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Effects of Some Factors on Milk Yield and Components of Holstein-Friesian Cattle in England

Year 2010, Volume: 36 Issue: 1, 65 - 74, 13.10.2010

Abstract

ABSTRACT

This study was conducted to determine the duration of lactation, lactation and 305 days milk yield, milk fat and protein percentage and somatic cell counts of Holstein-Friesian cattle selected randomly in five private farms in England and to investigate the effects of some environmental factors on these traits. Material of the study was 2514 yield records collected from Holstein-Friesian cattle between the years 1994 and 2003. In the statistical analysis of the yields, contrast-test of the GLM procedure in SAS programme package was used.

General average of the duration of lactation, lactation and 305 days milk yield, milk fat and protein percentage and milk somatic cell counts were 324.32 days, 7715.23 kg, 7218.62 kg, 4.028%, 3.333% and 137,948 cell/ml respectively. During the study, the farm where the animals were kept and the year in which lactation started made significant effects at P<0.001 level on all traits, also the turn of lactation has made a P<0.05 level effect on these traits except the P<0.05 level effect on the duration of lactation. Season had no important effect on lactation milk yield and somatic cell count in milk. However, season, like other factors made significant effects on the duration of lactation, milk fat and protein rates at a level of P<0.001 and on 305 days milk yield at a level P<0.01.

The results of this study showed that the farms achieved high levels of milk yield by providing optimal conditions. Management conditions and the use of high yielding breeders accomplished the improvement in yields in different years. Two principle factors came forward in the study and highest determining factors were observed to be the farm and turn of lactation.

Key Words: Holstein-Friesian, milk yield and components, somatic cell count.

 

 

 

ÖZET

Bu çalışma, İngiltere'deki rastgele seçilmiş beş ayrı özel işletmede yetiştirilen Siyah-Alaca sığırların laktasyon süreleri, gerçek ve 305 günlük süt verimleri, sütteki yağ ve protein oranları ile somatik hücre sayılarının belirlenmesi, bu verimler üzerinde bazı çevre faktörlerinin etkilerinin incelenmesi amacıyla yapılmıştır. Araştırmanın materyalini 1994-2003 yılları arasında yetiştirilen Siyah-Alaca sığırlardan elde edilen 2514 verim değeri oluşturmuştur. Siyah-Alaca sığırların verim değerlerinin istatistik analizlerinde GLM prosedüründen contrast-testi kullanılmıştır.

İncelenen süt verimi özelliklerinden laktasyon süreleri, gerçek ve 305 günlük süt verimleri, sütteki yağ ve protein oranları ile somatik hücre sayısına ait genel ortalamalar 324,32 gün, 7715,23 kg, 7218,62 kg, %4,028, %3,333 ve 137.998 hücre/ml olarak belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada, etkileri araştırılan faktörlerden hayvanların yetiştirildikleri çiftliğin ve laktasyona başlanan yılın tüm özellikler üzerinde P<0,001 düzeylerinde, yine laktasyon sırasının da bu özellikler üzerinde, laktasyon süresi üzerinde P<0,05 düzeyindeki etkisi dışında, aynı düzeyde önemli bir faktör olduğu belirlenmiştir. Mevsimin ise, gerçek süt verimi ve sütteki somatik hücre sayıları üzerindeki etkisi önemsiz olarak bulunmuştur. Ancak, mevsim faktörünün diğer faktörler gibi laktasyon süresi, sütteki yağ ve protein oranları üzerinde P<0,001 ve 305 günlük süt verimi üzerinde P<0,01 düzeylerinde önemli etkisinin olduğu bulunmuştur.

Bu araştırmada elde edilen sonuçlar, işletmelerin sığır yetiştiriciliği için gerekli optimum koşulları sağlayarak yüksek düzeyde verim elde ettiklerini göstermektedir. Hayvanlara uygulanan management ve kullanılan daha yüksek verimli damızlık materyal yıllar arasında daha yüksek verime ulaşılmasını sağlamıştır. Çalışmada temel olarak iki faktör ön plana çıkmış ve en yüksek düzeyde belirleyici faktörlerin çiftlik ve laktasyon sırası olduğu belirlenmiştir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Siyah-Alaca, süt verimi ve süt komponentleri, somatik hücre sayısı.

References

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  • DEFRA, 2004. Animal Health and Welfare. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. http://www.defra.gov.uk (Erişim 17.05.2004).
  • Duru, S., Tuncel, E . , 2002. An investigation on milk yield and reproductive performance of Holstein Friesian cows in Koçaş State Farm. 2. Reproductive Traits. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 26 (1), 103ı 107.
  • FAO, 2004. Statistical Database. http://faostat.fao.org/faostat/collections?subset= agriculture (Erişim 18.05.2004).
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  • Glover, M.E., 1997. Practical and Financial Implications of Fertility Control Management. Nottingham Cattle Fertility Conference Controlling Fertility in Dairy Cows. Nottingham University, UK.
  • Goodnight, J.H., Harvey, W.R., 1978. Least-squares means in the fixed effects general linear model. SAS Technical Report (R-103), Cary, North Carolina: SAS Institute Incorporated.
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  • Günes, H., 1996. Kumkale Tarım İşletmesi'nde 10 yıllık Siyah-Alaca sığır yetiştiriciliği üzerinde araştırmalar. I I . Süt verim özellikleri. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 22 (2), 225-240.
  • Haile-Mariam, M., Bowman, P.J., Goddard, M.E., 2003. Genetic and environmental relationship among calving interval, survival, persistency of milk yield and somatik cell count in dairy cattle. Livestock Production Science 80, 189-200.
  • Hovi, M., Roderick, S., Taylor, N., Hanks, J . , Kyriazakis, I . , Zervas, G., 2002. The production characteristics organic dairy herds in the UK. Organic Meat and Milk from Ruminants. Proceedings of a Joint International Conference Organised by the Hellenic Society of Animal Production and the British Society of Animal Science, Athens, Greece, 4-6 October 2001. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, Netherlands, 127-133.
  • Kaya, I . , Uzmay, C., Kaya, A., Akbas, Y . , 2003. Comparative analysis of milk yield and reproductive traits of Holstein-Friesian cows born in Turkey or imported from Italy and kept on farms under the Turkish-ANAFI Project. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2 (2), 141ı 150.
  • Laevens, H., Deluyker, H., De Kruif, A., 1998. Somatik cell count measurements: A diagnostic tool to detect mastitis. Production Diseases in Farm Animals, 10t h International Conference, 301-311.
  • Lamming, G.E., Darwash, A.O., Wathes, D.C., Ball, P.J., 1998. The fertility of dairy cattle in the UK: Current status and future research. Journal of Royal Agricultural Society of England 159, 82-93. Measures of before and after breeding daily gains of dairy replacement heifers and their relationship with first lactation milk production traits. Livestock Production Science 75, 313ı 322.
  • Mayne, C.S., McCoy, M.A., Lennox, S.D., Mackey, D.R., Verner, M., Catney, D.C., McCaughey, W.J., Wylie, A.R.G., Kennedy, B.W., Gordon, F.J., 2002. Fertility of dairy cows in Northern Ireland. Veterinary Record 150 (23), 707-713.
  • Mrode, R.A., Swanson, G.J.T., Winters, M.S., 1998. Genetic parameters and evaluation for somatic cell counts and its relationship with production and type traits in some dairy breeds in the United Kingdom. Animal Science 66, 569-576.
  • NASS, 2001. Milk production, disposition and income summary. US Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistical Service, http://www.usda.gov/nass/ (Erişim 17.05.2004).
  • NDC, 2001. Dairy Facts and Figures. National Dairy Council (Federation of United Kingdom Milk Marketing Board), London, 1-275.
  • Ojango, J.M.K., Pollott, G.E., 2002. The relationship between Holstein bull breeding values for milk yield derived in both the UK and Kenya. Livestock Production Science 74, 1-12.
  • Ouweltjes, W., 1998. The relationship between milk yield and milking interval in dairy cows. Livestock Production Science 56, 193-201.
  • Pelister, B., Altınel, A., Güneş, H., 2000. Özel işletme koşullarında yetiştirilen değişik orijinli Siyah- Alaca sığırların döl ve süt verimi özellikleri üzerinde bazı çevresel faktörlerin etkileri. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 26 (2), 543-559.
  • Phillips, C.J.C., 2001. Principles of Cattle Production. CABI Publishing, London.
  • Roughsedge, T., Visscher, P.M., Brotherstone, S., 2000. Effects of cow families on production traits in dairy cattle. Animal Science 71 (1), 49ı
  • Schepers, A.J., Lam, T.J.G.M., Schukken, Y . H . , Wilmink, J.B.M., Hanekamp, W.J.A., 1997. Estimation of variance components in somatic cell count to determine threshold for uninfected quarters. Journal of Dairy Science 80, 1833.
  • Searle, S.R., Speed, F.M., Milliken, G.A., 1980. Populations marginal means in the linear model. An alternative to least squares means. The American Statistician 34, 216-221.
  • Taylor, V.J., Beever, D.E., Bryant, M.J., Wathes, D.C., 2003. Metabolic profiles and progesterone cycles in first lactation dairy cows. Theriogenology 59, 1661-1677.
  • Van Arendonk, J.A.M., Liinamo, A., 2003. Dairy cattle production in Europe. Theriogenology 59, 563-569.
  • Veerkamp, R . F . , Stott, A.W., Hill, W.G., Brotherstone, S., 1998. The economic value of somatic cell count payment schemes for UK dairy breeding programmes. Animal Science 66 (2), 293-298.
  • Whitaker, D.A., Kelly, J.M., Smith, S., 2000. Disposal and disease rates in 340 British dairy herds. Veterinary Record 146 (13) 363-367.
  • Wood, P.D.P., 1985. Importance of the calving interval to milk yield in the following lactation of British Friesian cows. Journal of Dairy Research 52, 1-8.
Year 2010, Volume: 36 Issue: 1, 65 - 74, 13.10.2010

Abstract

References

  • Bertling, L . M . , Shook, G.E., 1992. Prediction of mastitis using milk somatik cell count, N - Acetyl-beta-D-glucosaminidase and lactose. Journal of Dairy Science 75, 1840.
  • DEFRA, 2004. Animal Health and Welfare. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs. http://www.defra.gov.uk (Erişim 17.05.2004).
  • Duru, S., Tuncel, E . , 2002. An investigation on milk yield and reproductive performance of Holstein Friesian cows in Koçaş State Farm. 2. Reproductive Traits. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 26 (1), 103ı 107.
  • FAO, 2004. Statistical Database. http://faostat.fao.org/faostat/collections?subset= agriculture (Erişim 18.05.2004).
  • Mantysaari, P., Ojala, M., Mantysaari, E.A., 2002.
  • Glover, M.E., 1997. Practical and Financial Implications of Fertility Control Management. Nottingham Cattle Fertility Conference Controlling Fertility in Dairy Cows. Nottingham University, UK.
  • Goodnight, J.H., Harvey, W.R., 1978. Least-squares means in the fixed effects general linear model. SAS Technical Report (R-103), Cary, North Carolina: SAS Institute Incorporated.
  • Gröhn, Y., McDermott, J.J., Schukken, Y.H., Hertl, J.A., Eicker, S., 1999. Analysis of correlated continuous repeated observations: Modelling the effect of ketosis on milk yield in dairy cows. Preventive Veterinary Medicine 39, 137-153.
  • Günes, H., 1996. Kumkale Tarım İşletmesi'nde 10 yıllık Siyah-Alaca sığır yetiştiriciliği üzerinde araştırmalar. I I . Süt verim özellikleri. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 22 (2), 225-240.
  • Haile-Mariam, M., Bowman, P.J., Goddard, M.E., 2003. Genetic and environmental relationship among calving interval, survival, persistency of milk yield and somatik cell count in dairy cattle. Livestock Production Science 80, 189-200.
  • Hovi, M., Roderick, S., Taylor, N., Hanks, J . , Kyriazakis, I . , Zervas, G., 2002. The production characteristics organic dairy herds in the UK. Organic Meat and Milk from Ruminants. Proceedings of a Joint International Conference Organised by the Hellenic Society of Animal Production and the British Society of Animal Science, Athens, Greece, 4-6 October 2001. Wageningen Academic Publishers, Wageningen, Netherlands, 127-133.
  • Kaya, I . , Uzmay, C., Kaya, A., Akbas, Y . , 2003. Comparative analysis of milk yield and reproductive traits of Holstein-Friesian cows born in Turkey or imported from Italy and kept on farms under the Turkish-ANAFI Project. Italian Journal of Animal Science 2 (2), 141ı 150.
  • Laevens, H., Deluyker, H., De Kruif, A., 1998. Somatik cell count measurements: A diagnostic tool to detect mastitis. Production Diseases in Farm Animals, 10t h International Conference, 301-311.
  • Lamming, G.E., Darwash, A.O., Wathes, D.C., Ball, P.J., 1998. The fertility of dairy cattle in the UK: Current status and future research. Journal of Royal Agricultural Society of England 159, 82-93. Measures of before and after breeding daily gains of dairy replacement heifers and their relationship with first lactation milk production traits. Livestock Production Science 75, 313ı 322.
  • Mayne, C.S., McCoy, M.A., Lennox, S.D., Mackey, D.R., Verner, M., Catney, D.C., McCaughey, W.J., Wylie, A.R.G., Kennedy, B.W., Gordon, F.J., 2002. Fertility of dairy cows in Northern Ireland. Veterinary Record 150 (23), 707-713.
  • Mrode, R.A., Swanson, G.J.T., Winters, M.S., 1998. Genetic parameters and evaluation for somatic cell counts and its relationship with production and type traits in some dairy breeds in the United Kingdom. Animal Science 66, 569-576.
  • NASS, 2001. Milk production, disposition and income summary. US Department of Agriculture, National Agricultural Statistical Service, http://www.usda.gov/nass/ (Erişim 17.05.2004).
  • NDC, 2001. Dairy Facts and Figures. National Dairy Council (Federation of United Kingdom Milk Marketing Board), London, 1-275.
  • Ojango, J.M.K., Pollott, G.E., 2002. The relationship between Holstein bull breeding values for milk yield derived in both the UK and Kenya. Livestock Production Science 74, 1-12.
  • Ouweltjes, W., 1998. The relationship between milk yield and milking interval in dairy cows. Livestock Production Science 56, 193-201.
  • Pelister, B., Altınel, A., Güneş, H., 2000. Özel işletme koşullarında yetiştirilen değişik orijinli Siyah- Alaca sığırların döl ve süt verimi özellikleri üzerinde bazı çevresel faktörlerin etkileri. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 26 (2), 543-559.
  • Phillips, C.J.C., 2001. Principles of Cattle Production. CABI Publishing, London.
  • Roughsedge, T., Visscher, P.M., Brotherstone, S., 2000. Effects of cow families on production traits in dairy cattle. Animal Science 71 (1), 49ı
  • Schepers, A.J., Lam, T.J.G.M., Schukken, Y . H . , Wilmink, J.B.M., Hanekamp, W.J.A., 1997. Estimation of variance components in somatic cell count to determine threshold for uninfected quarters. Journal of Dairy Science 80, 1833.
  • Searle, S.R., Speed, F.M., Milliken, G.A., 1980. Populations marginal means in the linear model. An alternative to least squares means. The American Statistician 34, 216-221.
  • Taylor, V.J., Beever, D.E., Bryant, M.J., Wathes, D.C., 2003. Metabolic profiles and progesterone cycles in first lactation dairy cows. Theriogenology 59, 1661-1677.
  • Van Arendonk, J.A.M., Liinamo, A., 2003. Dairy cattle production in Europe. Theriogenology 59, 563-569.
  • Veerkamp, R . F . , Stott, A.W., Hill, W.G., Brotherstone, S., 1998. The economic value of somatic cell count payment schemes for UK dairy breeding programmes. Animal Science 66 (2), 293-298.
  • Whitaker, D.A., Kelly, J.M., Smith, S., 2000. Disposal and disease rates in 340 British dairy herds. Veterinary Record 146 (13) 363-367.
  • Wood, P.D.P., 1985. Importance of the calving interval to milk yield in the following lactation of British Friesian cows. Journal of Dairy Research 52, 1-8.
There are 30 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Nihal Topaloğlu This is me

Halil Güneş

Publication Date October 13, 2010
Published in Issue Year 2010 Volume: 36 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Topaloğlu, N., & Güneş, H. (2010). Effects of Some Factors on Milk Yield and Components of Holstein-Friesian Cattle in England. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 36(1), 65-74. https://doi.org/10.16988/iuvfd.38838
AMA Topaloğlu N, Güneş H. Effects of Some Factors on Milk Yield and Components of Holstein-Friesian Cattle in England. iuvfd. October 2010;36(1):65-74. doi:10.16988/iuvfd.38838
Chicago Topaloğlu, Nihal, and Halil Güneş. “Effects of Some Factors on Milk Yield and Components of Holstein-Friesian Cattle in England”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 36, no. 1 (October 2010): 65-74. https://doi.org/10.16988/iuvfd.38838.
EndNote Topaloğlu N, Güneş H (October 1, 2010) Effects of Some Factors on Milk Yield and Components of Holstein-Friesian Cattle in England. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 36 1 65–74.
IEEE N. Topaloğlu and H. Güneş, “Effects of Some Factors on Milk Yield and Components of Holstein-Friesian Cattle in England”, iuvfd, vol. 36, no. 1, pp. 65–74, 2010, doi: 10.16988/iuvfd.38838.
ISNAD Topaloğlu, Nihal - Güneş, Halil. “Effects of Some Factors on Milk Yield and Components of Holstein-Friesian Cattle in England”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 36/1 (October 2010), 65-74. https://doi.org/10.16988/iuvfd.38838.
JAMA Topaloğlu N, Güneş H. Effects of Some Factors on Milk Yield and Components of Holstein-Friesian Cattle in England. iuvfd. 2010;36:65–74.
MLA Topaloğlu, Nihal and Halil Güneş. “Effects of Some Factors on Milk Yield and Components of Holstein-Friesian Cattle in England”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 36, no. 1, 2010, pp. 65-74, doi:10.16988/iuvfd.38838.
Vancouver Topaloğlu N, Güneş H. Effects of Some Factors on Milk Yield and Components of Holstein-Friesian Cattle in England. iuvfd. 2010;36(1):65-74.