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Search and Rescue and Stiff Search Dogs in Disasters

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 661 - 667, 21.06.2023

Gültekin Yıldız

Abstract

In search and rescue operations, “time” is critical in order to rescue people trapped under debris, buried under avalanches, or submerged in water. Finding people alive is invaluable because time is critical. The equipment used by search and rescue teams is crucial, including concrete-breaking equipment, motorized saws, portable toilets, food, water, shelter, power, medical equipment, seismic listening devices that can detect weak sounds coming from within a rubble pile, expandable digital cameras for investigating gaps, and most importantly, highly trained dogs. When evaluating search and rescue teams consisting of dogs, trainers, and caregivers, the performance of the dog, the performance and knowledge of the caregiver, and the performance of the dog and caregiver as a team are considered. The performance of the dogs is the result of up to two years of training. Most of the dogs used to come from shepherd or hunting breeds and must be physically, mentally, and anatomically healthy. Dogs are tested in both wild and urban environments. In the first stage, we aim to reach a presence of at least three search and rescue cadavers and bloodhounds per district, for a total of 3,000 trained dogs across the country. Later, we need to increase this number to ten thousand as soon as possible. In the earthquake centered in Kahramanmaras, 13 million 421 thousand people were affected, with thousands dead or injured across ten provinces. Therefore, more people will be affected in cities such as Istanbul, where earthquakes are predicted to occur. Creating search and rescue teams without delay is extremely important, considering the procurement and training processes takes at least two years.

Keywords

Disaster search rescue stiff dog.

Project Number

-

References

  • Curry E, Skogen M., Roth T. “Evaluation Of An Odour Detection Dog For Non-İnvasive Pregnancy Diagnosis In Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus): Considerations For Training Sniffer Dogs For Biomedical İnvestigations In Wildlife Species”. Journal of Zoo and Aquarium Research, 2021, 9(1):1–7.
  • Shivik JA. “Odor-adsorptive Clothing, Environmental Factors, And Search-Dog Ability”. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 2002; 30(3):721-7.
  • Case LP. The Dog: Its Behavior, Nutrition, and Health”. Second edition, Blackwell Publishing, 2005. 496p. ISBN: 0-8138-1254- 2. 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK.
  • Sergei AK, Barnes PJ. “Exhaled Biomarkers” Chest, 2006; 130 (24): 1541-1546.
  • O” Connor MB, O “Connor C, Walsh CH. “A Dog’s Detection Of Low Blood Sugar: A Case Report”. Irish Journal of Medical Science. 2008, 177(2):155–7.
  • Sharun K, Jose B, Tiwari R, Natesan S, Dhama K. “Bio-Detection Dogs For Covıd-19: An Alternative Diagnostic Screening Strategy”. Public Health. 2021, 197:10-2.
  • Sanders CR. “The Impact of Guide Dogs on the Identity of People with Visual Impairments”. Anthrozoös. 2000, 13(3):131-9.
  • Dalziel D, Uthman B, Mcgorray S, Reep Rl. “Seizure-alert Dogs: A Review And Preliminary Study”. Seizure. 2003, 12(2):115–20.
  • Stepień I, Stepień L, Lubińska E. “Function of Dog”s Auditory Cortex In Tests Involving Auditory Location Cues And Directional Instrumental Response”, Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis, Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars). 1990, 50(1-2):1-12.
  • Szetei V, Miklósi Á, Topál J, Csányi V. “When Dogs Seem To Lose Their Nose: An Investigation on The Use of Visual and Olfactory Cues in Communicative Context Between Dog and Owner”. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 2003, 83(2):141–52.
  • Pickel D, Manucy GP, Walker DB, Hall SB, Walker JC. “Evidence for canine olfactory detection of melanoma”, Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 2004, 89 (1-2):107–16.
  • Lorenzo N, Wan T, Harper RJ, Hsu Y, Chow M, Rose S, Furton KG. “Laboratory And Field Experiments Used To Identify canis lupus var. Familiaris Active Odor Signature Chemicals From Drugs, Explosives, and Humans”. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 2003, 376 (8):1212–24.
  • Atasoy F, Erdem E. Köpek Duyuları. Lalahan Hay. Araşt. Enst. Dergisi. 2014, 54(1):33-8.
  • Cengiz S. Possible Hazards And Risks That Search And Rescue (SAR) Dogs May Face In CBRN Incidents. GÜSBD. 2022, 11(1):300-7.
  • Bulanda S. Ready! The Training Of The Search And Rescue Dog. CompanionHouse Books, 2014. 264p.
  • Uymaz S. Arama ve Kurtarma Teknikleri. 2023 [cited 2023 February 18]. Available from: https://acikders.ankara.edu.tr/course/view. php?id=8468.
  • Jakem. Köpek Birlik Eğitimleri. 2023 [cited 2023 February 18]. Available from: https://www.jandarma.gov.tr/jakem/kopek-birlik-egitimleri
  • Eker G. Kadavra / Ceset Arama Köpekleri. 2013 [cited 2023 February 18]. Available from: https://www.goktaneker.com/2013/08/15/kadavra-ceset-arama-kopekleri-ve-kullanimi/.
  • AFAD. AFAD Arama Kurtarma Köpekleri. 2023 [cited 2023 February 18]. Available from: https://www.afad.gov.tr/arama-kurtarma-kopekleri.
  • Sakarya, 2023. Türkiye'nin en hassas burunlu arama kurtarma köpekleri Sakarya'da belirleniyor. [cited 2023 February 18]. Available from: https://www.yenisafak.com/hayat/turkiyenin-en-hassas-burunlu-arama-kurtarma-kopekleri-sakaryada-belirleniyor-3865016.
  • Koçer Y. Arama kurtarma köpekleri Samsun AFAD’ın göz bebeği. 2021 [cited 2023 February 18]. Available from: https://samsunsehirgazetesi. com/ gundem/arama-kurtarma-kopekleri-samsun-afadin-goz-bebegi-1388.
  • Rue N. 2019. Dogs provide help, support in natural disasters. Dogsbestlife.com. 20 Nisan 2019.
  • Stanevich R. The Basics About Search and Rescue Dogs. 2023 [cited 2023 February 18]. Available from: https://www.ncadogs.orgsar1.html.
  • Mehus-Roe K. Disaster Search and Rescue Dogs. 2002 [cited 2023 February 18]. Available from: https://www.petfinder.com/helping-pets/ animals-and-disaster-relief/disaster-search-rescue-dogs/.
  • Handwerk B. How search-and-rescue dogs find survivors. 2021 [cited 2023 February 18]. Available from: https://www.nationalgeographic. com/ animals/article/rescue-dogs-behavior-animals.
  • Akyürek ZD. Enkazdan hayat kurtaran köpeklerin sırrı! Hiçbir teknoloji önüne geçemiyor. 2023. [cited 2023 February 9]. Available from: https://www.milliyet.com.tr/gundem/enkazdan-hayat-kurtaran-kopeklerin-sirri-hicbir-teknoloji-onune-gecemiyor-6900417.
  • Atasoy F. Köpek Duyuları ve Yerli Irklar. S81-99. Editör: Ünver Y, Hancı İ. H. Adli Koku. Seçkin Kitabevi, Ankara. ISBN. 9789750241833. 2017. p231.
  • Erdem AK. Köpekleri kanser ve Kovid-19 ön tanısı koymak için kullanabiliriz. İndependent, 24 Nisan 2020.
  • Welsh N. Search Dogs Comb Hills of Montecito for Survivors and Remains. 2018 [cited 2023 February 18]. Available from: https://www. independent.com/ 2018/01/14/search-dogs-comb-hills-montecito-survivors-and-remains/.
  • Beaubien J, Balaban S. Sniffer dogs offer hope in waning rescue efforts in Turkey. 2023 [cited 2023 February 18]. Available from: https:// www.npr.org/sections/ goatsandsoda/2023/02/13/1156499861/sniffer-dogs-offer-hope-in-waning-rescue-efforts-in-turkey.
  • Layton J, Gleim S. How Search-and-rescue Dogs Work. 2023 [cited 2023 February 18]. Available from: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/ animal-facts/sar-dog1.htm.
  • Hebard C. Use of search and rescue dogs. Symposium on Disaster Medicine. J Am vet Med Assoc. 1993, 203(7): 999-1.
  • Wegmann A, Heines W. Such und Hilf- Hunde retten Menschenleben. ISBN: 3924008477. Kynos Verlag. 1997.
  • Syrotuck WG. Scent and the Scenting Dog. ISBN: 097004942. Publisher: Barkleigh Productions, Inc. 2000.
  • Augsburger M. Mental health of voluntary canine search and rescue workers in Germany – Mission-related stressors and need for future interventions. A pilot investigation. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2020, 44:101409.
  • Fox PR, Puschner B, Ebel JG. “Assessment of Acute Injuries, Exposure To Environmental Toxins, and Five-Year Health Surveillance of New York Police Department Working Dogs Following The September 11, 2001, World Trade Center terrorist attack”, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2008, 233(1):48-59.
  • Segelken R. Search-and-rescue dogs at World Trade Center were helped byveterinarians from Cornell and Northeast region. 2001 [cited 2023 February 18]. Available from: https://news.cornell.edu/ stories/2001/09/search-and-rescue-dogs-world-trade-center-were-helped-veterinarians-cornell-and.
  • TÜİK. Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi Sonuçları, 2022. 2022 [cited 2023 February 18]. Available from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/ Index?p=49685

Afetlerde Arama- Kurtarma ve Ceset Arama Köpekleri

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 2, 661 - 667, 21.06.2023

Gültekin Yıldız

Abstract

Arama ve kurtarma faaliyetinde göçük altında, çığ ve çamur toprak altında gömülü, su içinde olan insanların canlı olarak kurtarılabilmesi için “zaman” çok önemlidir. Zaman kritik olduğundan insanları canlı bulmak paha biçilmezdir. Arama kurtarma ekiplerinin kullandıkları teçhizatları çok önemlidir. Bu teçhizatlar arasında beton kırma ekipmanı, motorlu el testereleri, tuvalet çadırları, yiyecek, su, barınak, güç, tıbbi ekipman, enkaz yığınının içinden gelen zayıf sesleri algılayabilen sismik dinleme cihazları, açıklıkları araştıran genişletilebilir dijital kameralar ve en önemlisi yüksek eğitimli köpekleri olmalıdır. Köpek, eğitmen ve bakıcıdan kurulan arama kurtarma ekipleri değerlendirilirken köpeğin performansı, bakıcının performansı ve bilgisi, köpek ve bakıcının ekip olarak performansı ele alınır. Köpeklerin performansı iki yıla varan bir eğitimin ürünüdür. Kullanılan köpeklerin çoğu çoban veya avcı ırklardan gelmektedir. Fiziksel, zihinsel ve anatomik olarak sağlıklı olmalıdır. Köpekler, vahşi ve kentsel ortamlarda test edilir. Ülkemizde ilk aşamada her ilçede en az üç köpekten oluşan ve toplamda üç bine varan arama kurtarma-ceset ve kan köpeği varlığına ulaşmamız hedeflenmelidir. Daha sonra bu eğitimli hayvan sayısını en kısa sürede on bin sayısına ulaştırmamız gereklidir. Merkez üssü Kahramanmaraş olan depremde on ilde 13 milyon 421 bin insan zarar gördü, binlercesi vefat etti, yaralandı. Haliyle 15.5 milyon insanın yaşadığı İstanbul gibi deprem olması öngörülen şehirlerde daha fazla insanın etkilenmesi söz konusudur. Temin ve eğitimlerin en az iki yıl sürdüğünü düşünerek Arama Kurtarma Ekiplerinin zaman kaybetmeksizin oluşturulması son derece önemlidir.

Keywords

Afet arama kurtarma ceset köpek

Supporting Institution

-

Project Number

-

Thanks

-

References

  • Curry E, Skogen M., Roth T. “Evaluation Of An Odour Detection Dog For Non-İnvasive Pregnancy Diagnosis In Polar Bears (Ursus maritimus): Considerations For Training Sniffer Dogs For Biomedical İnvestigations In Wildlife Species”. Journal of Zoo and Aquarium Research, 2021, 9(1):1–7.
  • Shivik JA. “Odor-adsorptive Clothing, Environmental Factors, And Search-Dog Ability”. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 2002; 30(3):721-7.
  • Case LP. The Dog: Its Behavior, Nutrition, and Health”. Second edition, Blackwell Publishing, 2005. 496p. ISBN: 0-8138-1254- 2. 9600 Garsington Road, Oxford OX4 2DQ, UK.
  • Sergei AK, Barnes PJ. “Exhaled Biomarkers” Chest, 2006; 130 (24): 1541-1546.
  • O” Connor MB, O “Connor C, Walsh CH. “A Dog’s Detection Of Low Blood Sugar: A Case Report”. Irish Journal of Medical Science. 2008, 177(2):155–7.
  • Sharun K, Jose B, Tiwari R, Natesan S, Dhama K. “Bio-Detection Dogs For Covıd-19: An Alternative Diagnostic Screening Strategy”. Public Health. 2021, 197:10-2.
  • Sanders CR. “The Impact of Guide Dogs on the Identity of People with Visual Impairments”. Anthrozoös. 2000, 13(3):131-9.
  • Dalziel D, Uthman B, Mcgorray S, Reep Rl. “Seizure-alert Dogs: A Review And Preliminary Study”. Seizure. 2003, 12(2):115–20.
  • Stepień I, Stepień L, Lubińska E. “Function of Dog”s Auditory Cortex In Tests Involving Auditory Location Cues And Directional Instrumental Response”, Acta Neurobiologiae Experimentalis, Acta Neurobiol Exp (Wars). 1990, 50(1-2):1-12.
  • Szetei V, Miklósi Á, Topál J, Csányi V. “When Dogs Seem To Lose Their Nose: An Investigation on The Use of Visual and Olfactory Cues in Communicative Context Between Dog and Owner”. Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 2003, 83(2):141–52.
  • Pickel D, Manucy GP, Walker DB, Hall SB, Walker JC. “Evidence for canine olfactory detection of melanoma”, Applied Animal Behaviour Science. 2004, 89 (1-2):107–16.
  • Lorenzo N, Wan T, Harper RJ, Hsu Y, Chow M, Rose S, Furton KG. “Laboratory And Field Experiments Used To Identify canis lupus var. Familiaris Active Odor Signature Chemicals From Drugs, Explosives, and Humans”. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry. 2003, 376 (8):1212–24.
  • Atasoy F, Erdem E. Köpek Duyuları. Lalahan Hay. Araşt. Enst. Dergisi. 2014, 54(1):33-8.
  • Cengiz S. Possible Hazards And Risks That Search And Rescue (SAR) Dogs May Face In CBRN Incidents. GÜSBD. 2022, 11(1):300-7.
  • Bulanda S. Ready! The Training Of The Search And Rescue Dog. CompanionHouse Books, 2014. 264p.
  • Uymaz S. Arama ve Kurtarma Teknikleri. 2023 [cited 2023 February 18]. Available from: https://acikders.ankara.edu.tr/course/view. php?id=8468.
  • Jakem. Köpek Birlik Eğitimleri. 2023 [cited 2023 February 18]. Available from: https://www.jandarma.gov.tr/jakem/kopek-birlik-egitimleri
  • Eker G. Kadavra / Ceset Arama Köpekleri. 2013 [cited 2023 February 18]. Available from: https://www.goktaneker.com/2013/08/15/kadavra-ceset-arama-kopekleri-ve-kullanimi/.
  • AFAD. AFAD Arama Kurtarma Köpekleri. 2023 [cited 2023 February 18]. Available from: https://www.afad.gov.tr/arama-kurtarma-kopekleri.
  • Sakarya, 2023. Türkiye'nin en hassas burunlu arama kurtarma köpekleri Sakarya'da belirleniyor. [cited 2023 February 18]. Available from: https://www.yenisafak.com/hayat/turkiyenin-en-hassas-burunlu-arama-kurtarma-kopekleri-sakaryada-belirleniyor-3865016.
  • Koçer Y. Arama kurtarma köpekleri Samsun AFAD’ın göz bebeği. 2021 [cited 2023 February 18]. Available from: https://samsunsehirgazetesi. com/ gundem/arama-kurtarma-kopekleri-samsun-afadin-goz-bebegi-1388.
  • Rue N. 2019. Dogs provide help, support in natural disasters. Dogsbestlife.com. 20 Nisan 2019.
  • Stanevich R. The Basics About Search and Rescue Dogs. 2023 [cited 2023 February 18]. Available from: https://www.ncadogs.orgsar1.html.
  • Mehus-Roe K. Disaster Search and Rescue Dogs. 2002 [cited 2023 February 18]. Available from: https://www.petfinder.com/helping-pets/ animals-and-disaster-relief/disaster-search-rescue-dogs/.
  • Handwerk B. How search-and-rescue dogs find survivors. 2021 [cited 2023 February 18]. Available from: https://www.nationalgeographic. com/ animals/article/rescue-dogs-behavior-animals.
  • Akyürek ZD. Enkazdan hayat kurtaran köpeklerin sırrı! Hiçbir teknoloji önüne geçemiyor. 2023. [cited 2023 February 9]. Available from: https://www.milliyet.com.tr/gundem/enkazdan-hayat-kurtaran-kopeklerin-sirri-hicbir-teknoloji-onune-gecemiyor-6900417.
  • Atasoy F. Köpek Duyuları ve Yerli Irklar. S81-99. Editör: Ünver Y, Hancı İ. H. Adli Koku. Seçkin Kitabevi, Ankara. ISBN. 9789750241833. 2017. p231.
  • Erdem AK. Köpekleri kanser ve Kovid-19 ön tanısı koymak için kullanabiliriz. İndependent, 24 Nisan 2020.
  • Welsh N. Search Dogs Comb Hills of Montecito for Survivors and Remains. 2018 [cited 2023 February 18]. Available from: https://www. independent.com/ 2018/01/14/search-dogs-comb-hills-montecito-survivors-and-remains/.
  • Beaubien J, Balaban S. Sniffer dogs offer hope in waning rescue efforts in Turkey. 2023 [cited 2023 February 18]. Available from: https:// www.npr.org/sections/ goatsandsoda/2023/02/13/1156499861/sniffer-dogs-offer-hope-in-waning-rescue-efforts-in-turkey.
  • Layton J, Gleim S. How Search-and-rescue Dogs Work. 2023 [cited 2023 February 18]. Available from: https://animals.howstuffworks.com/ animal-facts/sar-dog1.htm.
  • Hebard C. Use of search and rescue dogs. Symposium on Disaster Medicine. J Am vet Med Assoc. 1993, 203(7): 999-1.
  • Wegmann A, Heines W. Such und Hilf- Hunde retten Menschenleben. ISBN: 3924008477. Kynos Verlag. 1997.
  • Syrotuck WG. Scent and the Scenting Dog. ISBN: 097004942. Publisher: Barkleigh Productions, Inc. 2000.
  • Augsburger M. Mental health of voluntary canine search and rescue workers in Germany – Mission-related stressors and need for future interventions. A pilot investigation. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction. 2020, 44:101409.
  • Fox PR, Puschner B, Ebel JG. “Assessment of Acute Injuries, Exposure To Environmental Toxins, and Five-Year Health Surveillance of New York Police Department Working Dogs Following The September 11, 2001, World Trade Center terrorist attack”, Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association. 2008, 233(1):48-59.
  • Segelken R. Search-and-rescue dogs at World Trade Center were helped byveterinarians from Cornell and Northeast region. 2001 [cited 2023 February 18]. Available from: https://news.cornell.edu/ stories/2001/09/search-and-rescue-dogs-world-trade-center-were-helped-veterinarians-cornell-and.
  • TÜİK. Adrese Dayalı Nüfus Kayıt Sistemi Sonuçları, 2022. 2022 [cited 2023 February 18]. Available from: https://data.tuik.gov.tr/Bulten/ Index?p=49685
There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Derlemeler
Authors

Gültekin Yıldız 0000-0002-1003-9254

Project Number -
Early Pub Date July 13, 2023
Publication Date June 21, 2023
Submission Date February 27, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 8 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Yıldız, G. (2023). Afetlerde Arama- Kurtarma ve Ceset Arama Köpekleri. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, 8(2), 661-667.
AMA Yıldız G. Afetlerde Arama- Kurtarma ve Ceset Arama Köpekleri. İKÇÜSBFD. June 2023;8(2):661-667.
Chicago Yıldız, Gültekin. “Afetlerde Arama- Kurtarma Ve Ceset Arama Köpekleri”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 8, no. 2 (June 2023): 661-67.
EndNote Yıldız G (June 1, 2023) Afetlerde Arama- Kurtarma ve Ceset Arama Köpekleri. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 8 2 661–667.
IEEE G. Yıldız, “Afetlerde Arama- Kurtarma ve Ceset Arama Köpekleri”, İKÇÜSBFD, vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 661–667, 2023.
ISNAD Yıldız, Gültekin. “Afetlerde Arama- Kurtarma Ve Ceset Arama Köpekleri”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi 8/2 (June 2023), 661-667.
JAMA Yıldız G. Afetlerde Arama- Kurtarma ve Ceset Arama Köpekleri. İKÇÜSBFD. 2023;8:661–667.
MLA Yıldız, Gültekin. “Afetlerde Arama- Kurtarma Ve Ceset Arama Köpekleri”. İzmir Katip Çelebi Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 8, no. 2, 2023, pp. 661-7.
Vancouver Yıldız G. Afetlerde Arama- Kurtarma ve Ceset Arama Köpekleri. İKÇÜSBFD. 2023;8(2):661-7.
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