan H, Zhang Z, Xu Q, Zhang X, Wang X, Ni B, Sun X, Yan C, Yang Z, Tian L, Li J, Fan W. Multiple locus variable number tandem repeat and single nucleotid polymorphism based Brucella typing reveals multiple lineages in Brucella melitensis currently endemic in China. Front Vet Sci 2017;4 (215): 1-10. 35. Şahin M, Genç O, Ünver A, Otlu S. Investigation of bovine brucellosis in the northeastern Turkey. Trop Anim Health Prod 2008; 40: 281-6. 36. Terzi G, Büyüktanır Ö, Genç O, Gücükoğlu A., Yurdusev N. Detection of Brucella antibody and DNA in cow milk by ELISA and PCR methods. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg,16(Suppl-A). 2010; 47-52. 37. Tomita N, Mori Y, Kanda H, Notomi T. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) of gene sequences and simple visual detection of products. Nat Protoc 2008; 3(5): 877–82. 38. Vergnaud G, Pourcel C. Multiple locus VNTR (Variable Number of Tandem Repeat) analysis Stackebrandt E ed. In: Molecular Identification, Systematics and Population Structure of Prokaryotes. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer,. 2006; pp: 83-104. 39. Whatmore AM. Current understanding of the genetic diversity of Brucella, an expanding genus of zoonotic pathogens. Inf Gen Evol 2009; 9(6): 1168-84. 40. Whatmore AM, Koylass MS, Muchowski J, Smallbone JE, Gopaul KK, Perrett LL. Extended multilocus sequence analysis to describe the global population structure of the genus Brucella: Phylogeography and relationship to biovars. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:2049. 41. Wilson IG. Inhibition and facilitation of nucleic acid amplification. Appl Environ Microbiol 1997; 63(10): 3741–51. 42. Yu WL, Nielsen K. Review of Detection of Brucella spp. by Polymerase Chain Reaction, Croatian Medical Journal 2010; 51(4): 306-13.
Year 2019, Volume: 16 Issue: 1, 68 - 72, 25.03.2019
https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.537995

Abstract

References

  • 1. Amin AS, Hamdy ME, Ibrahim AK. Detection of Brucella melitensis in semen using the polymerase chain reaction assay. Vet Microbiol 2001; 83(1): 37-44. 2. Bricker BJ, Halling SM. Differentiation of Brucella abortus bv. 1, 2, and 4, Brucella melitensis, Brucella ovis and Brucella suis bv. 1 by PCR. J Clin Microbiol 1994; 32(11): 2660-6. 3. Bricker BJ, Halling SM. Enhancement of the Brucella AMOS PCR assay for differentiation of Brucella abortus vaccine strains S19 and RB51. J Clin Microbiol 1995; 33(6): 1640-2. 4. Bricker BJ, Ewalt DR, Olsen SC, Jensen AE. Evaluation of the Brucella abortus species-specific polymerase chain reaction assay, an improved version of the Brucella AMOS polymerase chain reaction assay for cattle. J Vet Diagn Invest 2003; 15(4): 374-8. 5. Corbell MJ. Brucellosis: An overview. Emerg Infect Disease 1997; 3(2): 213-21. 6. De Massis F, Ancora M, Atzeni M, Rolesu M, Bandino E, Danzetta ML, Zilli K, Di Ginnatale E, Scacchia M. MLVA as an epidemiological tool to trace back Brucella melitensis biovar 1 re-emergence in Italy. Transbound Emerg Dis, 2015; 19 March 463-469. 7. DelVecchio VG, Kapatral V, Redkar RJ, Patra G, Mujer C, Los T, Ivanova N, Anderson I,Bhattacharyya A, Lykidis A, Reznik G, Jablonski L, Larsen N, D'Souza M, Bernal A, Mazur M, Goltsman E, Selkov E, Elzer PH, Hagius S, O'Callaghan D, Letesson JJ, Haselkorn R, Kyrpides N,Overbeek R. The genome sequence of the facultative intracellular pathogen Brucella melitensis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2002; 8;99(1): 443-8. 8. Dorneles EM, de Faria AP, Pauletti RB, Santana JA, Caldeira GA, Heinemann MB, Titze-de Almeida R, Lage AP. Genetic stability of Brucella abortus S19 and RB51 vaccine strains by multiple locus variable number tandem repeat analysis (MLVA16). Vaccine 2013; 31(42): 4856-9. 9. Fekete A, Bantle JA, Halling SM, Sanborn MR. Preliminary development of a diagnostic test for Brucella using polymerase chain reaction. J Appl Bacteriol 1990; 69(2): 216-27. 10. Garcia-Yoldi D, Marín CM, de Miguel MJ, Munoz PM, Vizmanos JL, Lopez-Goni I. Multiplex PCR assay for the identification and differentiation of all Brucella species and the vaccine strains Brucella abortus S19 and RB51 and Brucella melitensis Rev1. Clin Chem 2006; 52(4): 779-81. 11. Garcia-Yoldi D, Le Fleche P, Miguel MJ, Munoz PM, Blasco JM, Cvetnic Z, Marin CM, Vergnaud G, Lopez-Goni I. Compariscon of multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis with other PCR-based methods for typing Brucella suis Isolates. J Clin Microbiol 2007; 45(12): 4070-72. 12. Genç O, Kamber U. Biotyping of Brucella strains isolated from abortions of cows in Kars province. Indian Vet J 2004; 81, 1164-5. 13. Genç O, Büyüktanır Ö, Doğancı L, Yurdusev N. Brusella tanısında “in-house” enzimatik immunoassay modeller ve multipleks PCR ile tür ayırımı: Ön sonuçlar. Klimik XIII. Türk Klinik Mikrobiyoloji ve Enfeksiyon Hastalıkları Kongresi, 2007, Antalya. 14. Güler L, Gündüz K, Ok U. Comparison of polymerase chain reaction and bacteriological culture for the diagnosis of sheep brucellosis using aborted fetus samples. Vet Microbiol 2003; 93: 53–61. 15. Her M, Kang SI, Cho DH, Cho YS, Hwang IY, Heo YR, Jung SC, Yoo HS. Application and evaluation of the MLVA typing assay for the Brucella abortus strains isolated in Korea. BMC Microbiol 2009; 9: 230. 16. Kılıç S, Ivanov IN, Durmaz R, Bayraktar MR, Ayaslıoglu E, Uyanık MH, Alıskan H, Yasar E, Bayramoglu G, Arslantürk A, Vergnaud G, Kantardjiev TV. Multiple-locus variable-number tandem-repeat analysis genotyping of human Brucella isolates from Turkey. J Clin Microbiol 2011; 49(9): 3276-83. 17. Kumkrong K, Chankate P, Tonyoung W, Intarapuk A, Kerdsin A, Kalambaheti T. Multiple-locus variable number tandem repeat analysis of Brucella isolates from Thailand. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2017; 48,1: 124-142. 18. Le Fleche I, Grayon JM, Al Dahouk S, Bouchon P, Denoeud F, Nöckler F, Neubauer H, Guilloteau L, Vergnaud G. Evaluation and selection of tandem repeat loci for a Brucella MLVA typing assay. BMC Microbiol 2006; 6(9): 1-14. 19. Lopez-Goni I, Garcia-Yoldi D, Marin CM, de Miguel MJ, Muñoz PM, Blasco JM, Jacques I, Grayon M, Cloeckaert A, Ferreira AC, Cardoso R, Correa de Sa MI, Walravens K, Albert D, Garin-Bastuji B. Evaluation of a multiplex PCR assay (Bruce-ladder) for molecular typing of all Brucella species, including the vaccine strains. J Clin Microbiol 2008; 46(10): 3484-7. 20. Miranda KL, Poester FP, Minharro S, Dorneles EM, Stynen AP, Lage AP. Evaluation of Brucella abortus S19 vaccines commercialized in Brazil: immunogenicity, residual virulence and MLVA15 genotyping. Vaccine 2013; 31(29): 3014-8. 21. MLVA-NET for Brucella. http://mlva.u-psud.fr. Erişim tarihi: 19.12.2017 22. Notomi T, Okayama H, Masubuchi H, Yonekawa T, Watanabe K, Amino N, Hase T. Loop mediated isothermal amplification of DNA. Nucleic Acids Res 2000; 28(12): E63. 23. Ohtsuki R, Kawamoto K, Kato Y, Shah MM, Ezaki T, Makino SI. Rapid detection of Brucella spp. by the loop-mediatedisothermal amplification method. J App Microbiol 2008; 104: 1815-1823. 24. OIE2009. Bovine brucellosis.http://web.oie.int/eng/normes/MMANUAL/2008/pdf/2.04.03_BOVINE RUCELL. pdf Erişim tarihi: 10.01.2017. 25. O'Leary JG, Goodarzi M, Drayton DL, von Andrian UH. T cell- and B cell-independent adaptive immunity mediated by natural killer cells. Nat Immunol 2006; 7(5): 507-16. 26. Pan W, Wang JY, Shen HY, Zhao MQ, Ju CM, Dong XY, Yi L, Chen JD. Development and application of the novel visual loop-mediated isothermal amplification of Omp25 sequence for rapid detection of Brucella sp. J Anim Vet Advances 2011; 10(16): 2120-6. 27. Piao D, Liu X, Di D, Xiao P, Zhao Z, Xu L, Tian G, Zhao H, Fan W, Cui B, Jiang H. Genetic polymorphisms identify in species/biovars of Brucella isolated in China between 1953 and 2013 by MLST. BMC Microbiology 2018; 18 (7): 1-6. 28. Probert WS, Schrader KN, Khuong NY, Bystrom SL, Graves MH. Real-time multiplex PCR assay for detection of Brucella spp., B. abortus, and B. melitensis. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 42(3):1290-3. 29. Ratushna VG, Sturgill DM, Ramamoorthy S, Reichow SA, He Y, Lathigra R, Sriranganathan N, Halling SM, Boyle SM, Gibas CJ. Molecular targets for rapid identification of Brucella spp. BMC Microbiol 2006; 6(13): 2180-6. 30. Rijpens N, Jannes G, Asbroeck MV, Rossau R, Herman LMF. Direct detectian of Brucella spp. In raw milk by PCR and reverse hybridizaton with 16S-23S rRNA spacer probes. Appl Environ Microbiol 1996; 62(5): 1683-88. 31. Rossen L, Norksov P, Holmstrom K, Rasmussen OF. Inhibition of PCR by components of food samples, microbial diagnostic assays and DNA-extraction solutions. Int J Food Microbiol 1992; 17: 37-45. 32. Scholz HC, Vergnaud G. Molecular characterisation of Brucella species. Rev Sci Tech 2013; 32(1): 149-62. 33. Sidamonidze K, Hang J, Yang Y, Dzavashvili G, Zhgenti E, Trapaidze N, Imnadze P, Nikolich MP. Genome sequences of human and livestock isolates of Brucella melitensis and Brucella abortus from the country of Georgia. Genome Announc 2017; 5(6): 1-3. 34. Sun M, Jing Z, Di D, Yan H, Zhang Z, Xu Q, Zhang X, Wang X, Ni B, Sun X, Yan C, Yang Z, Tian L, Li J, Fan W. Multiple locus variable number tandem repeat and single nucleotid polymorphism based Brucella typing reveals multiple lineages in Brucella melitensis currently endemic in China. Front Vet Sci 2017;4 (215): 1-10. 35. Şahin M, Genç O, Ünver A, Otlu S. Investigation of bovine brucellosis in the northeastern Turkey. Trop Anim Health Prod 2008; 40: 281-6. 36. Terzi G, Büyüktanır Ö, Genç O, Gücükoğlu A., Yurdusev N. Detection of Brucella antibody and DNA in cow milk by ELISA and PCR methods. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg,16(Suppl-A). 2010; 47-52. 37. Tomita N, Mori Y, Kanda H, Notomi T. Loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) of gene sequences and simple visual detection of products. Nat Protoc 2008; 3(5): 877–82. 38. Vergnaud G, Pourcel C. Multiple locus VNTR (Variable Number of Tandem Repeat) analysis Stackebrandt E ed. In: Molecular Identification, Systematics and Population Structure of Prokaryotes. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer,. 2006; pp: 83-104. 39. Whatmore AM. Current understanding of the genetic diversity of Brucella, an expanding genus of zoonotic pathogens. Inf Gen Evol 2009; 9(6): 1168-84. 40. Whatmore AM, Koylass MS, Muchowski J, Smallbone JE, Gopaul KK, Perrett LL. Extended multilocus sequence analysis to describe the global population structure of the genus Brucella: Phylogeography and relationship to biovars. Front Microbiol 2016; 7:2049. 41. Wilson IG. Inhibition and facilitation of nucleic acid amplification. Appl Environ Microbiol 1997; 63(10): 3741–51. 42. Yu WL, Nielsen K. Review of Detection of Brucella spp. by Polymerase Chain Reaction, Croatian Medical Journal 2010; 51(4): 306-13.
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Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Oktay Genç 0000-0003-0777-6824

Publication Date March 25, 2019
Submission Date January 17, 2018
Acceptance Date June 25, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 16 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Genç, O. (2019). Bruselloz Tanısı ve Epidemiyolojik Çalışmalarda Moleküler Yöntemlerin Kullanılması. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(1), 68-72. https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.537995
AMA Genç O. Bruselloz Tanısı ve Epidemiyolojik Çalışmalarda Moleküler Yöntemlerin Kullanılması. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg. March 2019;16(1):68-72. doi:10.32707/ercivet.537995
Chicago Genç, Oktay. “Bruselloz Tanısı Ve Epidemiyolojik Çalışmalarda Moleküler Yöntemlerin Kullanılması”. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 16, no. 1 (March 2019): 68-72. https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.537995.
EndNote Genç O (March 1, 2019) Bruselloz Tanısı ve Epidemiyolojik Çalışmalarda Moleküler Yöntemlerin Kullanılması. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 16 1 68–72.
IEEE O. Genç, “Bruselloz Tanısı ve Epidemiyolojik Çalışmalarda Moleküler Yöntemlerin Kullanılması”, Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg, vol. 16, no. 1, pp. 68–72, 2019, doi: 10.32707/ercivet.537995.
ISNAD Genç, Oktay. “Bruselloz Tanısı Ve Epidemiyolojik Çalışmalarda Moleküler Yöntemlerin Kullanılması”. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 16/1 (March 2019), 68-72. https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.537995.
JAMA Genç O. Bruselloz Tanısı ve Epidemiyolojik Çalışmalarda Moleküler Yöntemlerin Kullanılması. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2019;16:68–72.
MLA Genç, Oktay. “Bruselloz Tanısı Ve Epidemiyolojik Çalışmalarda Moleküler Yöntemlerin Kullanılması”. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 16, no. 1, 2019, pp. 68-72, doi:10.32707/ercivet.537995.
Vancouver Genç O. Bruselloz Tanısı ve Epidemiyolojik Çalışmalarda Moleküler Yöntemlerin Kullanılması. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2019;16(1):68-72.