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The effects of taurine on central nervous system

Year 2020, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 214 - 219, 23.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.751318

Abstract

Taurine is a neuroprotective amino acid which regulates gene expression of neural stem and precursor cells, modulating inflammatory pathways in the central nervous system, suppressing apoptosis, antioxidant effect and controlling cell volume and water content of neurons. Taurine suppresses endoplasmic stress-mediated apoptosis through the ionotropic taurine receptor and the metabotropic taurine receptor. Due to its neuroprotective effect, taurine is successfully used in the prophylaxis and treatment of neurodegenerative disorders. This review aims to present current scientific information of the effects of taurine on the central nervous system and its use in alleviating central nervous system disorders.

References

  • Adedara IA, Olabiyi BF, Ojuade TD, Idris UF, Onibiyo EM, Farombi EO, 2017: Taurine reverses sodium fluoride-mediated increase in inflammation, caspase-3 activity, and oxidative damage along the brain-pituitary-gonadal axis in male rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol, 95, 1019-1029.
  • Ananchaipatana-Auitragoon P, Ananchaipatana-Auitragoon Y, Siripornpanich V, Kotchabhakdi N, 2015: Protective role of taurine in developing offspring affected by maternal alcohol consumption. EXCLI J, 14, 660-671.
  • Caletti G, Herrmann AP, Pulcinelli RR, Steffens L, Morás AM, Vianna P, Chies J, Moura DJ, Barros H, Gomez R, 2018: Taurine counteracts the neurotoxic effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Amino Acids, 50, 95-104. Camargo RL, Batista TM, Ribeiro RA, Branco RC, Da Silva PM, Izumi C, Araujo TR, Greene LJ, Boschero AC, Carneiro EM, 2015: Taurine supplementation preserves hypothalamic leptin action in normal and protein-restricted mice fed on a high-fat diet. Amino Acids, 47, 2419-2435.
  • Cardin V, Lezama R, Torres-Márquez ME, Pasantes-Morales H, 2003: Potentiation of the osmosensitive taurine release and cell volume regulation by cytosolic Ca2+ rise in cultured cerebellar astrocytes. Glia, 44, 119-128.
  • Chan CY, Sun HS, Shah SM, Agovic MS, Ho I, Friedman E, Banerjee SP, 2013: Direct interaction of taurine with the NMDA glutamate receptor subtype via multiple mechanisms. Adv Exp Med Biol, 775, 45-52.
  • Che Y, Hou L, Sun F, Zhang C, Liu X, Piao F, Zhang D, Li H, Wang Q, 2018: Taurine protects dopaminergic neurons in a mouse Parkinson's disease model through inhibition of microglial M1 polarization. Cell Death Dis, 9, 435.
  • Chen C, Yang Q, Ma X, 2020: Synergistic effect of ascorbic acid and taurine in the treatment of a spinal cord injury-induced model in rats. 3 Biotech, 10, 50.
  • De Luca A, Pierno S, Camerino DC, 2015: Taurine: The appeal of a safe amino acid for skeletal muscle disorders. J Transl Med, 13, 243.
  • Deleuze C, Duvoid A, Moos FC, Hussy N, 2000: Tyrosine phosphorylation modulates the osmosensitivity of volume-dependent taurine efflux from glial cells in the rat supraoptic nucleus. J Physiol, 2, 291-299.
  • Engelmann M, Ludwig M, Singewald N, Ebner K, Sabatier N, Lubec G, Landgraf R, Wotjak CT, 2001: Taurine selectively modulates the secretory activity of vasopressin neurons in conscious rats. Eur J Neurosci, 14(7), 1047-1055.
  • Foos TM, Wu JY, 2002: The role of taurine in the central nervous system and the modulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis. Neurochem Res, 27(1-2):21-26.
  • Franscescon F, Müller TE, Bertoncello KT, Rosemberg DB, 2020: Neuroprotective role of taurine on MK-801-induced memory impairment and hyperlocomotion in zebrafish. Neurochem Int, 135, 104710.
  • Gu Y, Zhao Y, Qian K, Sun M, 2015: Taurine attenuates hippocampal and corpus callosum damage, and enhances neurological recovery after closed head injury in rats. Neuroscience, 291, 331-340.
  • Hackett MJ, Paterson PG, Pickering IJ, George GN, 2016: Imaging Taurine in the Central Nervous System Using Chemically Specific X-ray Fluorescence Imaging at the Sulfur K-Edge. Anal Chem, 88, 10916-10924.
  • Hernández-Benítez R, Pasantes-Morales H, Saldaña IT, Ramos-Mandujano G, 2010: Taurine stimulates proliferation of mice embryonic cultured neural progenitor cells. J Neurosci Res, 88, 1673-1681.
  • Hernández-Benítez R, Ramos-Mandujano G, Pasantes-Morales H, 2012: Taurine stimulates proliferation and promotes neurogenesis of mouse adult cultured neural stem/progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res, 9, 24-34.
  • Jangra A, Rajput P, Dwivedi DK, Lahkar M, 2020: Amelioration of repeated restraint stress-induced behavioral deficits and hippocampal anomalies with taurine treatment in mice. Neurochem Res, 45, 731‐740.
  • Jia F, Yue M, Chandra D, Keramidas A, Goldstein PA, Homanics GE, Harrison NL, 2008: Taurine is a potent activator of extrasynaptic GABA(A) receptors in the thalamus. J Neurosci, 28, 106-115.
  • Junyent F, De Lemos L, Utrera J, Paco S, Aguado F, Camins A, Pallàs M, Romero R, Auladell C, 2011: Content and traffic of taurine in hippocampal reactive astrocytes. Hippocampus, 21, 185-197.
  • Liu Y, Li F, Zhang L, Wu J, Wang Y, Yu H, 2017: Taurine alleviates lipopolysaccharide‑induced liver injury by anti-inflammation and antioxidants in rats. Mol Med Rep, 16, 6512-6517.
  • Louzada PR, Paula Lima AC, Mendonca-Silva DL, Noël F, De Mello FG, Ferreira ST, 2004: Taurine prevents the neurotoxicity of beta-amyloid and glutamate receptor agonists: activation of GABA receptors and possible implications for Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders. FASEB J, 18, 511-518.
  • Menzie J, Prentice H, Wu JY, 2013: Neuroprotective mechanisms of taurine against ischemic stroke. Brain Sci, 3, 877-907.
  • Morales I, Dopico JG, Sabate M, Gonzalez-Hernandez T, Rodriguez M, 2007: Substantia nigra osmoregulation: taurine and ATP involvement. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 292, C1934-1941.
  • Oja SS, Saransaari P, 2013: Regulation of taurine release in the hippocampus of developing and adult mice. Adv Exp Med Biol, 775, 135-143.
  • Olson JE, Martinho E Jr, 2006: Regulation of taurine transport in rat hippocampal neurons by hypo-osmotic swelling. J Neurochem, 96, 1375-89.
  • Ommati MM, Heidari R, Ghanbarinejad V, Abdoli N, Niknahad H, 2019: Taurine Treatment Provides Neuroprotection in a Mouse Model of Manganism. Biol Trace Elem Res, 190, 384‐395.
  • Pan C, Prentice H, Price AL, Wu JY, 2012: Beneficial effect of taurine on hypoxia- and glutamate-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways in primary neuronal culture. Amino Acids, 43, 845-55.
  • Pasantes-Morales H, Ramos-Mandujano G, Hernández-Benítez R, 2015: Taurine enhances proliferation and promotes neuronal specification of murine and human neural stem/progenitor cells. Adv Exp Med Biol, 803, 457-472. Paula-Lima AC, De Felice FG, Brito-Moreira J, Ferreira ST, 2005: Activation of GABA(A) receptors by taurine and muscimol blocks the neurotoxicity of beta-amyloid in rat hippocampal and cortical neurons. Neuropharmacology, 49, 1140-1148.
  • Rak K, Völker J, Jürgens L, Scherzad A, Schendzielorz P, Radeloff A, Jablonka S, Mlynski R, Hagen R, 2014: Neurotrophic effects of taurine on spiral ganglion neurons in vitro. Neuroreport, 25, 1250-1254.
  • Reeta KH, Singh D, Gupta YK, 2017: Chronic treatment with taurine after intracerebroventricular streptozotocin injection improves cognitive dysfunction in rats by modulating oxidative stress, cholinergic functions and neuroinflammation. Neurochem Int, 108, 146-156.
  • Ripps H, Shen W, 2012: Review: taurine: a "very essential" amino acid. Mol Vis, 18, 2673-2686.
  • Seki Y, Kimura M, Mizutani N, Fujita M, Aimi Y, Suzuki Y, 2005: Cerebrospinal fluid taurine after traumatic brain injury. Neurochem Res, 30, 123-128.
  • Shivaraj MC, Marcy G, Low G, Ryu JR, Zhao X, Rosales FJ, Goh EL, 2012: Taurine induces proliferation of neural stem cells and synapse development in the developing mouse brain. PLoS One, 7(8), e42935.
  • Sobrido-Cameán D, Fernández-López B, Pereiro N, Lafuente A, Rodicio MC, Barreiro-Iglesias A, 2020: Taurine promotes axonal regeneration after a complete spinal cord injury in lampreys. J Neurotrauma, 37, 899‐903.
  • Suárez LM, Muñoz MD, Martín Del Río R, Solís JM, 2016: Taurine content in different brain structures during ageing: effect on hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Amino Acids, 48, 1199-1208.
  • Taranukhin, AG, Taranukhina, EY, Saransaari, P, Pelto-Huikko, M, Podkletnova, I. M, Oja, SS, 2010: Taurine protects cerebellar neurons on the external granular layer against ethanol-induced apoptosis in 7-day-old mice. Amino Acids, 43, 1705-1711.
  • Tiedemann F, Gmelin L, 1827: Einige neue Bestandtheile der Galle des Ochsen". Annalen der Physik, 85, 326-337.
  • Vitvitsky V, Garg SK, Banerjee R, 2011: Taurine biosynthesis by neurons and astrocytes. J Biol Chem, 286, 32002-32010.
  • Wang GH, Jiang ZL, Fan XJ, Zhang L, Li X, Ke KF, 2007: Neuroprotective effect of taurine against focal cerebral ischemia in rats possibly mediated by activation of both GABAA and glycine receptors. Neuropharmacology, 52, 1199-209.
  • Wang Q, Zhu GH, Xie DH, Wu WJ, Hu P, 2015: Taurine enhances excitability of mouse cochlear neural stem cells by selectively promoting differentiation of glutamatergic neurons over GABAergic neurons. Neurochem Res, 40, 924-931.
  • Wu H, Jin Y, Wei J, Jin H, Sha D, Wu JY, 2005: Mode of action of taurine as a neuroprotector. Brain Res, 1038, 123-131.
  • Wu JY, Prentice H, 2010: Role of taurine in the central nervous system. J Biomed Sci, 24, 17 Suppl 1:S1.
  • Xu S, He M, Zhong M, Li L, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Yu Z, Zhou Z, 2015: The neuroprotective effects of taurine against nickel by reducing oxidative stress and maintaining mitochondrial function in cortical neurons. Neurosci Lett, 590, 52-57.
  • Zhang X, Wang X, Zhang J, Pan X, Jiang J, Li Y, 2017: Effects of taurine on alterations of neurobehavior and neurodevelopment key proteins expression in infant rats by exposure to hexabromocyclododecane. Ad Exp Med Biol, 975, 119-130.
  • Zhao H, Qu J, Li Q, Cui M, Wang J, Zhang K, Liu X, Feng H, Chen Y, 2018: Taurine supplementation reduces neuroinflammation and protects against white matter injury after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. Amino Acids, 50, 439-451.

Taurinin merkezi sinir sistemi üzerindeki etkileri

Year 2020, Volume: 9 Issue: 2, 214 - 219, 23.12.2020
https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.751318

Abstract

Taurin, nöral kök ve prekürsör hücrelerin gen ekspresyonunu düzenleyen, merkezi sinir sistemindeki enflamatuar yolları modüle eden, apoptozu baskılayan, antioksidan etkili ve nöronların hacmini ve su içeriğini kontrol eden nöroprotektif bir amino asittir. Taurin, iyonotropik taurin reseptörü ve metabotropik taurin reseptörü aracılığıyla endoplazmik stres aracılı apoptozu baskılamaktadır. Nöroprotektif etkisi nedeniyle taurin nörodejeneratif bozuklukların profilaksisinde ve tedavisinde başarıyla kullanılmaktadır. Bu derlemenin amacı, taurinin merkezi sinir sistemi üzerindeki etkilerini ve taurinin merkezi sinir sistemi hasarlarını hafifletmede kullanımını konusunda güncel bilimsel bilgiyi sunmaktır.

References

  • Adedara IA, Olabiyi BF, Ojuade TD, Idris UF, Onibiyo EM, Farombi EO, 2017: Taurine reverses sodium fluoride-mediated increase in inflammation, caspase-3 activity, and oxidative damage along the brain-pituitary-gonadal axis in male rats. Can J Physiol Pharmacol, 95, 1019-1029.
  • Ananchaipatana-Auitragoon P, Ananchaipatana-Auitragoon Y, Siripornpanich V, Kotchabhakdi N, 2015: Protective role of taurine in developing offspring affected by maternal alcohol consumption. EXCLI J, 14, 660-671.
  • Caletti G, Herrmann AP, Pulcinelli RR, Steffens L, Morás AM, Vianna P, Chies J, Moura DJ, Barros H, Gomez R, 2018: Taurine counteracts the neurotoxic effects of streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats. Amino Acids, 50, 95-104. Camargo RL, Batista TM, Ribeiro RA, Branco RC, Da Silva PM, Izumi C, Araujo TR, Greene LJ, Boschero AC, Carneiro EM, 2015: Taurine supplementation preserves hypothalamic leptin action in normal and protein-restricted mice fed on a high-fat diet. Amino Acids, 47, 2419-2435.
  • Cardin V, Lezama R, Torres-Márquez ME, Pasantes-Morales H, 2003: Potentiation of the osmosensitive taurine release and cell volume regulation by cytosolic Ca2+ rise in cultured cerebellar astrocytes. Glia, 44, 119-128.
  • Chan CY, Sun HS, Shah SM, Agovic MS, Ho I, Friedman E, Banerjee SP, 2013: Direct interaction of taurine with the NMDA glutamate receptor subtype via multiple mechanisms. Adv Exp Med Biol, 775, 45-52.
  • Che Y, Hou L, Sun F, Zhang C, Liu X, Piao F, Zhang D, Li H, Wang Q, 2018: Taurine protects dopaminergic neurons in a mouse Parkinson's disease model through inhibition of microglial M1 polarization. Cell Death Dis, 9, 435.
  • Chen C, Yang Q, Ma X, 2020: Synergistic effect of ascorbic acid and taurine in the treatment of a spinal cord injury-induced model in rats. 3 Biotech, 10, 50.
  • De Luca A, Pierno S, Camerino DC, 2015: Taurine: The appeal of a safe amino acid for skeletal muscle disorders. J Transl Med, 13, 243.
  • Deleuze C, Duvoid A, Moos FC, Hussy N, 2000: Tyrosine phosphorylation modulates the osmosensitivity of volume-dependent taurine efflux from glial cells in the rat supraoptic nucleus. J Physiol, 2, 291-299.
  • Engelmann M, Ludwig M, Singewald N, Ebner K, Sabatier N, Lubec G, Landgraf R, Wotjak CT, 2001: Taurine selectively modulates the secretory activity of vasopressin neurons in conscious rats. Eur J Neurosci, 14(7), 1047-1055.
  • Foos TM, Wu JY, 2002: The role of taurine in the central nervous system and the modulation of intracellular calcium homeostasis. Neurochem Res, 27(1-2):21-26.
  • Franscescon F, Müller TE, Bertoncello KT, Rosemberg DB, 2020: Neuroprotective role of taurine on MK-801-induced memory impairment and hyperlocomotion in zebrafish. Neurochem Int, 135, 104710.
  • Gu Y, Zhao Y, Qian K, Sun M, 2015: Taurine attenuates hippocampal and corpus callosum damage, and enhances neurological recovery after closed head injury in rats. Neuroscience, 291, 331-340.
  • Hackett MJ, Paterson PG, Pickering IJ, George GN, 2016: Imaging Taurine in the Central Nervous System Using Chemically Specific X-ray Fluorescence Imaging at the Sulfur K-Edge. Anal Chem, 88, 10916-10924.
  • Hernández-Benítez R, Pasantes-Morales H, Saldaña IT, Ramos-Mandujano G, 2010: Taurine stimulates proliferation of mice embryonic cultured neural progenitor cells. J Neurosci Res, 88, 1673-1681.
  • Hernández-Benítez R, Ramos-Mandujano G, Pasantes-Morales H, 2012: Taurine stimulates proliferation and promotes neurogenesis of mouse adult cultured neural stem/progenitor cells. Stem Cell Res, 9, 24-34.
  • Jangra A, Rajput P, Dwivedi DK, Lahkar M, 2020: Amelioration of repeated restraint stress-induced behavioral deficits and hippocampal anomalies with taurine treatment in mice. Neurochem Res, 45, 731‐740.
  • Jia F, Yue M, Chandra D, Keramidas A, Goldstein PA, Homanics GE, Harrison NL, 2008: Taurine is a potent activator of extrasynaptic GABA(A) receptors in the thalamus. J Neurosci, 28, 106-115.
  • Junyent F, De Lemos L, Utrera J, Paco S, Aguado F, Camins A, Pallàs M, Romero R, Auladell C, 2011: Content and traffic of taurine in hippocampal reactive astrocytes. Hippocampus, 21, 185-197.
  • Liu Y, Li F, Zhang L, Wu J, Wang Y, Yu H, 2017: Taurine alleviates lipopolysaccharide‑induced liver injury by anti-inflammation and antioxidants in rats. Mol Med Rep, 16, 6512-6517.
  • Louzada PR, Paula Lima AC, Mendonca-Silva DL, Noël F, De Mello FG, Ferreira ST, 2004: Taurine prevents the neurotoxicity of beta-amyloid and glutamate receptor agonists: activation of GABA receptors and possible implications for Alzheimer's disease and other neurological disorders. FASEB J, 18, 511-518.
  • Menzie J, Prentice H, Wu JY, 2013: Neuroprotective mechanisms of taurine against ischemic stroke. Brain Sci, 3, 877-907.
  • Morales I, Dopico JG, Sabate M, Gonzalez-Hernandez T, Rodriguez M, 2007: Substantia nigra osmoregulation: taurine and ATP involvement. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol, 292, C1934-1941.
  • Oja SS, Saransaari P, 2013: Regulation of taurine release in the hippocampus of developing and adult mice. Adv Exp Med Biol, 775, 135-143.
  • Olson JE, Martinho E Jr, 2006: Regulation of taurine transport in rat hippocampal neurons by hypo-osmotic swelling. J Neurochem, 96, 1375-89.
  • Ommati MM, Heidari R, Ghanbarinejad V, Abdoli N, Niknahad H, 2019: Taurine Treatment Provides Neuroprotection in a Mouse Model of Manganism. Biol Trace Elem Res, 190, 384‐395.
  • Pan C, Prentice H, Price AL, Wu JY, 2012: Beneficial effect of taurine on hypoxia- and glutamate-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress pathways in primary neuronal culture. Amino Acids, 43, 845-55.
  • Pasantes-Morales H, Ramos-Mandujano G, Hernández-Benítez R, 2015: Taurine enhances proliferation and promotes neuronal specification of murine and human neural stem/progenitor cells. Adv Exp Med Biol, 803, 457-472. Paula-Lima AC, De Felice FG, Brito-Moreira J, Ferreira ST, 2005: Activation of GABA(A) receptors by taurine and muscimol blocks the neurotoxicity of beta-amyloid in rat hippocampal and cortical neurons. Neuropharmacology, 49, 1140-1148.
  • Rak K, Völker J, Jürgens L, Scherzad A, Schendzielorz P, Radeloff A, Jablonka S, Mlynski R, Hagen R, 2014: Neurotrophic effects of taurine on spiral ganglion neurons in vitro. Neuroreport, 25, 1250-1254.
  • Reeta KH, Singh D, Gupta YK, 2017: Chronic treatment with taurine after intracerebroventricular streptozotocin injection improves cognitive dysfunction in rats by modulating oxidative stress, cholinergic functions and neuroinflammation. Neurochem Int, 108, 146-156.
  • Ripps H, Shen W, 2012: Review: taurine: a "very essential" amino acid. Mol Vis, 18, 2673-2686.
  • Seki Y, Kimura M, Mizutani N, Fujita M, Aimi Y, Suzuki Y, 2005: Cerebrospinal fluid taurine after traumatic brain injury. Neurochem Res, 30, 123-128.
  • Shivaraj MC, Marcy G, Low G, Ryu JR, Zhao X, Rosales FJ, Goh EL, 2012: Taurine induces proliferation of neural stem cells and synapse development in the developing mouse brain. PLoS One, 7(8), e42935.
  • Sobrido-Cameán D, Fernández-López B, Pereiro N, Lafuente A, Rodicio MC, Barreiro-Iglesias A, 2020: Taurine promotes axonal regeneration after a complete spinal cord injury in lampreys. J Neurotrauma, 37, 899‐903.
  • Suárez LM, Muñoz MD, Martín Del Río R, Solís JM, 2016: Taurine content in different brain structures during ageing: effect on hippocampal synaptic plasticity. Amino Acids, 48, 1199-1208.
  • Taranukhin, AG, Taranukhina, EY, Saransaari, P, Pelto-Huikko, M, Podkletnova, I. M, Oja, SS, 2010: Taurine protects cerebellar neurons on the external granular layer against ethanol-induced apoptosis in 7-day-old mice. Amino Acids, 43, 1705-1711.
  • Tiedemann F, Gmelin L, 1827: Einige neue Bestandtheile der Galle des Ochsen". Annalen der Physik, 85, 326-337.
  • Vitvitsky V, Garg SK, Banerjee R, 2011: Taurine biosynthesis by neurons and astrocytes. J Biol Chem, 286, 32002-32010.
  • Wang GH, Jiang ZL, Fan XJ, Zhang L, Li X, Ke KF, 2007: Neuroprotective effect of taurine against focal cerebral ischemia in rats possibly mediated by activation of both GABAA and glycine receptors. Neuropharmacology, 52, 1199-209.
  • Wang Q, Zhu GH, Xie DH, Wu WJ, Hu P, 2015: Taurine enhances excitability of mouse cochlear neural stem cells by selectively promoting differentiation of glutamatergic neurons over GABAergic neurons. Neurochem Res, 40, 924-931.
  • Wu H, Jin Y, Wei J, Jin H, Sha D, Wu JY, 2005: Mode of action of taurine as a neuroprotector. Brain Res, 1038, 123-131.
  • Wu JY, Prentice H, 2010: Role of taurine in the central nervous system. J Biomed Sci, 24, 17 Suppl 1:S1.
  • Xu S, He M, Zhong M, Li L, Lu Y, Zhang Y, Zhang L, Yu Z, Zhou Z, 2015: The neuroprotective effects of taurine against nickel by reducing oxidative stress and maintaining mitochondrial function in cortical neurons. Neurosci Lett, 590, 52-57.
  • Zhang X, Wang X, Zhang J, Pan X, Jiang J, Li Y, 2017: Effects of taurine on alterations of neurobehavior and neurodevelopment key proteins expression in infant rats by exposure to hexabromocyclododecane. Ad Exp Med Biol, 975, 119-130.
  • Zhao H, Qu J, Li Q, Cui M, Wang J, Zhang K, Liu X, Feng H, Chen Y, 2018: Taurine supplementation reduces neuroinflammation and protects against white matter injury after intracerebral hemorrhage in rats. Amino Acids, 50, 439-451.
There are 45 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Veterinary Surgery
Journal Section Review
Authors

Gül Yarım 0000-0003-4050-429X

Ayris Gökçeoğlu 0000-0002-2944-9122

Murat Yarım 0000-0002-0636-4214

Publication Date December 23, 2020
Submission Date June 11, 2020
Acceptance Date October 26, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2020 Volume: 9 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yarım, G., Gökçeoğlu, A., & Yarım, M. (2020). The effects of taurine on central nervous system. Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 9(2), 214-219. https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.751318
AMA Yarım G, Gökçeoğlu A, Yarım M. The effects of taurine on central nervous system. Harran Univ Vet Fak Derg. December 2020;9(2):214-219. doi:10.31196/huvfd.751318
Chicago Yarım, Gül, Ayris Gökçeoğlu, and Murat Yarım. “The Effects of Taurine on Central Nervous System”. Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 9, no. 2 (December 2020): 214-19. https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.751318.
EndNote Yarım G, Gökçeoğlu A, Yarım M (December 1, 2020) The effects of taurine on central nervous system. Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 9 2 214–219.
IEEE G. Yarım, A. Gökçeoğlu, and M. Yarım, “The effects of taurine on central nervous system”, Harran Univ Vet Fak Derg, vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 214–219, 2020, doi: 10.31196/huvfd.751318.
ISNAD Yarım, Gül et al. “The Effects of Taurine on Central Nervous System”. Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 9/2 (December 2020), 214-219. https://doi.org/10.31196/huvfd.751318.
JAMA Yarım G, Gökçeoğlu A, Yarım M. The effects of taurine on central nervous system. Harran Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2020;9:214–219.
MLA Yarım, Gül et al. “The Effects of Taurine on Central Nervous System”. Harran Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 9, no. 2, 2020, pp. 214-9, doi:10.31196/huvfd.751318.
Vancouver Yarım G, Gökçeoğlu A, Yarım M. The effects of taurine on central nervous system. Harran Univ Vet Fak Derg. 2020;9(2):214-9.