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Kasaplık Sığırlarda Bazı Kesim Öncesi Stress Faktörlerinin Et Kalite Özelliklerine Etkileri

Year 2019, Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 147 - 153, 08.08.2019
https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.595604

Abstract

Çiftlik
hayvanları satış, yetiştirme veya kesim gibi çeşitli sebeplerle sürekli olarak
nakledilirler ve nakil işlemi sonrası kasaplık sığırlara çeşitli sürelerde
kesim öncesi bekletme süresi uygulanır. Nakil işlemi uygun koşullarda yapılsa
bile stresli bir işlemdir. Et kalitesine zarar veren ve stres oluşturan birçok
etken nakil sırasında kasaplık sığırları etkiler. Nakil ve kesim öncesi
bekletme süreleri et kalitesi için önemli faktörlerdir. Artmış nakil süresi ve
kısa kesim öncesi bekletme süresi kas glikojen düzeyinde azalmaya ve et pH’sının
düşmemesine sebep olur. Böylece DFD (koyu, sert, kuru) et ve ekonomik kayıplar
oluşur. Bu nedenle nakil süresi ve kesim öncesi bekletme sürelerinin et
kalitesini olumsuz etkilememesi için mümkün olduğunca kısa tutulmaları
gereklidir. Bu derlemenin amacı kasaplık sığırların et kalitesi üzerine nakil
süresi ve kesim öncesi bekletme süresinin etkisi ile ilgili bilgi vermektir. 

References

  • 1. Amtmann VA, Gallo C, van Schaik, G, Tadich N. Relaciones entre el manejo antemortem, variables sanguíneas indicadoras de estrés y pH de la canal en novillos. Arch Med Vet 2006; 38(3): 257-64.
  • 2. Brown SN, Bevis, EA, Warriss PD. An estimate of the incidence of dark cutting beef in the United Kingdom. Meat Sci 1990; 27(3): 249-58.
  • 3. Campo M, Brito G, Soares de Lima J, Hernandez P, Montossi F. Finishing diet, temperament and lairage time effects on carcass and meat quality traits in steers. Meat Sci 2010; 86(4): 908-14.
  • 4. Cockram MS, Kent JE, Jackson RE, Goddard PJ, Doherty OM, McGilp IM, Fox A, Studdert-Kennedy TC, McConnell TI, O'Riordan T. Effect of lairage during 24 h of transport on the behavioural and physiological responses of sheep. Anim Sci 1997; 65(3): 391-402.
  • 5. Eldridge GA, Winfield CG, Cahill DJ. Responses of cattle to different space allowances, pen sizes and road conditions during transport. Aust J Exp Agr 1988; 28: 155-59. 6. Et ve Süt Kurumu. http://www.esk.gov.tr/tr/10998/Kirmizi-Et. Erişim tarihi: 07.04.2017.
  • 7. European Commission, 2009. Animal Welfare during Transport, Brussels: European Commission, http://ec.europa.eu/food/animal/welfare/transport/main_points_regulations_1_2005_en.htm. Erişim tarihi: 16.04.2017.
  • 8. FAO 2014 http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QL. Erişim tarihi: 06.07.2017.
  • 9. Fernandez X, Monin G, Culioli J, Legrand I, Quilichini Y. Effect of duration of feed with drawal and transportation time on muscle characteristics and quality in Friesian–Holstein Calves. J Anim Sci 1996; 74(7): 1576-83.
  • 10. Ferreira GB, Andrade CL, Costa F, Freitas MQ, Silva TJP, Santos IF. Effects of transport time and rest period on the quality of electrically stimulated male cattle carcasses. Meat Sci 2006; 74(3): 459-66.
  • 11. Gallo C, Espinoza MA, Gasic J. Efectos del transporte por camión durante 36 horas con y sin período de descanso sobre el peso vivo y algunos aspectos de calidad de carne en bovinos. Arch Med Vet 2001; 33(1):43-53.
  • 12. Gallo C, Lizondo G, Knowles TG. Effects of journey and lairage time on steers transported to slaughter in Chile. Vet Rec 2003; 152(12): 361-4.
  • 13. Gallo C, Perez S, Sanhueza C, Gasic, J. Efectos del tiempo de transporte de novillos previo al faenamiento sobre el comportamiento, las perdidas de peso y algunas caracteristicas de la canal. Arch Med Vet 2000; 32(2): 157-70.
  • 14. Grandin T, eds. Introduction: Management and economic factors of handling and transport. Livestock handling and transport. Second Edition. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, 2000; pp. 1-9.
  • 15. Hayvansal Gıdalar İçin Özel Hijyen Kuralları Yönetmeliği, 2011, http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/ eskiler/2011/12/20111227-10.htm, Erişim Tarihi: 05.12.2017.
  • 16. Honkavaara M, Rintasalo E, Ylonen J, Pudas T. Meat quality and transport stress of cattle. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2003; 110:125-8.
  • 17. Joaquim CF. Efeitos da distância de transporte em parâmetros postmortem de carcaças bovinas, Master degree Dissertation, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, 2002.
  • 18. Jones SDM, Schaefer AL, Tong AKW, Vincent BC. The effects of fasting and transportation on beef cattle. 2. Body component changes, carcass composition and meat quality. Livest Prod Sci 1988; 20: 25-35.
  • 19. Jongman EC, Edge MK, Butler KL, Cronin GM. Reduced space allowance for adult sheep in lairage for 24 hours limits lying behaviour but not drinking behaviour. Aust J Exp Agr 2008; 48(7):1048-51.
  • 20. Matic MA. Contusiones en canales bovinas y su relacio´n con el transporte. MV thesis. Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile, 1997.
  • 21. Mounier L, Dubroeucq H, Andanson S, Veissier I. Variations in meat pH of beef bulls in relation to conditions of transfer to slaughter and previous history of the animals. J Anim Sci 2006; 84(6): 1567-76.
  • 22. Knowles TG. A review of the road transport of cattle. Vet Rec 1999; 144:197-201.
  • 23. Knowles TG, Warriss PD, Brown SN, Edwards JE. Effects on cattle of transportation by road for up to 31 hours. Vet Rec 1999; 145(20): 575-82.
  • 24. Liotta L, Costa LN, Chiofalo B, Ravarotto, Chiofalo V. Effect of lairage duration on some blood constituents and beef quality in bulls after long journey. Ital J Anim Sci 2007; 6: 375-84.
  • 25. Mach N, Bach A, Velarde A, Devant M. Association between animal, transportation, slaughterhouse practices, and meat pH in beef. Meat Sci 2008; 78(3): 232-8.
  • 26. Maria GA, Villarroel M, Sanudo C, Olleta JL, Gebresenbet G. Effect of transport time and ageing on aspects of beef quality. Meat Sci 2003; 65(4): 1335-40.
  • 27. Novoa H. Efectos de la duracion y condiciones del reposo en ayuno previo al faenamiento de los bovinos sobre las caracteristicas de la canal. Memoria de Titulo para Optar al Titulo de Medico Veterinario, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile, 2003.
  • 28. Önenç A, Kaya A. Sığırlarda Koyu Renkli Karkas Sorunu, http://agr.ege.edu.tr/files/depo/teknik_brosur/SigirlardaKoyuRenkliKarkasSorunu.doc Erişim Tarihi: 10.04.2017.
  • 29. Pipek P, Haberl A, Jelenikova´ J. Influence of slaughterhouse handling on the quality of beef carcasses. Czech J Anim Sci 2003; 9: 371-8.
  • 30. Seideman SC, Cross HR, Smith GC, Durland PR. Factors associated with fresh meat colour: A review. J Food Quality 1984; 6(3):211-37.
  • 31. Shackelford SD, Wheeler TL, Meade MK, Reagan JO, Byrnes BL, Koohmaraie M. Consumer impressions of tender select beef. J Anim Sci 2001; 79(10): 2605-14.
  • 32. Silva JA, Patarata L, Martins C. Influence of ultimate pH on bovine meat tenderness during ageing. Meat Sci 1999; 52(4): 453-9.
  • 33. Smith GC, Savell JW, Clayton RP, Field TG, Griffin DB, Hale DS, Miller, MF, Montgomery TH, Morgan JB, Tatum JD, Wise, JW. Improving the Consistency and Competitiveness of Beef - A Blueprint for Total Quality Management in the Fed-Beef Industry. The Final Report of the National Beef Quality Audit - 1991. National Cattlemen’s Association, Englewood, CO, 1992.
  • 34. Smith GC, Savell JW, Morgan B, Lawrence TE. National Beef Quality Audit. Colorado State University, Oklahoma State University and Texas A M University for the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association, Englewood, Colorado, 2006.
  • 35. Tadich N, Gallo C, Bustamante H, Schwerter M, van Schaik G. Effects of transport and lairage time on some blood constituents of Friesian-cross steers in Chile. Livest Prod Sci 2005; 93: 222-33.
  • 36. Tarrant PV, eds. Animal Behaviour and Environment in the Dark-Cutting Condition. Australia: Australian Meat and Livestock Research and Development Corporation, 1989; pp. 8-18.
  • 37. Tarrant PV, Grandin T, eds. Cattle Transport. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, 2000; pp. 151-73.
  • 38. Tarrant PV, Kenny F J, Harrington D, Murphy M. Long distance transportation of steers to slaughter: Effect of stocking density on physiology, behaviour and carcass quality. Livest Prod Sci 1992; 30: 223-38.
  • 39. Teke B. Shrink and mortality of beef caatle during long distance transportation. Anim Welfare 2013; 22(3): 379-84.
  • 40. Teke B, Akdag F, Ekiz B, Ugurlu M. Effects of different lairage times after long distance transportation on carcass and meat quality characteristics of Hungarian Simmental bulls. Meat Sci 2014; 96(1): 224-9.
  • 41. Teke B, Ekiz B, Akdag F, Ugurlu M, Ciftci G, Senturk B. Effects of stocking density of lambs on biochemical stres parameters and meat quality related to commercial transportation. Ann Anim Sci 2014; 3: 611-21.
  • 42. Ünal N, Teke B, Özbeyaz C. Ankara Ticaret Borsası Kesimhanesi’ne yapılan kasaplık hayvan nakillerinde bazı koşulların hayvan refahı bakımından incelenmesi. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Deg 2008; 55(1): 51-6.
  • 43. Van de Water G, Verjans F, Geers, R. The effect of short distance transport under commercial conditions on the physiology of slaughter calves; pH, colour profiles of veal. Livest Prod Sci 2003; 82(2): 171-9.
  • 44. Villarroel, M., Maria, GA, Sanudo, C., Olleta, JL, Gebresenbet, G. Effect of transport time on sensorial aspects of beef meat quality. Meat Sci 2003; 63(3): 353-7.
  • 45. Warriss PD, Kestin SC, Brown SN, Wilkins LJ. The time required for recovery from mixing stress in young bulls and the prevention of dark cutting beef. Meat Sci 1984; 10(1): 53-68.
  • 46. Wythes JR, Arthur RJ, Thompson PJM, Williams GE, Bond JH. Effect of transporting cows various distances on liveweight, carcase traits and muscle pH. Austral J Exp Agric and Anim Husb 1981; 21: 557-61.

The Effects of Some Pre-Slaughter Stress Factors on Meat Quality Characteristics in Beef Cattle

Year 2019, Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 147 - 153, 08.08.2019
https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.595604

Abstract

Farm
animals are always transported for various reasons
such as sales, breeding and slaughter; and lairage is applied on the beef
cattle with various durations after transportation. Transportation is stressful
even if it is carried out under proper conditions. Several factors which damage
for meat quality and bring about stress affect beef cattle during the
transportation. Transportation and lairage duration are important for meat
quality. Increased transport duration and short lairage duration causes
decreases in muscle glycogen
level and the failure in decrease
in meat pH value. Therefore, DFD (dark, firm, dry) meat and economic
losses occur. Thus, transport time and lairage time should be applied as short
as possible to prevent the adverse effects on meat quality. The aim of the
review was to inform the related about the effect of transport and lairage time
on meat quality in beef cattle.

References

  • 1. Amtmann VA, Gallo C, van Schaik, G, Tadich N. Relaciones entre el manejo antemortem, variables sanguíneas indicadoras de estrés y pH de la canal en novillos. Arch Med Vet 2006; 38(3): 257-64.
  • 2. Brown SN, Bevis, EA, Warriss PD. An estimate of the incidence of dark cutting beef in the United Kingdom. Meat Sci 1990; 27(3): 249-58.
  • 3. Campo M, Brito G, Soares de Lima J, Hernandez P, Montossi F. Finishing diet, temperament and lairage time effects on carcass and meat quality traits in steers. Meat Sci 2010; 86(4): 908-14.
  • 4. Cockram MS, Kent JE, Jackson RE, Goddard PJ, Doherty OM, McGilp IM, Fox A, Studdert-Kennedy TC, McConnell TI, O'Riordan T. Effect of lairage during 24 h of transport on the behavioural and physiological responses of sheep. Anim Sci 1997; 65(3): 391-402.
  • 5. Eldridge GA, Winfield CG, Cahill DJ. Responses of cattle to different space allowances, pen sizes and road conditions during transport. Aust J Exp Agr 1988; 28: 155-59. 6. Et ve Süt Kurumu. http://www.esk.gov.tr/tr/10998/Kirmizi-Et. Erişim tarihi: 07.04.2017.
  • 7. European Commission, 2009. Animal Welfare during Transport, Brussels: European Commission, http://ec.europa.eu/food/animal/welfare/transport/main_points_regulations_1_2005_en.htm. Erişim tarihi: 16.04.2017.
  • 8. FAO 2014 http://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QL. Erişim tarihi: 06.07.2017.
  • 9. Fernandez X, Monin G, Culioli J, Legrand I, Quilichini Y. Effect of duration of feed with drawal and transportation time on muscle characteristics and quality in Friesian–Holstein Calves. J Anim Sci 1996; 74(7): 1576-83.
  • 10. Ferreira GB, Andrade CL, Costa F, Freitas MQ, Silva TJP, Santos IF. Effects of transport time and rest period on the quality of electrically stimulated male cattle carcasses. Meat Sci 2006; 74(3): 459-66.
  • 11. Gallo C, Espinoza MA, Gasic J. Efectos del transporte por camión durante 36 horas con y sin período de descanso sobre el peso vivo y algunos aspectos de calidad de carne en bovinos. Arch Med Vet 2001; 33(1):43-53.
  • 12. Gallo C, Lizondo G, Knowles TG. Effects of journey and lairage time on steers transported to slaughter in Chile. Vet Rec 2003; 152(12): 361-4.
  • 13. Gallo C, Perez S, Sanhueza C, Gasic, J. Efectos del tiempo de transporte de novillos previo al faenamiento sobre el comportamiento, las perdidas de peso y algunas caracteristicas de la canal. Arch Med Vet 2000; 32(2): 157-70.
  • 14. Grandin T, eds. Introduction: Management and economic factors of handling and transport. Livestock handling and transport. Second Edition. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, 2000; pp. 1-9.
  • 15. Hayvansal Gıdalar İçin Özel Hijyen Kuralları Yönetmeliği, 2011, http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/ eskiler/2011/12/20111227-10.htm, Erişim Tarihi: 05.12.2017.
  • 16. Honkavaara M, Rintasalo E, Ylonen J, Pudas T. Meat quality and transport stress of cattle. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr 2003; 110:125-8.
  • 17. Joaquim CF. Efeitos da distância de transporte em parâmetros postmortem de carcaças bovinas, Master degree Dissertation, Veterinary Medicine Faculty, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil, 2002.
  • 18. Jones SDM, Schaefer AL, Tong AKW, Vincent BC. The effects of fasting and transportation on beef cattle. 2. Body component changes, carcass composition and meat quality. Livest Prod Sci 1988; 20: 25-35.
  • 19. Jongman EC, Edge MK, Butler KL, Cronin GM. Reduced space allowance for adult sheep in lairage for 24 hours limits lying behaviour but not drinking behaviour. Aust J Exp Agr 2008; 48(7):1048-51.
  • 20. Matic MA. Contusiones en canales bovinas y su relacio´n con el transporte. MV thesis. Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile, 1997.
  • 21. Mounier L, Dubroeucq H, Andanson S, Veissier I. Variations in meat pH of beef bulls in relation to conditions of transfer to slaughter and previous history of the animals. J Anim Sci 2006; 84(6): 1567-76.
  • 22. Knowles TG. A review of the road transport of cattle. Vet Rec 1999; 144:197-201.
  • 23. Knowles TG, Warriss PD, Brown SN, Edwards JE. Effects on cattle of transportation by road for up to 31 hours. Vet Rec 1999; 145(20): 575-82.
  • 24. Liotta L, Costa LN, Chiofalo B, Ravarotto, Chiofalo V. Effect of lairage duration on some blood constituents and beef quality in bulls after long journey. Ital J Anim Sci 2007; 6: 375-84.
  • 25. Mach N, Bach A, Velarde A, Devant M. Association between animal, transportation, slaughterhouse practices, and meat pH in beef. Meat Sci 2008; 78(3): 232-8.
  • 26. Maria GA, Villarroel M, Sanudo C, Olleta JL, Gebresenbet G. Effect of transport time and ageing on aspects of beef quality. Meat Sci 2003; 65(4): 1335-40.
  • 27. Novoa H. Efectos de la duracion y condiciones del reposo en ayuno previo al faenamiento de los bovinos sobre las caracteristicas de la canal. Memoria de Titulo para Optar al Titulo de Medico Veterinario, Facultad de Ciencias Veterinarias, Universidad Austral de Chile, Valdivia, Chile, 2003.
  • 28. Önenç A, Kaya A. Sığırlarda Koyu Renkli Karkas Sorunu, http://agr.ege.edu.tr/files/depo/teknik_brosur/SigirlardaKoyuRenkliKarkasSorunu.doc Erişim Tarihi: 10.04.2017.
  • 29. Pipek P, Haberl A, Jelenikova´ J. Influence of slaughterhouse handling on the quality of beef carcasses. Czech J Anim Sci 2003; 9: 371-8.
  • 30. Seideman SC, Cross HR, Smith GC, Durland PR. Factors associated with fresh meat colour: A review. J Food Quality 1984; 6(3):211-37.
  • 31. Shackelford SD, Wheeler TL, Meade MK, Reagan JO, Byrnes BL, Koohmaraie M. Consumer impressions of tender select beef. J Anim Sci 2001; 79(10): 2605-14.
  • 32. Silva JA, Patarata L, Martins C. Influence of ultimate pH on bovine meat tenderness during ageing. Meat Sci 1999; 52(4): 453-9.
  • 33. Smith GC, Savell JW, Clayton RP, Field TG, Griffin DB, Hale DS, Miller, MF, Montgomery TH, Morgan JB, Tatum JD, Wise, JW. Improving the Consistency and Competitiveness of Beef - A Blueprint for Total Quality Management in the Fed-Beef Industry. The Final Report of the National Beef Quality Audit - 1991. National Cattlemen’s Association, Englewood, CO, 1992.
  • 34. Smith GC, Savell JW, Morgan B, Lawrence TE. National Beef Quality Audit. Colorado State University, Oklahoma State University and Texas A M University for the National Cattlemen’s Beef Association, Englewood, Colorado, 2006.
  • 35. Tadich N, Gallo C, Bustamante H, Schwerter M, van Schaik G. Effects of transport and lairage time on some blood constituents of Friesian-cross steers in Chile. Livest Prod Sci 2005; 93: 222-33.
  • 36. Tarrant PV, eds. Animal Behaviour and Environment in the Dark-Cutting Condition. Australia: Australian Meat and Livestock Research and Development Corporation, 1989; pp. 8-18.
  • 37. Tarrant PV, Grandin T, eds. Cattle Transport. Wallingford, UK: CAB International, 2000; pp. 151-73.
  • 38. Tarrant PV, Kenny F J, Harrington D, Murphy M. Long distance transportation of steers to slaughter: Effect of stocking density on physiology, behaviour and carcass quality. Livest Prod Sci 1992; 30: 223-38.
  • 39. Teke B. Shrink and mortality of beef caatle during long distance transportation. Anim Welfare 2013; 22(3): 379-84.
  • 40. Teke B, Akdag F, Ekiz B, Ugurlu M. Effects of different lairage times after long distance transportation on carcass and meat quality characteristics of Hungarian Simmental bulls. Meat Sci 2014; 96(1): 224-9.
  • 41. Teke B, Ekiz B, Akdag F, Ugurlu M, Ciftci G, Senturk B. Effects of stocking density of lambs on biochemical stres parameters and meat quality related to commercial transportation. Ann Anim Sci 2014; 3: 611-21.
  • 42. Ünal N, Teke B, Özbeyaz C. Ankara Ticaret Borsası Kesimhanesi’ne yapılan kasaplık hayvan nakillerinde bazı koşulların hayvan refahı bakımından incelenmesi. Ankara Univ Vet Fak Deg 2008; 55(1): 51-6.
  • 43. Van de Water G, Verjans F, Geers, R. The effect of short distance transport under commercial conditions on the physiology of slaughter calves; pH, colour profiles of veal. Livest Prod Sci 2003; 82(2): 171-9.
  • 44. Villarroel, M., Maria, GA, Sanudo, C., Olleta, JL, Gebresenbet, G. Effect of transport time on sensorial aspects of beef meat quality. Meat Sci 2003; 63(3): 353-7.
  • 45. Warriss PD, Kestin SC, Brown SN, Wilkins LJ. The time required for recovery from mixing stress in young bulls and the prevention of dark cutting beef. Meat Sci 1984; 10(1): 53-68.
  • 46. Wythes JR, Arthur RJ, Thompson PJM, Williams GE, Bond JH. Effect of transporting cows various distances on liveweight, carcase traits and muscle pH. Austral J Exp Agric and Anim Husb 1981; 21: 557-61.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Bülent Teke 0000-0002-1091-643X

Publication Date August 8, 2019
Submission Date July 27, 2017
Acceptance Date May 25, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 16 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Teke, B. (2019). Kasaplık Sığırlarda Bazı Kesim Öncesi Stress Faktörlerinin Et Kalite Özelliklerine Etkileri. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(2), 147-153. https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.595604
AMA Teke B. Kasaplık Sığırlarda Bazı Kesim Öncesi Stress Faktörlerinin Et Kalite Özelliklerine Etkileri. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg. August 2019;16(2):147-153. doi:10.32707/ercivet.595604
Chicago Teke, Bülent. “Kasaplık Sığırlarda Bazı Kesim Öncesi Stress Faktörlerinin Et Kalite Özelliklerine Etkileri”. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 16, no. 2 (August 2019): 147-53. https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.595604.
EndNote Teke B (August 1, 2019) Kasaplık Sığırlarda Bazı Kesim Öncesi Stress Faktörlerinin Et Kalite Özelliklerine Etkileri. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 16 2 147–153.
IEEE B. Teke, “Kasaplık Sığırlarda Bazı Kesim Öncesi Stress Faktörlerinin Et Kalite Özelliklerine Etkileri”, Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 147–153, 2019, doi: 10.32707/ercivet.595604.
ISNAD Teke, Bülent. “Kasaplık Sığırlarda Bazı Kesim Öncesi Stress Faktörlerinin Et Kalite Özelliklerine Etkileri”. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 16/2 (August 2019), 147-153. https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.595604.
JAMA Teke B. Kasaplık Sığırlarda Bazı Kesim Öncesi Stress Faktörlerinin Et Kalite Özelliklerine Etkileri. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2019;16:147–153.
MLA Teke, Bülent. “Kasaplık Sığırlarda Bazı Kesim Öncesi Stress Faktörlerinin Et Kalite Özelliklerine Etkileri”. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 16, no. 2, 2019, pp. 147-53, doi:10.32707/ercivet.595604.
Vancouver Teke B. Kasaplık Sığırlarda Bazı Kesim Öncesi Stress Faktörlerinin Et Kalite Özelliklerine Etkileri. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2019;16(2):147-53.