Research Article
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Year 2021, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 39 - 47, 30.06.2021

Ufuk Vural

https://doi.org/10.31593/ijeat.926635

Abstract

References

  • Asante A. 2004. Assessment of food import and food aid against support for agricultural development, the case of Ghana. Draft report for FAO Regional Office, p.10.
  • Rangkuti M, Djajanegara A. 1983. The utilization of agricultural byproducts and wastes (as animal feeds) in Indonesia. In: The use of organic residues in rural communities animal feeds in South East Asia. Proceedings, Workshop on Organic Residues in Rural Communities. Denpasar (Indonesia), 11 Dec 1979, pp.11-25.
  • Ohgren, K., Bengtsson, O, Gorwa-Grauslund, M.F., Galbe M, Hahn-Hagerdal B, Zacchi, G.(2006. Simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation of glucose and xylose in steam-pretreated corn stover at high fiber content with Saccharomyces cerevisae TMB3400. J. Biotechnol. 126(4): 488-498.
  • Cao N.J, Krishnan M.S, Du J.X, Gong C.S, Ho N.W.Y., Chen Z.D, Tsao G.T. 1996. Ethanol production from corn cob pretreated by ammonia steeping process using genetically engineered yeast. Biotechnol. Lett. 18(9): 1013-1018.
  • Wyman C.E, Spindler D.D, Grohmann K. 1992. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of several lignocellulosic feedstocks to fuel ethanol. Biomass Bioenergy, 3(5): 301-307.
  • Atadashi, I.M. & Aroua, M.K. & Aziz, A. Abdul, 2011. Biodiesel separation and purification: A review, Renewable Energy, 36(2), 437-443.
  • Hossain, A.B.M.S. and Mekhled, M.A. 2010. Biodiesel fuel production from waste canola cooking oil as sustainable energy and environmental recycling process, Aust. J. Crop. Sci. 4, 543–549.
  • Demirbas,A. 2003. Energy. Biodiesel fuels from vegetable oils via catalytic and non-catalytic supercritical alcohol transesterifications and other methods: a survey, Energy conversion and Management. 44 (13), 2093– 2109.
  • Vicente, G., Martínez, M. And Aracil,J. 2007. Optimisation of integrated biodiesel production. Part I. A study of the biodiesel purity and yield, Bioresource Technology, 98(9), 1724-1733.
  • Akoh, C.C., Chang S.W. and Lee, J.F. 2007. Shaw, Enzymatic approach to biodiesel production, J. Agric. Food Chem. 55(22), 8995–9005.
  • Gapoor, A, Hassan, W.H.W., Sulong, M. 2002. Phytochemical for nutraceutical from the by product of palm oil refining. Palm Oil Develop. 36, 13–9.
  • Nang H.L.L, Wafti N.S.A, May C.Y. 2009. Palm fatty acid distillate. MPOB Information, MPOB No. 471.
  • Cheah K.Y, Toh T.S, Koh P.M. 2010. Palm fatty acid distillate biodiesel: next generation palm biodiesel. Inform. Champaign: AOCS.
  • Deshmane, V.G., Gogate, P.R., Pandit, A.B.. 2009. Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of biodiesel from palm fatty acid distillate. Ind Eng Chem Res. 48,7923–7.
  • Chabukswar D.D, Kaur H.P, Gaikar V.G.2013. Esterification of palm fatty acid distillate using heterogeneous sulfonated microcrystalline cellulose catalyst and its comparison with H2SO4 catalyzed reaction. Ind Eng Chem Res. 52, 7316–7326.
  • Jones, P J H; Ntanios, F Y; Raeini-sarjaz, M and Vanstone, C A 1999. Cholesterol-lowering efficacy of a sitostanol-containing phytosterol mixture with a prudent diet in hyperlipidemic men. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 69, 1144-1150.
  • Rakmi, A.R.; Herawan, T. 2000. Properties of biosurfactant enzymatically prepared from fructose and palm fatty acid. J. Oil Palm Res. 12, 117-122.
  • [18] Gapoor, A., Hassan, W.H.W., and M. Sulong. 2002.. Phytochemical for nutraceutical from the by product of palm oil refining. Palm Oil Development 36. 13-19.
  • Estiasih T, Mukhlishiyiyah J. 2015. Optimizing saponification condition for unsaponifiable matters preparation from crude palm oil Research Repport of Agricultural Technology Faculty Grant, Brawijaya University Malang.
  • Estiasih T, Ahmadi K, Widyaningsih TD, Maligan JM. 2012. Multi components of bioactive compounds for food supplement and fortificant as an effort to increase economical value of byproduct of palm oil refinery Year 1 MP3EI Report. Research Centre Brawijaya University Malang.
  • Khatoon S, Rajan RGR, Krishna AGG 2010. Physicochemical characteristics and composition of Indian soybean oil deodorizer distillate and the recovery of phytosterols, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 87 321-326.
  • Ahmadi K,T., Estiasih, T. 2009. Low temperature solvent crystallization in vitamin E enriched tocotrienols preparation from palm fatty acid distillate and its application for functional foods Year 1 PHB Report, Research Centre, Tribhuwana Tunggadewi University, Malang.
  • Ahmadi K, Estiasih, T. 2010. Low temperature solvent crystallization in vitamin E enriched tocotrienols preparation from palm fatty acid distillate and its application for functional foods Year 2 PHB Report, Research Centre, Tribhuwana Tunggadewi University, Malang.
  • Ahmadi K, Estiasih T. 2011a. Phytosterols separation from palm fatty acid distillate and its utilization for reducing cholesterol Year 1 PHB Report, Research Centre, Tribhuwana Tunggadewi University, Malang.
  • Ahmadi, K., & Estiasih, T.. 2011. Krıstalısası Pelarut Suhu Rendah Pada Pembuatan Fraksı Kaya Vıtamın E Mengandung Tokotrıenol Darı Dıstılat Asam Lemak Mınyak Sawıt [Low Temperature Solvent Crystallizationin Tocotrienol Containing Vitamin E Rich Fraction Preparation From Palm Fatty Acid D. Jurnal Teknologi Dan Industri Pangan, 22(2), 142.
  • Ng, M.H., Chao, Y.M., Ma, A.H., Choah, C.H., and Hashim, M.A. 2004. Separation vitamin E, tocotrienol, and tocomonoenal) in palm oil”. Lipids 39. 1031-1035.
  • Puah, C.W., May, C.Y., Ahngan, M., and Hock, C.C. 2004. Degumming and bleaching: Effect on selected constituents of palm oil. Journal of Oil Palm Research 16. 57-63.
  • Lewis J. 2001 Process for the production of tocotrienol, US Patent 6,838,104.
  • Coskun A.M, Serteser, U, I 2013 Inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis in hypercholesterolemiaIs it the right choice? J. Med Biochem 32(1) 16-19.
  • Loganathan, R., Selvaduray, K. R., Radhakrishnan, A., & Nesaretnam, K. .2009. Palm oil: Rich in health promoting phytonutrients. Palm Oil Developments, 50(1), 16–25.
  • Taşan, M., Bilgin, B., Geçgel, Ü., Demirci,Ş. 2006. Phytosterols as functional food ingredients. Trakya Univ. J. Tekirdag Agric. Fac., 3:153-159.
  • Awad A.B., Fink C.S.. 2000. Phytosterols as anticancer dietary components: evidence and mechanism of action. J Nutr. 130(9):2127-2130. doi: 10.1093/jn/130.9.2127. PMID: 10958802.
  • Carr T.P, Ash M.M, Brown A.W.2010. Cholesterol Lowering Phytosterols: Factors Affecting Their Use and Efficacy. Nutr Dietary Suppl. 2, 59-72.
  • Piironen V., Lindsay, D.G., Mieyyinen, T.A., Toivo, J., and Lampi, A.M. 2000. Plant sterol: biosynthesis, biological function and their importance to human nutrition. J. Sci. Food Agric. 80. 939-966.
  • Ostlund R.E Jr., McGill J.B., Zeng C.M, Covey D.F, Stearns J, Stenson W.F, Spilburg C.A. 2002a. Gastrointestinal absorption and plasma kinetics of soy Delta(5)-phytosterols and phytostanols in humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 282:E, 911–916.
  • Bonsdorff-Nikander A.V. 2005. Studies on a cholesterol-lowering micro crystalline phytosterol suspension oil Dissertation University of Helsinki, Helsink.
  • Qureshi A.A, Lehmann J.W, Peterson D.M. 1996. Amaranth and its oil inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis antimicrobial properties of plant essential oils and in 6-week-old female chickens. Journal of Nutrition, 126: 1972-1978.
  • Shin, D.H., Heo, H.J., Lee, Y.J. and Kim, H.K. 2004. Amaranth squalene reducesserum and liver lipid levels in rats fed a cholesterol diet, British Journal of Biomedical Science, 61(1), 11-14.
  • De Castro, L.Í., Andrade, Soares, R.A., Manólio, Saldiva, P.H.N., Ferrari, R.A., Miguel, A.M.2013. Amaranth oil increased fecal excretion of bile acid but had no effect in reducing plasma cholesterol in hamsters, Lipids. 48 (6). 609-18.
  • Estiasih T, Ahmadi K, Widyaningsih T.D, Maligan J.M, Mubarok A.Z, Zubaidah E, Mukhlisiyyah J, Puspitasari R. 2013. Bioactive compounds of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) from several palm oil refineries. Adv. J. Food Sci. Tech. 5(9): 1153-1159.
  • Ceriani R, and Meirelles A.J.A. 2004 Simulation of continuous deodorizers: effects on product streams, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 81, 1059.
  • Benites C.I., Concha V.O.C., Reis S.M.P.M., de Oliveira A.C.2009. Physiochemical Characterization of Soybean Oil Deodorizer Distillate. Chemical Engineering Transactions., 17, 903-908.

Obtaining biodiesel from the enzymatic reaction of bioethanol and crude palm oil which is a fermentation product of corn cob with microorganisms, and the extraction of bioactive substances from the physical refining of biodiesel

Year 2021, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 39 - 47, 30.06.2021

Ufuk Vural

https://doi.org/10.31593/ijeat.926635

Abstract

Bioethanol was obtained from the enzymatic hydrolysis of corn cob and then fermentation with microorganisms (yeast). With the bioethanol obtained, biodiesel was obtained from crude palm oil (CPO) by enzymatic method. Bioactive substances were extracted from the phase rich in bioactive substances separated by saponification of CPO and from the sediment obtained from the physical refining of biodiesel.

Keywords

Bioactive compounds Vitamin E Sterol Enzym Yeast Bioethanol Biodiesel

References

  • Asante A. 2004. Assessment of food import and food aid against support for agricultural development, the case of Ghana. Draft report for FAO Regional Office, p.10.
  • Rangkuti M, Djajanegara A. 1983. The utilization of agricultural byproducts and wastes (as animal feeds) in Indonesia. In: The use of organic residues in rural communities animal feeds in South East Asia. Proceedings, Workshop on Organic Residues in Rural Communities. Denpasar (Indonesia), 11 Dec 1979, pp.11-25.
  • Ohgren, K., Bengtsson, O, Gorwa-Grauslund, M.F., Galbe M, Hahn-Hagerdal B, Zacchi, G.(2006. Simultaneous saccharification and cofermentation of glucose and xylose in steam-pretreated corn stover at high fiber content with Saccharomyces cerevisae TMB3400. J. Biotechnol. 126(4): 488-498.
  • Cao N.J, Krishnan M.S, Du J.X, Gong C.S, Ho N.W.Y., Chen Z.D, Tsao G.T. 1996. Ethanol production from corn cob pretreated by ammonia steeping process using genetically engineered yeast. Biotechnol. Lett. 18(9): 1013-1018.
  • Wyman C.E, Spindler D.D, Grohmann K. 1992. Simultaneous saccharification and fermentation of several lignocellulosic feedstocks to fuel ethanol. Biomass Bioenergy, 3(5): 301-307.
  • Atadashi, I.M. & Aroua, M.K. & Aziz, A. Abdul, 2011. Biodiesel separation and purification: A review, Renewable Energy, 36(2), 437-443.
  • Hossain, A.B.M.S. and Mekhled, M.A. 2010. Biodiesel fuel production from waste canola cooking oil as sustainable energy and environmental recycling process, Aust. J. Crop. Sci. 4, 543–549.
  • Demirbas,A. 2003. Energy. Biodiesel fuels from vegetable oils via catalytic and non-catalytic supercritical alcohol transesterifications and other methods: a survey, Energy conversion and Management. 44 (13), 2093– 2109.
  • Vicente, G., Martínez, M. And Aracil,J. 2007. Optimisation of integrated biodiesel production. Part I. A study of the biodiesel purity and yield, Bioresource Technology, 98(9), 1724-1733.
  • Akoh, C.C., Chang S.W. and Lee, J.F. 2007. Shaw, Enzymatic approach to biodiesel production, J. Agric. Food Chem. 55(22), 8995–9005.
  • Gapoor, A, Hassan, W.H.W., Sulong, M. 2002. Phytochemical for nutraceutical from the by product of palm oil refining. Palm Oil Develop. 36, 13–9.
  • Nang H.L.L, Wafti N.S.A, May C.Y. 2009. Palm fatty acid distillate. MPOB Information, MPOB No. 471.
  • Cheah K.Y, Toh T.S, Koh P.M. 2010. Palm fatty acid distillate biodiesel: next generation palm biodiesel. Inform. Champaign: AOCS.
  • Deshmane, V.G., Gogate, P.R., Pandit, A.B.. 2009. Ultrasound-assisted synthesis of biodiesel from palm fatty acid distillate. Ind Eng Chem Res. 48,7923–7.
  • Chabukswar D.D, Kaur H.P, Gaikar V.G.2013. Esterification of palm fatty acid distillate using heterogeneous sulfonated microcrystalline cellulose catalyst and its comparison with H2SO4 catalyzed reaction. Ind Eng Chem Res. 52, 7316–7326.
  • Jones, P J H; Ntanios, F Y; Raeini-sarjaz, M and Vanstone, C A 1999. Cholesterol-lowering efficacy of a sitostanol-containing phytosterol mixture with a prudent diet in hyperlipidemic men. Am. J. Clin. Nutr., 69, 1144-1150.
  • Rakmi, A.R.; Herawan, T. 2000. Properties of biosurfactant enzymatically prepared from fructose and palm fatty acid. J. Oil Palm Res. 12, 117-122.
  • [18] Gapoor, A., Hassan, W.H.W., and M. Sulong. 2002.. Phytochemical for nutraceutical from the by product of palm oil refining. Palm Oil Development 36. 13-19.
  • Estiasih T, Mukhlishiyiyah J. 2015. Optimizing saponification condition for unsaponifiable matters preparation from crude palm oil Research Repport of Agricultural Technology Faculty Grant, Brawijaya University Malang.
  • Estiasih T, Ahmadi K, Widyaningsih TD, Maligan JM. 2012. Multi components of bioactive compounds for food supplement and fortificant as an effort to increase economical value of byproduct of palm oil refinery Year 1 MP3EI Report. Research Centre Brawijaya University Malang.
  • Khatoon S, Rajan RGR, Krishna AGG 2010. Physicochemical characteristics and composition of Indian soybean oil deodorizer distillate and the recovery of phytosterols, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 87 321-326.
  • Ahmadi K,T., Estiasih, T. 2009. Low temperature solvent crystallization in vitamin E enriched tocotrienols preparation from palm fatty acid distillate and its application for functional foods Year 1 PHB Report, Research Centre, Tribhuwana Tunggadewi University, Malang.
  • Ahmadi K, Estiasih, T. 2010. Low temperature solvent crystallization in vitamin E enriched tocotrienols preparation from palm fatty acid distillate and its application for functional foods Year 2 PHB Report, Research Centre, Tribhuwana Tunggadewi University, Malang.
  • Ahmadi K, Estiasih T. 2011a. Phytosterols separation from palm fatty acid distillate and its utilization for reducing cholesterol Year 1 PHB Report, Research Centre, Tribhuwana Tunggadewi University, Malang.
  • Ahmadi, K., & Estiasih, T.. 2011. Krıstalısası Pelarut Suhu Rendah Pada Pembuatan Fraksı Kaya Vıtamın E Mengandung Tokotrıenol Darı Dıstılat Asam Lemak Mınyak Sawıt [Low Temperature Solvent Crystallizationin Tocotrienol Containing Vitamin E Rich Fraction Preparation From Palm Fatty Acid D. Jurnal Teknologi Dan Industri Pangan, 22(2), 142.
  • Ng, M.H., Chao, Y.M., Ma, A.H., Choah, C.H., and Hashim, M.A. 2004. Separation vitamin E, tocotrienol, and tocomonoenal) in palm oil”. Lipids 39. 1031-1035.
  • Puah, C.W., May, C.Y., Ahngan, M., and Hock, C.C. 2004. Degumming and bleaching: Effect on selected constituents of palm oil. Journal of Oil Palm Research 16. 57-63.
  • Lewis J. 2001 Process for the production of tocotrienol, US Patent 6,838,104.
  • Coskun A.M, Serteser, U, I 2013 Inhibition of cholesterol biosynthesis in hypercholesterolemiaIs it the right choice? J. Med Biochem 32(1) 16-19.
  • Loganathan, R., Selvaduray, K. R., Radhakrishnan, A., & Nesaretnam, K. .2009. Palm oil: Rich in health promoting phytonutrients. Palm Oil Developments, 50(1), 16–25.
  • Taşan, M., Bilgin, B., Geçgel, Ü., Demirci,Ş. 2006. Phytosterols as functional food ingredients. Trakya Univ. J. Tekirdag Agric. Fac., 3:153-159.
  • Awad A.B., Fink C.S.. 2000. Phytosterols as anticancer dietary components: evidence and mechanism of action. J Nutr. 130(9):2127-2130. doi: 10.1093/jn/130.9.2127. PMID: 10958802.
  • Carr T.P, Ash M.M, Brown A.W.2010. Cholesterol Lowering Phytosterols: Factors Affecting Their Use and Efficacy. Nutr Dietary Suppl. 2, 59-72.
  • Piironen V., Lindsay, D.G., Mieyyinen, T.A., Toivo, J., and Lampi, A.M. 2000. Plant sterol: biosynthesis, biological function and their importance to human nutrition. J. Sci. Food Agric. 80. 939-966.
  • Ostlund R.E Jr., McGill J.B., Zeng C.M, Covey D.F, Stearns J, Stenson W.F, Spilburg C.A. 2002a. Gastrointestinal absorption and plasma kinetics of soy Delta(5)-phytosterols and phytostanols in humans. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 282:E, 911–916.
  • Bonsdorff-Nikander A.V. 2005. Studies on a cholesterol-lowering micro crystalline phytosterol suspension oil Dissertation University of Helsinki, Helsink.
  • Qureshi A.A, Lehmann J.W, Peterson D.M. 1996. Amaranth and its oil inhibit cholesterol biosynthesis antimicrobial properties of plant essential oils and in 6-week-old female chickens. Journal of Nutrition, 126: 1972-1978.
  • Shin, D.H., Heo, H.J., Lee, Y.J. and Kim, H.K. 2004. Amaranth squalene reducesserum and liver lipid levels in rats fed a cholesterol diet, British Journal of Biomedical Science, 61(1), 11-14.
  • De Castro, L.Í., Andrade, Soares, R.A., Manólio, Saldiva, P.H.N., Ferrari, R.A., Miguel, A.M.2013. Amaranth oil increased fecal excretion of bile acid but had no effect in reducing plasma cholesterol in hamsters, Lipids. 48 (6). 609-18.
  • Estiasih T, Ahmadi K, Widyaningsih T.D, Maligan J.M, Mubarok A.Z, Zubaidah E, Mukhlisiyyah J, Puspitasari R. 2013. Bioactive compounds of palm fatty acid distillate (PFAD) from several palm oil refineries. Adv. J. Food Sci. Tech. 5(9): 1153-1159.
  • Ceriani R, and Meirelles A.J.A. 2004 Simulation of continuous deodorizers: effects on product streams, J. Am. Oil Chem. Soc. 81, 1059.
  • Benites C.I., Concha V.O.C., Reis S.M.P.M., de Oliveira A.C.2009. Physiochemical Characterization of Soybean Oil Deodorizer Distillate. Chemical Engineering Transactions., 17, 903-908.
There are 42 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Chemical Engineering
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Ufuk Vural 0000-0002-8510-9616

Publication Date June 30, 2021
Submission Date April 23, 2021
Acceptance Date April 29, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Vural, U. (2021). Obtaining biodiesel from the enzymatic reaction of bioethanol and crude palm oil which is a fermentation product of corn cob with microorganisms, and the extraction of bioactive substances from the physical refining of biodiesel. International Journal of Energy Applications and Technologies, 8(2), 39-47. https://doi.org/10.31593/ijeat.926635
AMA Vural U. Obtaining biodiesel from the enzymatic reaction of bioethanol and crude palm oil which is a fermentation product of corn cob with microorganisms, and the extraction of bioactive substances from the physical refining of biodiesel. IJEAT. June 2021;8(2):39-47. doi:10.31593/ijeat.926635
Chicago Vural, Ufuk. “Obtaining Biodiesel from the Enzymatic Reaction of Bioethanol and Crude Palm Oil Which Is a Fermentation Product of Corn Cob With Microorganisms, and the Extraction of Bioactive Substances from the Physical Refining of Biodiesel”. International Journal of Energy Applications and Technologies 8, no. 2 (June 2021): 39-47. https://doi.org/10.31593/ijeat.926635.
EndNote Vural U (June 1, 2021) Obtaining biodiesel from the enzymatic reaction of bioethanol and crude palm oil which is a fermentation product of corn cob with microorganisms, and the extraction of bioactive substances from the physical refining of biodiesel. International Journal of Energy Applications and Technologies 8 2 39–47.
IEEE U. Vural, “Obtaining biodiesel from the enzymatic reaction of bioethanol and crude palm oil which is a fermentation product of corn cob with microorganisms, and the extraction of bioactive substances from the physical refining of biodiesel”, IJEAT, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 39–47, 2021, doi: 10.31593/ijeat.926635.
ISNAD Vural, Ufuk. “Obtaining Biodiesel from the Enzymatic Reaction of Bioethanol and Crude Palm Oil Which Is a Fermentation Product of Corn Cob With Microorganisms, and the Extraction of Bioactive Substances from the Physical Refining of Biodiesel”. International Journal of Energy Applications and Technologies 8/2 (June 2021), 39-47. https://doi.org/10.31593/ijeat.926635.
JAMA Vural U. Obtaining biodiesel from the enzymatic reaction of bioethanol and crude palm oil which is a fermentation product of corn cob with microorganisms, and the extraction of bioactive substances from the physical refining of biodiesel. IJEAT. 2021;8:39–47.
MLA Vural, Ufuk. “Obtaining Biodiesel from the Enzymatic Reaction of Bioethanol and Crude Palm Oil Which Is a Fermentation Product of Corn Cob With Microorganisms, and the Extraction of Bioactive Substances from the Physical Refining of Biodiesel”. International Journal of Energy Applications and Technologies, vol. 8, no. 2, 2021, pp. 39-47, doi:10.31593/ijeat.926635.
Vancouver Vural U. Obtaining biodiesel from the enzymatic reaction of bioethanol and crude palm oil which is a fermentation product of corn cob with microorganisms, and the extraction of bioactive substances from the physical refining of biodiesel. IJEAT. 2021;8(2):39-47.
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