Research Article
BIOMONITORING OF SOME PERSISTENT ORGANOCHLORINE CONTAMINANTS IN THE MILK OF ANATOLIAN WATER BUFFALOES
Abstract
In this study, 50 raw milk
samples of Anatolian water buffalo (Bubalus bubalis, Linneaus, 1758)
belonging to different dairy farmers in the Kızılırmak Delta in Samsun, Turkey,
were investigated for contamination by 9 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and
16 polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). The contaminants were extracted
cryogenically from the milk fat and their concentrations were determined with a
gas chromatography-electron capture detector (GC-ECD). The mean level of
alpha-hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH) in the milk samples was 6.34 ng/g/fat,
beta-HCH was 20.41 ng/g/fat, gamma-HCH was 9.77 ng/g/fat, ∑DDTs was 18.11
ng/g/fat and ∑Indicator-PCBs was 127.27 ng/g/fat. The mean values, except for
aldrin and ∑DDTs, were above the maximum residue limits (MRLs) stated in the
European Commission (EC) Regulations and Turkish Food Codex (TFC). Regular monitoring and reporting of the levels of
persistent organochlorines in the meat, milk and processed products of water
buffaloes is essential for the assessment of human, animal and environmental
health.
References
- Abbassy, M. M. S. (2017). Pesticide Residues in Buffalo and Human Breast Milk of Vegetables and Fruits Farming Community at Northern of Delta in Egypt. Journal of Environmental & Analytical Toxicology, 07(02), 1-5.
- Aksoy, A., Das, Y. K., Yavuz, O., Guvenc, D., Atmaca, E., & Agaoglu, S. (2011). Organochlorine pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyls levels in fish and mussel in Van region, Turkey. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 87(1), 65-69.
- Aksoy, A., Dervisoglu, M., Guvenc, D., Gul, O., Yazici, F., & Atmaca, E. (2013). Levels of organochlorine pesticide residues in butter samples collected from the Black Sea Region of Turkey. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 90(1), 110-115.
- Aslam, M., Rais, S., & Alam, M. (2013). Quantification of organochlorine pesticide residues in the buffalo milk samples of Delhi City, India. Journal of Environmental Protection, 4(09), 964.
- Bakan, G., Özkoç, H. B., Tülek, S., & Cüce1T, H. (2010). Integrated environmental quality assessment of the Kızılırmak River and its coastal environment. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 10(4).
- Barman, R. M., & Mishra, B. K. (2015). Occurrence of organochlorine pesticide residues in buffalo milk of Dhanbad city, Jharkhand, India. International Journal of Current Research, 7(8), 19189-19193.
- Bordet, F., Inthavong, D., & Fremy, J.-M. (2002). Interlaboratory study of a multiresidue gas chromatographic method for determination of organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides and polychlorobiphenyls in milk, fish, eggs, and beef fat. Journal of AOAC International, 85(6), 1398-1409.
- Bulut, S., Akkaya, L., Gok, V., & Konuk, M. (2011). Organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residues in cow's, buffalo's, and sheep's milk from Afyonkarahisar region, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 181(1-4), 555-562.
- Cirillo, T., Viscardi, V., Farina, A., Fasano, E., Del Prete, U., & Cocchieri, R. A. (2008). Occurrence of polychlorobiphenyls in buffalo mozzarella cheese from Campania (Italy). Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene, 49(4), 136-141.
- Colosio, C., Tiramani, M., & Maroni, M. (2003). Neurobehavioral effects of pesticides: state of the art. Neurotoxicology, 24(4-5), 577-591.
- EC (2006). European Comission, Setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Official Journal of the European Union. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:364:0005:0024:EN:PDF
- EC (2011). Amending regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 as regards maximum levels for dioxins, dioxin-like PCBs and non dioxin-like PCBs in foodstuffs, L 320 C.F.R. (2011).
- EC (2018). EU legislation on MRLs. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/pesticides/max_residue_levels/eu_rules_en
- EFSA (2018). National summary reports on pesticide residue analysis performed in 2016. EFSA Journal, EN-1454, 1-175.
- El-Shahawi, M. S., Hamza, A., Bashammakh, A. S., & Al-Saggaf, W. T. (2010). An overview on the accumulation, distribution, transformations, toxicity and analytical methods for the monitoring of persistent organic pollutants. Talanta, 80(5), 1587-1597.
- Esposito, M., Serpe, F. P., Neugebauer, F., Cavallo, S., Gallo, P., Colarusso, G., Baldi, L., Iovane, G., & Serpe, L. (2010). Contamination levels and congener distribution of PCDDs, PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs in buffalo’s milk from Caserta province (Italy). Chemosphere, 79(3), 341-348.
- Gedik, K., & İmamoğlu, İ. (2012). Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) Evaluation of Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Sources in Sediments of Kızılırmak River, Turkey, Near a Scrap Yard. Environmental Forensics, 13(1), 39-44.
- Güvenç, D., & Aksoy, A. (2009). Investigation of some pesticide residues in raw milk samples collected from Samsun province. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 16(2), 281-286.
- Hong, S. H., Yim, U. H., Shim, W. J., Oh, J. R., & Lee, I. S. (2003). Horizontal and vertical distribution of PCBs and chlorinated pesticides in sediments from Masan Bay, Korea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 46(2), 244-253.
- John, P. J., Bakore, N., & Bhatnagar, P. (2001). Assessment of organochlorine pesticide residue levels in dairy milk and buffalo milk from Jaipur City, Rajasthan, India. Environment International, 26(4), 231-236.
- Makadiya, J., & Pandey, A. (2017). Detection of pesticides in buffalo milk collected from different areas of Gandhinagar and Ahmedabad by thin layer chromatography. International Journal of ChemTech Research, 10(1), 231-238.
- Medrado-Faria, M. D., de Almeida, J. W., Zanetta, D. M., & Gattas, G. J. (2000). Nervous system cancer mortality in an industrialized area of Brazil 1980-1993. Arq Neuropsiquiatr, 58(2b), 412-417.
- Ménard, O., Ahmad, S., Rousseau, F., Briard-Bion, V., Gaucheron, F., & Lopez, C. (2010). Buffalo vs. cow milk fat globules: Size distribution, zeta-potential, compositions in total fatty acids and in polar lipids from the milk fat globule membrane. Food Chemistry, 120(2), 544-551.Mrema, E. J., Rubino, F. M., Brambilla, G., Moretto, A., Tsatsakis, A. M., & Colosio, C. (2013). Persistent organochlorinated pesticides and mechanisms of their toxicity. Toxicology, 307, 74-88.
- Muscat, J. E., Britton, J. A., Djordjevic, M. V., Citron, M. L., Kemeny, M., Busch-Devereaux, E., Pittman, B., & Stellman, S. D. (2003). Adipose concentrations of organochlorine compounds and breast cancer recurrence in Long Island, New York. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 12(12), 1474-1478.Pasquini, M., Osimani, A., Tavoletti, S., Moreno, I., Clementi, F., & Trombetta, M. F. (2018). Trends in the quality and hygiene parameters of bulk Italian Mediterranean buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) milk: A three year study. Animal Science Journal, 89(1), 176-185.
- Porpora, M. G., Medda, E., Abballe, A., Bolli, S., De Angelis, I., di Domenico, A., Ferro, A., Ingelido, A. M., Maggi, A., Panici, P. B., & De Felip, E. (2009). Endometriosis and organochlorinated environmental pollutants: a case-control study on Italian women of reproductive age. Environ Health Perspect, 117(7), 1070-1075.
- Sajid, M. W., Shamoon, M., Randhawa, M. A., Asim, M., & Chaudhry, A. S. (2016). The impact of seasonal variation on organochlorine pesticide residues in buffalo and cow milk of selected dairy farms from Faisalabad region. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 188(10).
- Santelli, F., Boscaino, F., Cautela, D., Castaldo, D., & Malorni, A. (2006). Determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-furans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in buffalo milk and mozzarella cheese. European Food Research and Technology, 223(1), 51-56.
- Schettgen, T., Alt, A., Esser, A., & Kraus, T. (2015). Current data on the background burden to the persistent organochlorine pollutants HCB, p, p′-DDE as well as PCB 138, PCB 153 and PCB 180 in plasma of the general population in Germany. International journal of hygiene and environmental health, 218(4), 380-385.
- Selcuk, Z. (2012). The Kızılırmak Delta: the natural habitat of Anatolian Water Buffaloes. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(1), 167-168.
- Shaker, E. M., & Elsharkawy, E. E. (2015). Organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues in raw buffalo milk from agroindustrial areas in Assiut, Egypt. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 39(1), 433-440.
- TFC (2011). Turkish Food Codex, Turk Gida Kodeksi Bulasanlar Yonetmeligi. 28157. Retrieved from http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2011/12/20111229M3-8.htm
- Yilmaz, A., Ocak, E., & Kose, S. (2017). A research on milk yield, milk composition and body weights of Anatolian buffaloes. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 51(3), 564-569.
Year 2019,
Volume: 44 Issue: 2, 348 - 356, 15.04.2019
Abstract
Bu çalışmada, Samsun Kızılırmak
deltasındaki farklı yetiştiricilere ait mandalardan (Bubalus bubalis,
Linneaus, 1758) toplanan 50 çiğ süt örneğinde, çevresel kontaminasyonu
belirlemek için 9 organik klorlu pestisit ve 16 poliklorlu bifenil bileşik
kalıntısı araştırıldı. Süt yağından kriyojenik yöntemle ekstrakte edilen
analitlerin düzeyleri elektron yakalama detektörlü gaz kromatografi (GC-ECD)
ile ölçüldü. Süt örneklerinde ortalama alfa-HCH düzeyi 6.34 ng/g/yağ, ortalama
beta-HCH 20.41 ng/g yağ, ortalama gamma-HCH 9.77 ng/g/yağ, ortalama ∑DDT 18.11
ng/g/yağ ve ortalama ∑İndikatör-PCB 127.27 ng/g/yağ olarak tespit edildi. Aldrin
ve ∑DDT dışındaki miktarlar Avrupa Birliği Yönetmelikleri ve Türk Gıda
Kodeksi’nde belirtilen değerlerin üzerinde bulundu. Çevrede uzun yıllar
etkinliklerini koruyabilen kalıcı organik klorlu bileşiklerin mandalardan elde
edilen et, süt ve işlenmiş hayvansal ürünlerde düzenli aralıklarla izlenmesi ve
bildirilmesi insan, hayvan ve çevre sağlığının değerlendirilmesi açısından
önemlidir.
References
- Abbassy, M. M. S. (2017). Pesticide Residues in Buffalo and Human Breast Milk of Vegetables and Fruits Farming Community at Northern of Delta in Egypt. Journal of Environmental & Analytical Toxicology, 07(02), 1-5.
- Aksoy, A., Das, Y. K., Yavuz, O., Guvenc, D., Atmaca, E., & Agaoglu, S. (2011). Organochlorine pesticide and polychlorinated biphenyls levels in fish and mussel in Van region, Turkey. Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology, 87(1), 65-69.
- Aksoy, A., Dervisoglu, M., Guvenc, D., Gul, O., Yazici, F., & Atmaca, E. (2013). Levels of organochlorine pesticide residues in butter samples collected from the Black Sea Region of Turkey. Bull Environ Contam Toxicol, 90(1), 110-115.
- Aslam, M., Rais, S., & Alam, M. (2013). Quantification of organochlorine pesticide residues in the buffalo milk samples of Delhi City, India. Journal of Environmental Protection, 4(09), 964.
- Bakan, G., Özkoç, H. B., Tülek, S., & Cüce1T, H. (2010). Integrated environmental quality assessment of the Kızılırmak River and its coastal environment. Turkish Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Sciences, 10(4).
- Barman, R. M., & Mishra, B. K. (2015). Occurrence of organochlorine pesticide residues in buffalo milk of Dhanbad city, Jharkhand, India. International Journal of Current Research, 7(8), 19189-19193.
- Bordet, F., Inthavong, D., & Fremy, J.-M. (2002). Interlaboratory study of a multiresidue gas chromatographic method for determination of organochlorine and pyrethroid pesticides and polychlorobiphenyls in milk, fish, eggs, and beef fat. Journal of AOAC International, 85(6), 1398-1409.
- Bulut, S., Akkaya, L., Gok, V., & Konuk, M. (2011). Organochlorine pesticide (OCP) residues in cow's, buffalo's, and sheep's milk from Afyonkarahisar region, Turkey. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 181(1-4), 555-562.
- Cirillo, T., Viscardi, V., Farina, A., Fasano, E., Del Prete, U., & Cocchieri, R. A. (2008). Occurrence of polychlorobiphenyls in buffalo mozzarella cheese from Campania (Italy). Journal of preventive medicine and hygiene, 49(4), 136-141.
- Colosio, C., Tiramani, M., & Maroni, M. (2003). Neurobehavioral effects of pesticides: state of the art. Neurotoxicology, 24(4-5), 577-591.
- EC (2006). European Comission, Setting maximum levels for certain contaminants in foodstuffs. Official Journal of the European Union. Retrieved from https://eur-lex.europa.eu/LexUriServ/LexUriServ.do?uri=OJ:L:2006:364:0005:0024:EN:PDF
- EC (2011). Amending regulation (EC) No 1881/2006 as regards maximum levels for dioxins, dioxin-like PCBs and non dioxin-like PCBs in foodstuffs, L 320 C.F.R. (2011).
- EC (2018). EU legislation on MRLs. Retrieved from https://ec.europa.eu/food/plant/pesticides/max_residue_levels/eu_rules_en
- EFSA (2018). National summary reports on pesticide residue analysis performed in 2016. EFSA Journal, EN-1454, 1-175.
- El-Shahawi, M. S., Hamza, A., Bashammakh, A. S., & Al-Saggaf, W. T. (2010). An overview on the accumulation, distribution, transformations, toxicity and analytical methods for the monitoring of persistent organic pollutants. Talanta, 80(5), 1587-1597.
- Esposito, M., Serpe, F. P., Neugebauer, F., Cavallo, S., Gallo, P., Colarusso, G., Baldi, L., Iovane, G., & Serpe, L. (2010). Contamination levels and congener distribution of PCDDs, PCDFs and dioxin-like PCBs in buffalo’s milk from Caserta province (Italy). Chemosphere, 79(3), 341-348.
- Gedik, K., & İmamoğlu, İ. (2012). Chemical Mass Balance (CMB) Evaluation of Polychlorinated Biphenyl (PCB) Sources in Sediments of Kızılırmak River, Turkey, Near a Scrap Yard. Environmental Forensics, 13(1), 39-44.
- Güvenç, D., & Aksoy, A. (2009). Investigation of some pesticide residues in raw milk samples collected from Samsun province. Kafkas Universitesi Veteriner Fakultesi Dergisi, 16(2), 281-286.
- Hong, S. H., Yim, U. H., Shim, W. J., Oh, J. R., & Lee, I. S. (2003). Horizontal and vertical distribution of PCBs and chlorinated pesticides in sediments from Masan Bay, Korea. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 46(2), 244-253.
- John, P. J., Bakore, N., & Bhatnagar, P. (2001). Assessment of organochlorine pesticide residue levels in dairy milk and buffalo milk from Jaipur City, Rajasthan, India. Environment International, 26(4), 231-236.
- Makadiya, J., & Pandey, A. (2017). Detection of pesticides in buffalo milk collected from different areas of Gandhinagar and Ahmedabad by thin layer chromatography. International Journal of ChemTech Research, 10(1), 231-238.
- Medrado-Faria, M. D., de Almeida, J. W., Zanetta, D. M., & Gattas, G. J. (2000). Nervous system cancer mortality in an industrialized area of Brazil 1980-1993. Arq Neuropsiquiatr, 58(2b), 412-417.
- Ménard, O., Ahmad, S., Rousseau, F., Briard-Bion, V., Gaucheron, F., & Lopez, C. (2010). Buffalo vs. cow milk fat globules: Size distribution, zeta-potential, compositions in total fatty acids and in polar lipids from the milk fat globule membrane. Food Chemistry, 120(2), 544-551.Mrema, E. J., Rubino, F. M., Brambilla, G., Moretto, A., Tsatsakis, A. M., & Colosio, C. (2013). Persistent organochlorinated pesticides and mechanisms of their toxicity. Toxicology, 307, 74-88.
- Muscat, J. E., Britton, J. A., Djordjevic, M. V., Citron, M. L., Kemeny, M., Busch-Devereaux, E., Pittman, B., & Stellman, S. D. (2003). Adipose concentrations of organochlorine compounds and breast cancer recurrence in Long Island, New York. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev, 12(12), 1474-1478.Pasquini, M., Osimani, A., Tavoletti, S., Moreno, I., Clementi, F., & Trombetta, M. F. (2018). Trends in the quality and hygiene parameters of bulk Italian Mediterranean buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) milk: A three year study. Animal Science Journal, 89(1), 176-185.
- Porpora, M. G., Medda, E., Abballe, A., Bolli, S., De Angelis, I., di Domenico, A., Ferro, A., Ingelido, A. M., Maggi, A., Panici, P. B., & De Felip, E. (2009). Endometriosis and organochlorinated environmental pollutants: a case-control study on Italian women of reproductive age. Environ Health Perspect, 117(7), 1070-1075.
- Sajid, M. W., Shamoon, M., Randhawa, M. A., Asim, M., & Chaudhry, A. S. (2016). The impact of seasonal variation on organochlorine pesticide residues in buffalo and cow milk of selected dairy farms from Faisalabad region. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 188(10).
- Santelli, F., Boscaino, F., Cautela, D., Castaldo, D., & Malorni, A. (2006). Determination of polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzo-p-furans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in buffalo milk and mozzarella cheese. European Food Research and Technology, 223(1), 51-56.
- Schettgen, T., Alt, A., Esser, A., & Kraus, T. (2015). Current data on the background burden to the persistent organochlorine pollutants HCB, p, p′-DDE as well as PCB 138, PCB 153 and PCB 180 in plasma of the general population in Germany. International journal of hygiene and environmental health, 218(4), 380-385.
- Selcuk, Z. (2012). The Kızılırmak Delta: the natural habitat of Anatolian Water Buffaloes. Kafkas Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 18(1), 167-168.
- Shaker, E. M., & Elsharkawy, E. E. (2015). Organochlorine and organophosphorus pesticide residues in raw buffalo milk from agroindustrial areas in Assiut, Egypt. Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology, 39(1), 433-440.
- TFC (2011). Turkish Food Codex, Turk Gida Kodeksi Bulasanlar Yonetmeligi. 28157. Retrieved from http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2011/12/20111229M3-8.htm
- Yilmaz, A., Ocak, E., & Kose, S. (2017). A research on milk yield, milk composition and body weights of Anatolian buffaloes. Indian Journal of Animal Research, 51(3), 564-569.
There are 32 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Journal Section | Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | April 15, 2019 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2019 Volume: 44 Issue: 2 |
