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Year 2013, Volume: 39 Issue: 1, 20 - 32, 16.11.2012

Abstract

The aim of this study was to obtain morphometric data to find out the homotypic variations of right and left long bones of forelimb and hindlimb in mature laboratory animals considering the sex variations, and a data source which will enable to study the correlation between these data and live weight values. For this live weights osteometric values of long bones (humerus, antebrachium, femur, tibia, fibula) of forelimb and hindlimb of 15 male and 15 female laboratory animals are measured. As a result, it can be stated that the right and left morphometric values of forelimb and hindlimb of the laboratory animals are very close and they don't reveal homotypic variations statistically, however it is also concluded that sex variation is an important factor. The results obtained from researches on the guinea pigs as labarotory animals can used as a model for other studies on sex variations of the the different species and it can be stated that, such symmetric bones can be used to form a control environment.

References

  • An, Y . H . , Kang, Q., Friedman, R . J . , 1996. Mechanical symmetry of rabbit bones studies by bending and indentation testing. American Journal of Veterinary Research 57 (12), 1786¬ 17
  • Andrews, J . E . , Gray, L . E . , 1990. The effects of lindane and linuron on calsium metabolism, bone morphometry and the kidney in rats. Toxicology 60, 99-107. 31
  • Bagi, C.M., Ammann, P., Rizzoli, R., Miller, S.C., 1997a. Effect of Estrogen deficiency on cancellous and cortical bone structure and strength of the femoral neck in rats. Calcified Tissue International 61, 336-344.
  • Bagi, C.M., DeLeon, E . , Ammann, P., Rizzoli, R., Miller, S.C., 1996. Histo-anatomy of the proximal femur in rats: Impact of overiectomy on bone mass, structure, and stiffness. The Anatomical Record 245, 633-644.
  • Bagi, C.M., Miller, S.C., Bowman, B.M., Blomstrom, G . L . , France, E.P., 1992. Differences in cortical bone in overloaded and underloaded femurs from ovariectomized rats: Comparison of bone morphometry with torsional testing. Bone 13, 35-40.
  • Bagi, C.M., Wilkie, D., Georgelos, K., Williams, D., Bertolini, D., 1997b. Morphological and structural characteristics of the proximal femur in human and rat. Bone 21, 261-267.
  • Bou, J . , Casinos, A., Ocana, J . , 1987. Allometry of the limb long bones of insectivores and rodents. Journal of Morpholology 192 (2) (abst), 113¬ 1
  • Çalışlar, T., 1996. Evcil hayvanların Anatomisi (Genel). İ.Ü. Basımevi ve Film Merkezi, İstanbul.
  • Çalışlar, T., 1987. Laboratuar Hayvanları Anatomisi. İ.Ü. Yayınları, Gençlik Basımevi, İstanbul.
  • Casinos, A., Bou, J . , Castiella, M.J., Viladiu, C., 19 On the allometry of long bones in dogs (Canis familiaris). Journal of Morphology 190, 73Doyle, W.J., Kelley, C., Siegel, M.I., 1997. The effects of audiogenic stres on the growth of long bones in the laboratory rat (Rattus Norvegicus). Growth 41, 183-189.
  • Driesch, A.V.D., 1976. A Guide to the measurement of Anaimal Bones from Archaeological Sites. Peabody Museum Bulletin 1. Harvard University, Massachusetts.
  • Dursun, N., 1996. Veteriner Anatomi I . Medisan Yayınevi. Ankara.
  • Eger, W., Gerner, H.J., Kammerer, H., 1967. Bau und Dichte der menschlichen spongiosa in Rippe, Wirbel und Becken als Ausdruck der statischen Funktion. Archiv fur Orthopadische und Urfall-Chirurgie 62, 97.
  • Evrim, M., Güneş, H., 1998. Biyometri. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Yayınları No: Istanbul.
  • Getty, R., 1975. Sisson and Grossman's the Anatomy of the Domestic Animals. 5 t h Ed. Wb Saunders
  • Company. Philadelphia, London, Toronto, 23¬ Hanson, P.D., Markel, M.D., 1994. Radiographic geometric variation of equine long bones.
  • American Journal of Veterinary Research 55 (9), 1220-1227.
  • Harkness, J . E . , Wagner, J . E . , 1995. The Biology and Medicine Rabbits and Rodents. Chapter I I : Phisiolojic volues: Guinea pigs. 4 t h Ed.
  • Williams and Wilkins. Hartung, K., Van Hasselt, S.C., 1988.
  • Morphometrische Untersuchungen am femurknochen des Hundes. Berlin München Tierärztliche Wochenschrift 101, 15-19. Heinrich, R . E . , Biknevicius, A.R., 1998. Skeletal allometry and interlimb scaling patterns in mustelid carnivorans. Journal of Veterinary
  • Medical Science 60 (3), 323-326. Hidaka, S., Matsumoto, M., Ohsako, S., Toyoshima, Y., Nishinakagawa, H., 1998. A histometrical study on the long bones of raccoon dogs, Nyctereutes procyonoides and badgers, Meles meles. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 60 (3), 323-326.
  • Hietala, E . L . , Larmas, M., 1997. Effect of ovariectomy upon weaning on the morphometric parameters of femorae and tibiae of growing rats. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 159, 175-178.
  • Hiramoto, Y . , 1998. Errors in femoral oblique and total tibial length measurements. Anthropological Science 106 (suppl), 139-145.
  • Holman, D.J., Bennett, K.A., 1991. Determination of sex from arm bone measurements. American
  • Journal of Physical Anthropology 84, 421-426. Holmes, D.D., 1984. Clinical Laboratory Animal
  • Medicine. An Introduction. The Iowa State University Press. 1 s t Ed. Ames, Iowa. pp: 95-99. Hörner, K., Loeffler, K., Holtzmann, M., 1997.
  • Vergleich der histologischen Struktur der Kompakta der langen Röhrenknochen bei Maus, Hamster, Ratte, Meerschweinchen, Kaninchen, Katze und während der Altersentwicklung. Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia 2, 289-295. Indrekvam, K., Husby, O.S., Gjerdet, N.R., Engester, L . B . , Langeland, N., 1991. Agedependent mechanical properties of rat femur.
  • Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 62 (3), 248¬ 2 Işcan, M.Y., Loth, S.R., King, C.A., Shihai, D., Yoshino, M., 1998. Sexual dimorphism in the 32 humerus: A comparative analysis of chinese, japanese and thais. Forensic Science International 98, 17-29.
  • Işcan, M.Y., Shaivitz, P.M., 1984. Determination of sex from the tibia. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 64, 53-57.
  • Işcan, M.Y., Shihai, D., 1995. Sexuel dimorphism in the chinese femur. Forensic Science International 74, 79-87.
  • Işcan, M.Y., Yoshino, M., Kato, S., 1994. Sex determination from the tibia: Standarts for contemporary Japan. Journal of Forensic Science 39 (3), 785-792.
  • Jantz, R . L . , Hunt, D.R., Meadows, L . , 1994. Maximum length of the tibia: How did trotter measure it? American Journal of Physical Anthropology 93, 525-528.
  • Kara, M.E., 2002. Ratlarda gelişme döneminde sigara inhalasyonunun iskelet sistemi üzerine etkisinin morfometrik yöntemlerle belirlenmesi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Anatomi Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, İstanbul.
  • Markel, M.D., Sielman, E . , 1993. Radiographic study of homotypic variation of long bones in dogs. American Journal of Veterinary Research 54 (12), 2000-2003.
  • Monteagudo, M.D., Hernandez, E . R . , Seco, C., Gonzales-Riola, J . , Revilla, M., Villa, L . F . , Rico, H., 1997. Comparison of the bone robusticity index and bone weight/bone length index with the results of bone densitometry and bone histomorphometry in experimental studies. Acta Anatomica 160, 195-199.
  • Onar, V., Kahvecioğlu, K.O., 1999. Alman Kurt köpeklerinde humerus'un morfometrik incelenmesi. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 23, 189-191.
  • Petrikowski, C.G., Overton, T.R., 1996. Quantitative radiographic changes in the mandible, femur and vertebra in lactating rats fed a low-calsium diet. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 25, 136¬ 1
  • Riesenfeld, A., 1972. Metatarsal robusticity in bipedal rats. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 36 (2), 229-233.
  • Riesenfeld, A., 1975. Endocrine control of skeletal robusticity. Acta Anatomica 91, 481-499.
  • Riesenfeld, A., 1977. Sexual dimorphism of bone robusticity in different strains of rats. Acta Anatomica 98, 206-209.
  • Riesenfeld, A., 1978a. Sexual dimorphism of skeletal robusticity in several mammalian orders. Acta Anatomica 102, 392-398.
  • Riesenfeld, A., 1978b. Functional and hormonal control of pelvic width in the rat. Acta Anatomica 102, 427-432.
  • Rudicel, S., Lee, K . E . , Pelker, R.R., 1985.
  • Dimensions of the rabbit femur during growth. American Journal of Veterinary Research 46 (1), 268-269. Simon, M.R., Holmes, K.R., Olsen, A.M., 1984a. The effects of simulated increases in body weight for 30 and 60 days on bone robusticity of limb bones in rats. The Anatomical Record 210, 327¬ 3
  • Simon, M.R., Holmes, K.R., Olsen, A.M., 1984b. The effects of simulated increases in body weight for 60 days on robusticity and mineral content of limb bones of hypophysectomized rats. The Anatomical Record 210, 333-341.
  • Simon, M.R., Holmes, K.R., Olsen, A.M., 1984c. The effects of simulated increases in body weight from birth on robusticity of limb bones of rats.
  • The Anatomical Record 210, 343-346. Snedecor, G.W., Cochran, W.G., 1980. Statistical Methods. 7 t h
  • Ed. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa. Taşbaş, M., 2001. Veteriner Anatomi. Kemik-EklemKas. Yorum Matbaacılık, Ankara.
  • White, A.A., Panjabi, M M , Hardy, R . J . , 1974.
  • Analysis of mechanical symmetry in rabbit long bones. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 45, 328-3 World Association Veterinary Anatomists, 1994.
  • Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria. International Committee on Veterinary Gross Anatomical Nomenclature of the World Association, 4 t h Ed. Zürih and Ithaca, New York.

Kobaylarda Ön ve Arka Bacak Uzun Kemiklerinin Homotipik Varyasyonları Üzerinde Araştırmalar

Year 2013, Volume: 39 Issue: 1, 20 - 32, 16.11.2012

Abstract

ÖZET

Çalışmada, erişkin kobaylarda ön ve arka bacak uzun kemiklerinin, cinsiyet farklılığı göz önüne alınarak, sağ ve sol kemikler arası homotipik varyasyonu ortaya koymak amacı ile morfometrik değerlerin elde edilmesi, bu değerlerin canlı ağırlık ile olan ilişkisinin incelenmesine kaynak oluşturacak verilerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla, 15 dişi- 15 erkek erişkin kobay canlı ağırlıkları, ön ve arka bacaklarına ait uzun kemiklerindeki (humerus, antebrachium, femur, tibia, fibula) osteometrik ölçümler alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak, kobaylarda ön ve arka bacak uzun kemiklerinin sağ ve sol morfometrik değerlerinin birbirine çok yakın ve istatistiki açıdan homotipik varyasyon göstermediği, ancak cinsiyetin önemli bir faktör olduğu ifade edilebilir. Bununla birlikte, cinsiyet faktörünün kobaylar için önemli olmasının osteoarkeolojik çalışmalar açısından yararlılıklar sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir. Laboratuar hayvanı olarak kobaylardan alınan araştırma sonuçlarının diğer türlerde yapılacak olan cinsiyete dayalı çalışmalarda model olarak alınabileceği ve söz konusu kemiklerin simetrik olması nedeni ile kontrol şartları oluşturmak üzere kullanılabileceği söylenebilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Kobay, uzun kemik, homotipik varyasyon

 

 

ABSTRACT

 

STUDIES ON HOMOTYPIC VARIATIONS OF FORELIMB AND
HINDLIMB LONG BONES OF GUINEA PIGS

 

The aim of this study was to obtain morphometric data to find out the homotypic variations of right and left long bones of forelimb and hindlimb in mature laboratory animals considering the sex variations, and a data source which will enable to study the correlation between these data and live weight values. For this live weights osteometric values of long bones (humerus, antebrachium, femur, tibia, fibula) of forelimb and hindlimb of 15 male and 15 female laboratory animals are measured. As a result, it can be stated that the right and left morphometric values of forelimb and hindlimb of the laboratory animals are very close and they don't reveal homotypic variations statistically, however it is also concluded that sex variation is an important factor. The results obtained from researches on the guinea pigs as labarotory animals can used as a model for other studies on sex variations of the the different species and it can be stated that, such symmetric bones can be used to form a control environment.

Key Words: Laboratory animal, long bone, homotypic variation

References

  • An, Y . H . , Kang, Q., Friedman, R . J . , 1996. Mechanical symmetry of rabbit bones studies by bending and indentation testing. American Journal of Veterinary Research 57 (12), 1786¬ 17
  • Andrews, J . E . , Gray, L . E . , 1990. The effects of lindane and linuron on calsium metabolism, bone morphometry and the kidney in rats. Toxicology 60, 99-107. 31
  • Bagi, C.M., Ammann, P., Rizzoli, R., Miller, S.C., 1997a. Effect of Estrogen deficiency on cancellous and cortical bone structure and strength of the femoral neck in rats. Calcified Tissue International 61, 336-344.
  • Bagi, C.M., DeLeon, E . , Ammann, P., Rizzoli, R., Miller, S.C., 1996. Histo-anatomy of the proximal femur in rats: Impact of overiectomy on bone mass, structure, and stiffness. The Anatomical Record 245, 633-644.
  • Bagi, C.M., Miller, S.C., Bowman, B.M., Blomstrom, G . L . , France, E.P., 1992. Differences in cortical bone in overloaded and underloaded femurs from ovariectomized rats: Comparison of bone morphometry with torsional testing. Bone 13, 35-40.
  • Bagi, C.M., Wilkie, D., Georgelos, K., Williams, D., Bertolini, D., 1997b. Morphological and structural characteristics of the proximal femur in human and rat. Bone 21, 261-267.
  • Bou, J . , Casinos, A., Ocana, J . , 1987. Allometry of the limb long bones of insectivores and rodents. Journal of Morpholology 192 (2) (abst), 113¬ 1
  • Çalışlar, T., 1996. Evcil hayvanların Anatomisi (Genel). İ.Ü. Basımevi ve Film Merkezi, İstanbul.
  • Çalışlar, T., 1987. Laboratuar Hayvanları Anatomisi. İ.Ü. Yayınları, Gençlik Basımevi, İstanbul.
  • Casinos, A., Bou, J . , Castiella, M.J., Viladiu, C., 19 On the allometry of long bones in dogs (Canis familiaris). Journal of Morphology 190, 73Doyle, W.J., Kelley, C., Siegel, M.I., 1997. The effects of audiogenic stres on the growth of long bones in the laboratory rat (Rattus Norvegicus). Growth 41, 183-189.
  • Driesch, A.V.D., 1976. A Guide to the measurement of Anaimal Bones from Archaeological Sites. Peabody Museum Bulletin 1. Harvard University, Massachusetts.
  • Dursun, N., 1996. Veteriner Anatomi I . Medisan Yayınevi. Ankara.
  • Eger, W., Gerner, H.J., Kammerer, H., 1967. Bau und Dichte der menschlichen spongiosa in Rippe, Wirbel und Becken als Ausdruck der statischen Funktion. Archiv fur Orthopadische und Urfall-Chirurgie 62, 97.
  • Evrim, M., Güneş, H., 1998. Biyometri. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Yayınları No: Istanbul.
  • Getty, R., 1975. Sisson and Grossman's the Anatomy of the Domestic Animals. 5 t h Ed. Wb Saunders
  • Company. Philadelphia, London, Toronto, 23¬ Hanson, P.D., Markel, M.D., 1994. Radiographic geometric variation of equine long bones.
  • American Journal of Veterinary Research 55 (9), 1220-1227.
  • Harkness, J . E . , Wagner, J . E . , 1995. The Biology and Medicine Rabbits and Rodents. Chapter I I : Phisiolojic volues: Guinea pigs. 4 t h Ed.
  • Williams and Wilkins. Hartung, K., Van Hasselt, S.C., 1988.
  • Morphometrische Untersuchungen am femurknochen des Hundes. Berlin München Tierärztliche Wochenschrift 101, 15-19. Heinrich, R . E . , Biknevicius, A.R., 1998. Skeletal allometry and interlimb scaling patterns in mustelid carnivorans. Journal of Veterinary
  • Medical Science 60 (3), 323-326. Hidaka, S., Matsumoto, M., Ohsako, S., Toyoshima, Y., Nishinakagawa, H., 1998. A histometrical study on the long bones of raccoon dogs, Nyctereutes procyonoides and badgers, Meles meles. Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 60 (3), 323-326.
  • Hietala, E . L . , Larmas, M., 1997. Effect of ovariectomy upon weaning on the morphometric parameters of femorae and tibiae of growing rats. Acta Physiologica Scandinavica 159, 175-178.
  • Hiramoto, Y . , 1998. Errors in femoral oblique and total tibial length measurements. Anthropological Science 106 (suppl), 139-145.
  • Holman, D.J., Bennett, K.A., 1991. Determination of sex from arm bone measurements. American
  • Journal of Physical Anthropology 84, 421-426. Holmes, D.D., 1984. Clinical Laboratory Animal
  • Medicine. An Introduction. The Iowa State University Press. 1 s t Ed. Ames, Iowa. pp: 95-99. Hörner, K., Loeffler, K., Holtzmann, M., 1997.
  • Vergleich der histologischen Struktur der Kompakta der langen Röhrenknochen bei Maus, Hamster, Ratte, Meerschweinchen, Kaninchen, Katze und während der Altersentwicklung. Anatomia, Histologia, Embryologia 2, 289-295. Indrekvam, K., Husby, O.S., Gjerdet, N.R., Engester, L . B . , Langeland, N., 1991. Agedependent mechanical properties of rat femur.
  • Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 62 (3), 248¬ 2 Işcan, M.Y., Loth, S.R., King, C.A., Shihai, D., Yoshino, M., 1998. Sexual dimorphism in the 32 humerus: A comparative analysis of chinese, japanese and thais. Forensic Science International 98, 17-29.
  • Işcan, M.Y., Shaivitz, P.M., 1984. Determination of sex from the tibia. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 64, 53-57.
  • Işcan, M.Y., Shihai, D., 1995. Sexuel dimorphism in the chinese femur. Forensic Science International 74, 79-87.
  • Işcan, M.Y., Yoshino, M., Kato, S., 1994. Sex determination from the tibia: Standarts for contemporary Japan. Journal of Forensic Science 39 (3), 785-792.
  • Jantz, R . L . , Hunt, D.R., Meadows, L . , 1994. Maximum length of the tibia: How did trotter measure it? American Journal of Physical Anthropology 93, 525-528.
  • Kara, M.E., 2002. Ratlarda gelişme döneminde sigara inhalasyonunun iskelet sistemi üzerine etkisinin morfometrik yöntemlerle belirlenmesi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Anatomi Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, İstanbul.
  • Markel, M.D., Sielman, E . , 1993. Radiographic study of homotypic variation of long bones in dogs. American Journal of Veterinary Research 54 (12), 2000-2003.
  • Monteagudo, M.D., Hernandez, E . R . , Seco, C., Gonzales-Riola, J . , Revilla, M., Villa, L . F . , Rico, H., 1997. Comparison of the bone robusticity index and bone weight/bone length index with the results of bone densitometry and bone histomorphometry in experimental studies. Acta Anatomica 160, 195-199.
  • Onar, V., Kahvecioğlu, K.O., 1999. Alman Kurt köpeklerinde humerus'un morfometrik incelenmesi. Turkish Journal of Veterinary and Animal Sciences 23, 189-191.
  • Petrikowski, C.G., Overton, T.R., 1996. Quantitative radiographic changes in the mandible, femur and vertebra in lactating rats fed a low-calsium diet. Dentomaxillofacial Radiology 25, 136¬ 1
  • Riesenfeld, A., 1972. Metatarsal robusticity in bipedal rats. American Journal of Physical Anthropology 36 (2), 229-233.
  • Riesenfeld, A., 1975. Endocrine control of skeletal robusticity. Acta Anatomica 91, 481-499.
  • Riesenfeld, A., 1977. Sexual dimorphism of bone robusticity in different strains of rats. Acta Anatomica 98, 206-209.
  • Riesenfeld, A., 1978a. Sexual dimorphism of skeletal robusticity in several mammalian orders. Acta Anatomica 102, 392-398.
  • Riesenfeld, A., 1978b. Functional and hormonal control of pelvic width in the rat. Acta Anatomica 102, 427-432.
  • Rudicel, S., Lee, K . E . , Pelker, R.R., 1985.
  • Dimensions of the rabbit femur during growth. American Journal of Veterinary Research 46 (1), 268-269. Simon, M.R., Holmes, K.R., Olsen, A.M., 1984a. The effects of simulated increases in body weight for 30 and 60 days on bone robusticity of limb bones in rats. The Anatomical Record 210, 327¬ 3
  • Simon, M.R., Holmes, K.R., Olsen, A.M., 1984b. The effects of simulated increases in body weight for 60 days on robusticity and mineral content of limb bones of hypophysectomized rats. The Anatomical Record 210, 333-341.
  • Simon, M.R., Holmes, K.R., Olsen, A.M., 1984c. The effects of simulated increases in body weight from birth on robusticity of limb bones of rats.
  • The Anatomical Record 210, 343-346. Snedecor, G.W., Cochran, W.G., 1980. Statistical Methods. 7 t h
  • Ed. Iowa State University Press, Ames, Iowa. Taşbaş, M., 2001. Veteriner Anatomi. Kemik-EklemKas. Yorum Matbaacılık, Ankara.
  • White, A.A., Panjabi, M M , Hardy, R . J . , 1974.
  • Analysis of mechanical symmetry in rabbit long bones. Acta Orthopaedica Scandinavica 45, 328-3 World Association Veterinary Anatomists, 1994.
  • Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria. International Committee on Veterinary Gross Anatomical Nomenclature of the World Association, 4 t h Ed. Zürih and Ithaca, New York.
There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Gülsün Pazvant

K. Kahvecioğlu This is me

Publication Date November 16, 2012
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 39 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Pazvant, G., & Kahvecioğlu, K. (2012). Kobaylarda Ön ve Arka Bacak Uzun Kemiklerinin Homotipik Varyasyonları Üzerinde Araştırmalar. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 39(1), 20-32. https://doi.org/10.16988/iuvfd.76069
AMA Pazvant G, Kahvecioğlu K. Kobaylarda Ön ve Arka Bacak Uzun Kemiklerinin Homotipik Varyasyonları Üzerinde Araştırmalar. iuvfd. November 2012;39(1):20-32. doi:10.16988/iuvfd.76069
Chicago Pazvant, Gülsün, and K. Kahvecioğlu. “Kobaylarda Ön Ve Arka Bacak Uzun Kemiklerinin Homotipik Varyasyonları Üzerinde Araştırmalar”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 39, no. 1 (November 2012): 20-32. https://doi.org/10.16988/iuvfd.76069.
EndNote Pazvant G, Kahvecioğlu K (November 1, 2012) Kobaylarda Ön ve Arka Bacak Uzun Kemiklerinin Homotipik Varyasyonları Üzerinde Araştırmalar. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 39 1 20–32.
IEEE G. Pazvant and K. Kahvecioğlu, “Kobaylarda Ön ve Arka Bacak Uzun Kemiklerinin Homotipik Varyasyonları Üzerinde Araştırmalar”, iuvfd, vol. 39, no. 1, pp. 20–32, 2012, doi: 10.16988/iuvfd.76069.
ISNAD Pazvant, Gülsün - Kahvecioğlu, K. “Kobaylarda Ön Ve Arka Bacak Uzun Kemiklerinin Homotipik Varyasyonları Üzerinde Araştırmalar”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 39/1 (November 2012), 20-32. https://doi.org/10.16988/iuvfd.76069.
JAMA Pazvant G, Kahvecioğlu K. Kobaylarda Ön ve Arka Bacak Uzun Kemiklerinin Homotipik Varyasyonları Üzerinde Araştırmalar. iuvfd. 2012;39:20–32.
MLA Pazvant, Gülsün and K. Kahvecioğlu. “Kobaylarda Ön Ve Arka Bacak Uzun Kemiklerinin Homotipik Varyasyonları Üzerinde Araştırmalar”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 39, no. 1, 2012, pp. 20-32, doi:10.16988/iuvfd.76069.
Vancouver Pazvant G, Kahvecioğlu K. Kobaylarda Ön ve Arka Bacak Uzun Kemiklerinin Homotipik Varyasyonları Üzerinde Araştırmalar. iuvfd. 2012;39(1):20-32.