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The Investigation of The Effects of Topiramate Treatment on The Role of Zinc Ions in Experimental Epilepsy

Year 2018, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 30 - 33, 22.12.2018

Abstract

The acute effect of topiramate (TPM) treatment on zinc ion translocation in hippocampus and antiepileptic effect on behaviour in SE has been researched in this study. It has also been tried to explain, whether TPM has a role on antiepileptic effect by affecting the zinc ions on the hippocampus.Fortynine male Sprague-Dawley rats, 3 months old, were randomly divided into seven equal groups (n=7 per group).  The first group was the naive, the second group was the seizure-control, the third group was seizure+TPM (60 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment, the fourth group was seizure+TPM60+CaEDTA (100 mM,i.c.v.), the fifth group was seizure+TPM60+ZnCl2 (35 mg/kg, i.p.), the sixth group was seizure+CaEDTA, the seventh group was seizure+ZnCl2.Behavioral changes of rats were observed throughout the experiment.End of the study, rats were decapitated under anesthesia to rapidly remove their brains. Hippocampal staining was performed to investigate zinc translocation.Our results show that, there was not significant differences in the SE incidence,SE latency, 24-hour survival, and  seizure scoreamong the groups. Also it was observed that TPM is not effective for the zinc hystochemistry in the brain when administered at the dose of 60 mg/kg.On the other hand,TPM can be effective for zinc translocation when it is administered in high doses. For this reason we need to work more.

References

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  • Hussain N, Appleton R, Thorburn K. 2007. Aetiology, course and outcome of children admitted to paediatric intensive care with convulsive status epilepticus: A retrospective 5-year review. Seizure, 16: 305-312.
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  • Shank RP, Gardocki JF, Vaught JL. 1994. Topiramate: preclinical evaluation of structurally novel anticonvulsant. Epilepsia, 35: 450-460.
  • Wauquier A, Zhou S. 1996. Topiramate: a potent anticonvulsant in the amygdala-kindled rat. Epilepsy Res, 24: 73-77.
  • Bourgeois BF. 1996. New antiepileptic drugs. Curr Opin Pediatr, 8: 543-548.
  • Ben-Menachem E, Sander JW, Stefan H, Schwalen S, Schauble B. 2008. Topiramate monotherapy in the treatment of newly or recently diagnosed epilepsy. Clin. Ther., 30: 1180-1195.
  • Latini G, Verrotti A, Manco R, Scardapane A, Del Vecchio A, Chiarelli F. 2008. Topiramate: its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in epilepsy. Mini Rev. Med. Chem., 8: 10-23.
  • Ashtari, F., Shaygannejad, V., Akbari, M., 2008. A double-blind, randomized trial of low-dose topiramate vs propranolol in migraine prophylaxis. Acta. Neurol. Scand. 118: 301-5.
  • Green AL, Weaver DF. 2008. Potential proconvulsant effects of oral zinc supplementation-A case report. NeuroToxicology, 29: 476-477.
  • Frederickson CJ, Suh SW, Silva D, Frederickson JC, Thompson RB. 2000. Importance of zinc in the central nervous system: the zinc-containing neuron. J. Nutr., 130: 1471–1483.
  • Takeda A. 2000. Movement of zinc and its functional significance in the brain. Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 34: 137–148.
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  • Lee JM, Zipfel GJ, Park KH, He YY, Hsu CY, Choi DW. 2002. Zinc translocation accelerates infarction after mild transient focal ischemia. Neuroscience,115: 871-878.
  • Suh SW, Chen JW, Motamedi M, Bell B, Listiak K, Pons, NF. 2000. Evidence that synaptically-released zinc contributes to neuronal injury after traumatic brain injury. Brain Res., 852: 268-273.
  • Racine RJ. 1972. Modification of seizure activity by electrical stimulation II: motor seizure. Electroencephalogr. Clin Neurophysiol, 32: 281-294.
  • Noyan B, Jensen MS, Danscher G. 2007. The lack of effects of zinc and nitric oxide in initial state of pilocarpine-induced seizures. Seizure, 16: 410-416.
  • Niebauer M, Gruenthal M. 1999. Topiramate reduces neuronal injury after experimental stetus epilepticus. Brain Research, 837: 263-269.
  • Fisher A, Wang X, Cock HR, Thom M, Patsalos PN, Walker MC. 2004. Synergism between topiramate and budipine in refractory status epilepticus in the rat. Epilepsia, 45: 1300-1307.
  • Rigoulot MA, Boehrer A, Nehlig A. 2003. Effects of topiramate in two models of genetically determined generalized epilepsy, the GAERS and the audiogenic Wistar AS. Epilepsia, 44(1): 14-19.
  • Edmonds HL Jr, Jiang YD, Zhang PY.1996. Anticonvulsant activity of topiramate and phenytoin in a rat model of ischemia induced epilepsy. Life Science, 59: 127-131.
  • White HS, Brown SD, Woodhead JH, Skeen GA, Wolf HH. 1997. Topiramate enhances GABA mediated chloride flux and GABA evoked chloride currents in murine brain neurons and increases seizure threshold. Epilepsy Research, 28:167-179.
  • White HS, Brown SD, Woodhead JH, Skeen GA, Wolf HH. 2000. Topiramate modulates GABA evoked current in murine cortical neurons by a nonbenzodiazepine mechanism. Epilepsia, 41: 17-20.
  • Haugvicova R, Kubova H, Skutova M. 2000. Anticonvulsant action of topiramate against motor seizures in developing rats. Epilepsia, 41: 1235-1240.
  • Sills GJ, Leach JP, Kilpatrick WS. 2000. Concentration effect studies with topiramate on selected enzymes and intermediates of the GABA shunt. Epilepsia, 41: 30-34.
  • Kohling R, Vreugdenhil M, Bracci E. 2000. Ictal epileptiform activity is facilitated by hippocampal GABAA receptor mediated oscillations. Journal of Neuroscience, 20: 6820-6829.
  • Petrof OAC, Hyder F, Mattson RH. 1999. Topiramate increases brain GABA, homocarnosine and pyrrolidinone in patients with epilepsy. Neurology, 52: 473-478.
  • Placidi F, Tombini M, Romigi A, Bianchi L, Izzi F, Sperli F, Mattia D, Cervellino A, Marciani MG. 2004. Topiramate: effect on EEG interictal abnormalities and background activity in patients affected by focal epilepsy. Epilepsy Research, 58: 43-52.
  • Kudin AP, Debska-Vielhaber G, Vielhaber S, Elger CE, Kunz WS. 2004. The mechanism of neuroprotection by topiramate in an animal model of epilepsy. Epilepsia, 45: 1478-1487.
  • Brigo F, Bragazzi NL, Igwe SC. Nardone R, Trinka E. 2017.Topiramate in the Treatment of Generalized Convulsive StatusEpilepticus in Adults: A Systematic Review with IndividualPatient Data Analysis,Drugs 77:67–74.
  • Acon-Chen C, Koenig JA, Smith GR, Truitt AR, Thomas TP, Shih TM. 2016. Evaluation of acetylcholine, seizure activity and neuropathology following high-dose nerve agent exposure and delayed neuroprotective treatment drugs in freely moving rats, Toxicol Mech Methods. 26:378-88.
  • Dominik Madzar D, Kuramatsu JB, Gerner ST, Huttner HB. 2016.Assessing the value of topiramate in refractory status epilepticus, Seizure, 38: 7–10.
Year 2018, Volume: 1 Issue: 2, 30 - 33, 22.12.2018

Abstract

References

  • Löscher W. 2002. Current status and future directions in the pharmacotherapy of epilepsy. Trends Pharmacol. Sci., 23: 113-118.
  • Hussain N, Appleton R, Thorburn K. 2007. Aetiology, course and outcome of children admitted to paediatric intensive care with convulsive status epilepticus: A retrospective 5-year review. Seizure, 16: 305-312.
  • Sloviter RS. 1983. Epileptic brain demage in rats induced by sustained electrical stimulation of the perforant path, I: acute electrophysiological and light microscopic studies. Brain Res Bull, 10: 675-697.
  • Shank RP, Gardocki JF, Vaught JL. 1994. Topiramate: preclinical evaluation of structurally novel anticonvulsant. Epilepsia, 35: 450-460.
  • Wauquier A, Zhou S. 1996. Topiramate: a potent anticonvulsant in the amygdala-kindled rat. Epilepsy Res, 24: 73-77.
  • Bourgeois BF. 1996. New antiepileptic drugs. Curr Opin Pediatr, 8: 543-548.
  • Ben-Menachem E, Sander JW, Stefan H, Schwalen S, Schauble B. 2008. Topiramate monotherapy in the treatment of newly or recently diagnosed epilepsy. Clin. Ther., 30: 1180-1195.
  • Latini G, Verrotti A, Manco R, Scardapane A, Del Vecchio A, Chiarelli F. 2008. Topiramate: its pharmacological properties and therapeutic efficacy in epilepsy. Mini Rev. Med. Chem., 8: 10-23.
  • Ashtari, F., Shaygannejad, V., Akbari, M., 2008. A double-blind, randomized trial of low-dose topiramate vs propranolol in migraine prophylaxis. Acta. Neurol. Scand. 118: 301-5.
  • Green AL, Weaver DF. 2008. Potential proconvulsant effects of oral zinc supplementation-A case report. NeuroToxicology, 29: 476-477.
  • Frederickson CJ, Suh SW, Silva D, Frederickson JC, Thompson RB. 2000. Importance of zinc in the central nervous system: the zinc-containing neuron. J. Nutr., 130: 1471–1483.
  • Takeda A. 2000. Movement of zinc and its functional significance in the brain. Brain Res. Brain Res. Rev. 34: 137–148.
  • Frederickson CJ, Hernandez MD, McGinty JF. 1989. Translocation of zinc may contribute to seizure-induced death of neurons. Brain Res., 480: 317–321.
  • Lee JM, Zipfel GJ, Park KH, He YY, Hsu CY, Choi DW. 2002. Zinc translocation accelerates infarction after mild transient focal ischemia. Neuroscience,115: 871-878.
  • Suh SW, Chen JW, Motamedi M, Bell B, Listiak K, Pons, NF. 2000. Evidence that synaptically-released zinc contributes to neuronal injury after traumatic brain injury. Brain Res., 852: 268-273.
  • Racine RJ. 1972. Modification of seizure activity by electrical stimulation II: motor seizure. Electroencephalogr. Clin Neurophysiol, 32: 281-294.
  • Noyan B, Jensen MS, Danscher G. 2007. The lack of effects of zinc and nitric oxide in initial state of pilocarpine-induced seizures. Seizure, 16: 410-416.
  • Niebauer M, Gruenthal M. 1999. Topiramate reduces neuronal injury after experimental stetus epilepticus. Brain Research, 837: 263-269.
  • Fisher A, Wang X, Cock HR, Thom M, Patsalos PN, Walker MC. 2004. Synergism between topiramate and budipine in refractory status epilepticus in the rat. Epilepsia, 45: 1300-1307.
  • Rigoulot MA, Boehrer A, Nehlig A. 2003. Effects of topiramate in two models of genetically determined generalized epilepsy, the GAERS and the audiogenic Wistar AS. Epilepsia, 44(1): 14-19.
  • Edmonds HL Jr, Jiang YD, Zhang PY.1996. Anticonvulsant activity of topiramate and phenytoin in a rat model of ischemia induced epilepsy. Life Science, 59: 127-131.
  • White HS, Brown SD, Woodhead JH, Skeen GA, Wolf HH. 1997. Topiramate enhances GABA mediated chloride flux and GABA evoked chloride currents in murine brain neurons and increases seizure threshold. Epilepsy Research, 28:167-179.
  • White HS, Brown SD, Woodhead JH, Skeen GA, Wolf HH. 2000. Topiramate modulates GABA evoked current in murine cortical neurons by a nonbenzodiazepine mechanism. Epilepsia, 41: 17-20.
  • Haugvicova R, Kubova H, Skutova M. 2000. Anticonvulsant action of topiramate against motor seizures in developing rats. Epilepsia, 41: 1235-1240.
  • Sills GJ, Leach JP, Kilpatrick WS. 2000. Concentration effect studies with topiramate on selected enzymes and intermediates of the GABA shunt. Epilepsia, 41: 30-34.
  • Kohling R, Vreugdenhil M, Bracci E. 2000. Ictal epileptiform activity is facilitated by hippocampal GABAA receptor mediated oscillations. Journal of Neuroscience, 20: 6820-6829.
  • Petrof OAC, Hyder F, Mattson RH. 1999. Topiramate increases brain GABA, homocarnosine and pyrrolidinone in patients with epilepsy. Neurology, 52: 473-478.
  • Placidi F, Tombini M, Romigi A, Bianchi L, Izzi F, Sperli F, Mattia D, Cervellino A, Marciani MG. 2004. Topiramate: effect on EEG interictal abnormalities and background activity in patients affected by focal epilepsy. Epilepsy Research, 58: 43-52.
  • Kudin AP, Debska-Vielhaber G, Vielhaber S, Elger CE, Kunz WS. 2004. The mechanism of neuroprotection by topiramate in an animal model of epilepsy. Epilepsia, 45: 1478-1487.
  • Brigo F, Bragazzi NL, Igwe SC. Nardone R, Trinka E. 2017.Topiramate in the Treatment of Generalized Convulsive StatusEpilepticus in Adults: A Systematic Review with IndividualPatient Data Analysis,Drugs 77:67–74.
  • Acon-Chen C, Koenig JA, Smith GR, Truitt AR, Thomas TP, Shih TM. 2016. Evaluation of acetylcholine, seizure activity and neuropathology following high-dose nerve agent exposure and delayed neuroprotective treatment drugs in freely moving rats, Toxicol Mech Methods. 26:378-88.
  • Dominik Madzar D, Kuramatsu JB, Gerner ST, Huttner HB. 2016.Assessing the value of topiramate in refractory status epilepticus, Seizure, 38: 7–10.
There are 32 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Veterinary Surgery
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Fusun Ak Sonat

Behzat Noyan This is me

Publication Date December 22, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 1 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Ak Sonat, F., & Noyan, B. (2018). The Investigation of The Effects of Topiramate Treatment on The Role of Zinc Ions in Experimental Epilepsy. International Journal of Veterinary and Animal Research, 1(2), 30-33.
AMA Ak Sonat F, Noyan B. The Investigation of The Effects of Topiramate Treatment on The Role of Zinc Ions in Experimental Epilepsy. IJVAR. December 2018;1(2):30-33.
Chicago Ak Sonat, Fusun, and Behzat Noyan. “The Investigation of The Effects of Topiramate Treatment on The Role of Zinc Ions in Experimental Epilepsy”. International Journal of Veterinary and Animal Research 1, no. 2 (December 2018): 30-33.
EndNote Ak Sonat F, Noyan B (December 1, 2018) The Investigation of The Effects of Topiramate Treatment on The Role of Zinc Ions in Experimental Epilepsy. International Journal of Veterinary and Animal Research 1 2 30–33.
IEEE F. Ak Sonat and B. Noyan, “The Investigation of The Effects of Topiramate Treatment on The Role of Zinc Ions in Experimental Epilepsy”, IJVAR, vol. 1, no. 2, pp. 30–33, 2018.
ISNAD Ak Sonat, Fusun - Noyan, Behzat. “The Investigation of The Effects of Topiramate Treatment on The Role of Zinc Ions in Experimental Epilepsy”. International Journal of Veterinary and Animal Research 1/2 (December 2018), 30-33.
JAMA Ak Sonat F, Noyan B. The Investigation of The Effects of Topiramate Treatment on The Role of Zinc Ions in Experimental Epilepsy. IJVAR. 2018;1:30–33.
MLA Ak Sonat, Fusun and Behzat Noyan. “The Investigation of The Effects of Topiramate Treatment on The Role of Zinc Ions in Experimental Epilepsy”. International Journal of Veterinary and Animal Research, vol. 1, no. 2, 2018, pp. 30-33.
Vancouver Ak Sonat F, Noyan B. The Investigation of The Effects of Topiramate Treatment on The Role of Zinc Ions in Experimental Epilepsy. IJVAR. 2018;1(2):30-3.