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Miksömatöz Mitral Kapak Hastalığı Nedenli Mitral Regürgitasyonu Bulunan Köpeklerde Kardiyak Aritmiler

Year 2019, Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 98 - 102, 08.08.2019

Hadi Alihosseini

https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.595644

Abstract

Mitral regürgitasyonlu (MR) köpeklerde kardiyak remodeling bir çok supraventriküler aritmiyi stimüle edebilmektedir. Bu çalışmanın amacı, MR’li köpeklerde kardiyak remodelingle ilişkili aritmi potansiyeline dikkat çekmektir. Çalışma miksömatöz mitral kapak hastalığı (MMVD) belirtilerini taşıyan sahipli 30 köpekle yapıldı. Kardiyak muayene, kan analizleri ve görüntüleme prosedürlerini kapsayan rutin klinik uygulamalar gerçekleştirildi. Çalışmaya sol apikal kalp üfürümü olan hastalar dahil edildi. Regürgitant akımın sol atriumun % 20’sinden daha az alan kapladığı hafif şiddetli MR’li hastalar grup 1’e (n:10) dahil edilirken; regürgitant akımın sol atriumun % 20-40’ını kaplayan orta şiddetli MR’li hastalar ise grup 2’ye (n:10) alındı. Regürgitant akımın sol atriumun % 40’ından daha fazla alan kapladığı şiddetli MR’li hastalar ise grup 3’e (n:10) dahil edildi. EKG kayıtları 6 derivasyonlu cihaz ile kaydedildi. MMVD’li köpeklerdeki aritmiler sırasıyla; Sinüs taşikardi (n:11, 37%), sinus aritmi (n:10, 33%), supraventriküler prematüre kompleks (n:4, 13%), atrial fibrilasyon (n:4, 13%), taşikardi-bradikardi sendrom (n:2, 6%), 2. derece atriyoventriküler blok (n:2, 6%), sol dal bloğu (n:1, 3%) ve sinus pause’du (n:1, 3%). Kardiyak aritmilerin frekans dağılımları ile MR’nin şiddeti arasında bir ilişki bulunmadı (p>0.05). MR’li köpeklerde kardiyak remodelingin birçok supraventriküler aritmiyi stimüle edebileceği sonucuna varıldı. Her ne kadar kardiyak aritmiler ile MR’nin şiddeti arasında ilişki bulunamadıysa da, bu konuda daha geniş olgu sayılı ileri çalışmalara ihtiyaç vardır.

Keywords

Aritmi kalp köpek mitral regürgitasyon

References

  • 1. Atkins C, Bonagura J, Ettinger S, Fox P, Gordon S, Häggström J, Hamlin R, Keene R, Fuentes VL, Stepien R. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of canine chronic valvular heart disease. J Vet Intern Med 2009; 23: 1142-50.
  • 2. Baisan RA, Bîrsan O, Vulpe V. Electrocardiographic changes in chronic valvular disease and dilated cardiomyopathy in dog. HVM 2016; 8(2): 98-101.
  • 3. Borgarelli M, Zini E, D’Agnolo G, Tarducci A, Santilli RA, Chivegato D, Tursi M, Prunotto M, Haggström J. Comparison of primary mitral valve disease in German Shepherd dogs and in small breeds. J Vet Cardiol 2004; 6: 25-31.
  • 4. Crosara S, Borgarelli M, Perego M, Häggström J, La Rosa G, Tarducci A, Santilli RA. Holter monitoring in 36 dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease. Aust Vet J 2010; 88(10): 386-92.
  • 5. Falk T, Jönsson L. Ischaemic heart disease in the dog: A review of 65 cases. J Small Anim Pract 2000; 41(3): 97-103.
  • 6. Fuentes VL. Echocardiography and doppler ultrasound. Tilley LP. Smith FWK. eds. In: Manual of Canine and Feline Cardiology. Canada, Missouri: Elsevier, 2008; pp. 78-98.
  • 7. Häggström J, Kvart C, Pedersen HD. Acquired valvular disease. Ettinger SJ. Feldman EC. eds. In: Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine. USA, Missouri: Elsevier, 2005; pp. 1022-39.
  • 8. Hall LW, Dunn JK, Delaney M, Shapiro LM. Ambulatory electrocardiography in dogs. Vet Rec 1991; 129: 213-6.
  • 9. Kittleson MD. Diagnosis and treatment of arrhythmias (dysrhythmias). Kittleson MD. Kienle RD eds. In: Small Animal Cardiovascular Medicine. USA: Elsevier, 1998; pp. 449-94.
  • 10. Oyama MA, Rush JE, Rozanski EA, Fox PR, Reynolds CA, Gordon SG, Bulmer BJ, Lefbom BK, Brown BA, Lehmkuhl LB, Prosek R, Lesser MB, Kraus MS, Bossbaly MJ, Rapoport GS, Boileau JS. Assessment of serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide concentration for differentiation of congestive heart failure from primary respiratory tract disease as the cause of respiratory signs in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2009; 235(11): 1319-25.
  • 11. Pedersen HD, Kristensen BO, Norby B, Lorentzen KA. Echocardiographic study of mitral valve prolapse in Dachsunds. J Vet Med A 1996; 43:103-10.
  • 12. Perego M, Skert S, Santilli RA. Analysis of the atrial repolarization wave in dogs with third-degree atrioventricular block. Am J Vet Res 2014; 75(1): 54-8.
  • 13. Rasmussen CE, Vesterholm S, Ludvigsen TP, Häggström J, Pedersen HD, Moesgaard SG, Olsen LH. Holter Monitoring in Clinically Healthy Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, Wire-Haired Dachshunds, and Cairn Terriers. J Vet Intern Med 2011; 25: 460-8.
  • 14. Reimann MJ, Møller JE, Häggström J, Markussen B, Holen AE, Falk T, Olsen LH. R-R interval variations influence the degree of mitral regurgitation in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease. Vet J 2014; 199 (3): 348-54.
  • 15. Soares FAC. Supraventricular trigeminy in a dog with myxomatous mitral valve disease. Ciência Rural 2017; 47: 9.
  • 16. Solti F, Kékesi V, Juhász-Nagy A. The effect of atrial dilatation on reperfusion arrhythmias: development of supraventricular tachycardias on reperfusion with atrial stretching. Acta Med Hung 1989; 49(3-4): 159-70.
  • 17. Tang M, Zhang S, Sun Q, Huang C. Alterations in electrophysiology and tissue structure of the left atrial posterior wall in a canine model of atrial fibrillation caused by chronic atrial dilatation. Circ J 2007; 71 (10): 1636-42.
  • 18. Verheule S, Wilson E, Everett T, Shanbhag S, Golden C, Olgin J. Alterations in atrial electrophysiology and tissue structure in a canine model of chronic atrial dilatation due to mitral regurgitation. Circulation 2003; 107 (20): 2615-22.
  • 19. Vestberg AR, Tidholm A, Ljungvall I. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory electrocardiography characterization of heart rhythm in Vipera berus-envenomed dogs. Acta Vet Scand 2017; 59(1): 28.

Cardiac Arrhythmias in Dogs with Mitral Regurgitation due to Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease

Year 2019, Volume: 16 Issue: 2, 98 - 102, 08.08.2019

Hadi Alihosseini

https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.595644

Abstract

Cardiac remodeling in dogs with mitral regurgitation (MR) may stimulate several supraventricular arrhythmias. The purpose of this study was to point out the potential of cardiac arrhythmias related to remodeling in dogs with MR. The study was carried out in 30 client-owned dogs with the signs of myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD). Routine clinical applications including cardiac examination, blood analyses and imaging procedures were performed. The inclusion criterion was the presence of left apical heart murmur. While group 1 (n:10) was defined as mild MR with regurgitant jet occupying less than 20% of the left atrial area, group 2 (n:10) was defined as moderate MR with regurgitant jet occupying between 20-40% of the left atrial area. Group 3 (n:10) was also defined as severe MR with regurgitant jet occupying more than 40% of the left atrial area. ECG variables were recorded by a 6-lead ECG machine. Arrhythmias in dogs with MMVD included Sinus Tachycardia (n:11, 37%), Sinus Arrhythmia (n:10, 33%), Supraventricular Premature Complex (n:4, 13%), Atrial Fibrillation (n:4, 13%), Tachycardia-Bradycardia Syndrome (n:2, 6%), 2nd Degree Atrioventricular Block (n:2, 6%), Left Bundle Branch Block (n:1, 3%) and Sinus Pause (n:1, 3%). No significant association were found between the presence of cardiac arrhythmias and the severity of MR groups (p>0.05). In conclusion, cardiac remodeling in dogs with MR can induce several supraventricular arrhythmias. Although we could not find significant correlations between the presence of cardiac arrhythmias and the severity of MR groups, further studies with larger case series are required.

References

  • 1. Atkins C, Bonagura J, Ettinger S, Fox P, Gordon S, Häggström J, Hamlin R, Keene R, Fuentes VL, Stepien R. Guidelines for the diagnosis and treatment of canine chronic valvular heart disease. J Vet Intern Med 2009; 23: 1142-50.
  • 2. Baisan RA, Bîrsan O, Vulpe V. Electrocardiographic changes in chronic valvular disease and dilated cardiomyopathy in dog. HVM 2016; 8(2): 98-101.
  • 3. Borgarelli M, Zini E, D’Agnolo G, Tarducci A, Santilli RA, Chivegato D, Tursi M, Prunotto M, Haggström J. Comparison of primary mitral valve disease in German Shepherd dogs and in small breeds. J Vet Cardiol 2004; 6: 25-31.
  • 4. Crosara S, Borgarelli M, Perego M, Häggström J, La Rosa G, Tarducci A, Santilli RA. Holter monitoring in 36 dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease. Aust Vet J 2010; 88(10): 386-92.
  • 5. Falk T, Jönsson L. Ischaemic heart disease in the dog: A review of 65 cases. J Small Anim Pract 2000; 41(3): 97-103.
  • 6. Fuentes VL. Echocardiography and doppler ultrasound. Tilley LP. Smith FWK. eds. In: Manual of Canine and Feline Cardiology. Canada, Missouri: Elsevier, 2008; pp. 78-98.
  • 7. Häggström J, Kvart C, Pedersen HD. Acquired valvular disease. Ettinger SJ. Feldman EC. eds. In: Textbook of Veterinary Internal Medicine. USA, Missouri: Elsevier, 2005; pp. 1022-39.
  • 8. Hall LW, Dunn JK, Delaney M, Shapiro LM. Ambulatory electrocardiography in dogs. Vet Rec 1991; 129: 213-6.
  • 9. Kittleson MD. Diagnosis and treatment of arrhythmias (dysrhythmias). Kittleson MD. Kienle RD eds. In: Small Animal Cardiovascular Medicine. USA: Elsevier, 1998; pp. 449-94.
  • 10. Oyama MA, Rush JE, Rozanski EA, Fox PR, Reynolds CA, Gordon SG, Bulmer BJ, Lefbom BK, Brown BA, Lehmkuhl LB, Prosek R, Lesser MB, Kraus MS, Bossbaly MJ, Rapoport GS, Boileau JS. Assessment of serum N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide concentration for differentiation of congestive heart failure from primary respiratory tract disease as the cause of respiratory signs in dogs. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2009; 235(11): 1319-25.
  • 11. Pedersen HD, Kristensen BO, Norby B, Lorentzen KA. Echocardiographic study of mitral valve prolapse in Dachsunds. J Vet Med A 1996; 43:103-10.
  • 12. Perego M, Skert S, Santilli RA. Analysis of the atrial repolarization wave in dogs with third-degree atrioventricular block. Am J Vet Res 2014; 75(1): 54-8.
  • 13. Rasmussen CE, Vesterholm S, Ludvigsen TP, Häggström J, Pedersen HD, Moesgaard SG, Olsen LH. Holter Monitoring in Clinically Healthy Cavalier King Charles Spaniels, Wire-Haired Dachshunds, and Cairn Terriers. J Vet Intern Med 2011; 25: 460-8.
  • 14. Reimann MJ, Møller JE, Häggström J, Markussen B, Holen AE, Falk T, Olsen LH. R-R interval variations influence the degree of mitral regurgitation in dogs with myxomatous mitral valve disease. Vet J 2014; 199 (3): 348-54.
  • 15. Soares FAC. Supraventricular trigeminy in a dog with myxomatous mitral valve disease. Ciência Rural 2017; 47: 9.
  • 16. Solti F, Kékesi V, Juhász-Nagy A. The effect of atrial dilatation on reperfusion arrhythmias: development of supraventricular tachycardias on reperfusion with atrial stretching. Acta Med Hung 1989; 49(3-4): 159-70.
  • 17. Tang M, Zhang S, Sun Q, Huang C. Alterations in electrophysiology and tissue structure of the left atrial posterior wall in a canine model of atrial fibrillation caused by chronic atrial dilatation. Circ J 2007; 71 (10): 1636-42.
  • 18. Verheule S, Wilson E, Everett T, Shanbhag S, Golden C, Olgin J. Alterations in atrial electrophysiology and tissue structure in a canine model of chronic atrial dilatation due to mitral regurgitation. Circulation 2003; 107 (20): 2615-22.
  • 19. Vestberg AR, Tidholm A, Ljungvall I. Twenty-four-hour ambulatory electrocardiography characterization of heart rhythm in Vipera berus-envenomed dogs. Acta Vet Scand 2017; 59(1): 28.
There are 19 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Hadi Alihosseini 0000-0001-8846-4827

Publication Date August 8, 2019
Submission Date April 6, 2018
Acceptance Date February 8, 2019
Published in Issue Year 2019 Volume: 16 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Alihosseini, H. (2019). Cardiac Arrhythmias in Dogs with Mitral Regurgitation due to Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 16(2), 98-102. https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.595644
AMA Alihosseini H. Cardiac Arrhythmias in Dogs with Mitral Regurgitation due to Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg. August 2019;16(2):98-102. doi:10.32707/ercivet.595644
Chicago Alihosseini, Hadi. “Cardiac Arrhythmias in Dogs With Mitral Regurgitation Due to Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease”. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 16, no. 2 (August 2019): 98-102. https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.595644.
EndNote Alihosseini H (August 1, 2019) Cardiac Arrhythmias in Dogs with Mitral Regurgitation due to Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 16 2 98–102.
IEEE H. Alihosseini, “Cardiac Arrhythmias in Dogs with Mitral Regurgitation due to Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease”, Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg, vol. 16, no. 2, pp. 98–102, 2019, doi: 10.32707/ercivet.595644.
ISNAD Alihosseini, Hadi. “Cardiac Arrhythmias in Dogs With Mitral Regurgitation Due to Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease”. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 16/2 (August 2019), 98-102. https://doi.org/10.32707/ercivet.595644.
JAMA Alihosseini H. Cardiac Arrhythmias in Dogs with Mitral Regurgitation due to Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2019;16:98–102.
MLA Alihosseini, Hadi. “Cardiac Arrhythmias in Dogs With Mitral Regurgitation Due to Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease”. Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 16, no. 2, 2019, pp. 98-102, doi:10.32707/ercivet.595644.
Vancouver Alihosseini H. Cardiac Arrhythmias in Dogs with Mitral Regurgitation due to Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease. Erciyes Üniv Vet Fak Derg. 2019;16(2):98-102.
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