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TAVŞANLARDA ÖN VE ARKA BACAK UZUN KEMİKLERİNİN HOMOTİPİK VARYASYONLARI ÜZERİNDE ARAŞTIRMALAR

Year 2009, Volume: 35 Issue: 2, 23 - 39, 20.11.2012

Abstract

ÖZET

Çeşitli tür ve ırklardan hayvanların iskelet sistemine ait kemiklerinin yapısal, mekaniksel ve histolojik özellikleri ile ilgili bir takım araştırmalar yapılmıştır. Ancak bu çalışmaların iskelet sisteminin önemli bir bölümünü oluşturan ön ve arka bacak uzun kemiklerine ait osteometrik verilere yönelik incelemeleri yeterli oranda kapsamadığı görülmüştür. Bu çalışmada; erişkin tavşanlarda incelenen gelişmiş uzun kemiklerin, cinsiyet farklılığın göz önüne alınarak homotipik varyasyonunu ortaya koymak amacı ile morfometrik değerlerin elde edilmesi, bu değerlerin canlı ağırlık ile olan ilişkisinin incelenmesine kaynak oluşturacak verilerin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla; 15 dişi- 15 erkek erişkin tavşan canlı ağırıkları ve ön ve arka bacaklara ait uzun kemiklerindeki (humerus, antebrachium, femur, tibia, fibula) osteometrik olçümler alınmıştır. Sonuç olarak; tavşanlarda ön ve arka bacak uzun kemikleri bakımından sağ ve sol değerlerin birbirine çok yakın ve istatistiki açıdan homotipik varyasyon göstermediği, aynı zamanda cinsiyetin önemli bir faktör olmadığı ifade edilebilir. Bununla birlikte, söz konusu kemikler simetrik olması bakımından kontrol şartları oluşturmak üzere kullanılabilir.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Tavşan, uzun kemik, homotipik varyasyon

 

STUDIES ON HOMOTYPIC VARIATION OF FORELIMB AND HINDLIMB LONG BONES OF RABBITS

ABSTRACT

Until recently, a number studies have been conducted on the structural, mechanical and histological properties on the bones of the skeletal system of various animal species and breeds. However, it was found out that the studies on obtaining osteometric data on the long bones of the forelimb and hindlimb, which comprise an important part of the skeletal system were limited and insufficient. The aim of this study was to obtain morphometric data in order to find out the homotypic variation of long bones on mature rabbits considering the sex variations, and a data source which will enable to study the correlation between these data and live weight values. For this reason, osteometric values of live weights, long bones of forelimb and hindlimb (humerus, antebrachium, femur, tibia, fibula) of 15 male and 15 female rabbits are measured. As a result, it can be stated that the values of the long bones of forelimb and hindlimb of the rabbits are very close and they don't reveal homotypic variations statistically. It is also concluded that sex variation is not an important issue. In addition, such symmetric bones can be used to from a control environment.

Key Words: Rabbit, long bone, homotypic variation

References

  • Abdalla, K . E . H . , Abd El-Nasser, M., İbrahim, I.A., Seddek, A.S.H.: Comparative anatomical and biochemical studies on the main bones of the limbs İn rabbit and cat as a medicolegal parameters. Assiut Vet. .Med. J., 1992; 26 (52): 142-153.
  • An, Y . H . , Kang, Q., Friedman, R . J . : Mechanical symmetry of rabbit bones studies by bending and indentation testing. Am. J. Vet. Res., 1996; 57 (12): 1786-1789.
  • Andrews, J . E . , Gray, L . E . : The effects of lindane and linuron on calsium metabolism, bone morphometry and the kidney in rats. Toxicology, 1990; 60 (1 -2): 99-107.
  • Bagi, C.M., Ammann, P., Rizzoli, R., Miller, S.O: Effect of estrogen deficiency on cancellous and cortical bone structure and strength of the femoral neck in rats. Calcif. Tissue Int., 1997; 61 (4): 336-344.
  • Bagi, C M . , DeLcon, E., Ammann, P., Rizzoli, R., Miller, S.C.: Histo-anatomy of the proximal femur in rats: Impact of overiectomy on bone mass, structure, and stiffness. Anat. Rec, 1996; 245 (4): 633-644.
  • Bagi, C M . , Miller, S.C., Bowman, B . M . , Blomstrom, G.L., France, E.P.: Differences in cortical bone in overloaded and underloaded femurs from ovariectomized rats: Comparison of bone morphometry with torsional testing. Bone, 1992; 13 (1): 35-40.
  • Bagi, C M . , Wilkie, D., Georgelos, K., Williams, D., Bertolim, D.: Morphological and structural characteristics of the proximal femur in human and rat. Bone, 1997; 21 (3): 261ı
  • Ciochon R.L: Evolotion of the cercopithecoid forelimb. Phylogenetic and functional implications from morphometric analyses. University of California Press, Berkeley, 1993.
  • Driesch A . V . D : A Guide to the measurement of Anaimal Bones from Archaeological Sites. Peabody Museum Bulletin 1. Harvard University, Massachusetts, 1976.
  • Dursun IN.: Veteriner Anatomi I . Medİsan Yayınevi. Ankara, 1996. 1. Gong, J.K., Ries, W.: Volumetric composition of the rabbit skeleton. Anat. Rec, 1970; 167 (1): 79-86.
  • Hanson, P.O., Markel, M.D.: Radiographic geometric variation of equine long bones. Am. J. Vet. Res.. 1994; 55 (9): 1220-1227.
  • Hartung, K., Van Hasselt, S.C.: Morphometrischc untcrsuchungen am femurknochen des hundes. Beri. Münch. Tierârztl. Wschr., 1988; 101 (1): 15-19.
  • Hidaka, S., Matsumoto, M . , Ohsako, S., Toyoshima, Y . , Nishinakagawa, H . : A histometrical study on the long bones of raccoon dogs, Nyctereutes procyonoides and badgers, Meles meles. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 1998; 60 (3): 323-326.
  • Hietala, E.L., Larmas, M . : Effect of ovariectomy upon weaning on the morphometric parameters of femorae and tibiae of growing rats. Acta. Physiol. Scand., 1997; 159 (2): 175ı
  • Holmes D.D.: Clinical Laboratory Animal Medicine. An Introduction. The Iowa State University Press. 1s t Ed. Ames. Iowa, 1984; Pp: 95-99.
  • Indrekvam, K . , Husby, O.S., Gjerdet, N.R., Engester, L.B., Langeland, N . : Age- dependent mechanical properties of rat femur. Acta. Orthop. Scand., 199Î; 62 (3): 248-252. IS. Kara M . E : Ratlarda gelişme döneminde sigara inhalasyonunun iskelet sistemi üzerine etkisinin morfometrik yöntemlerle belirlenmesi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Anatomi Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, İstanbul, 2002.
  • Latimer, H.B., Sawin, P.B.: Morphogenetic studies of the rabbit. X X X I X . Ponderal correlation coefficients of the bones from two races o f rabbits. Anat. Rec, 1967; 159 (1): 29ı
  • Gülsün PAZVANT-ri. Oya KAHECÎOĞLU Market, M.D-, Sielman, E . : Radiographic study of homotypic variation of long bones in dogs. Am. J. Vet. Res., 1993; 54(12): 2000-2003.
  • Markel, M.D., Sielman, E . , Rapoff, A., Kohles, S.S.: Mechanical proporties of long bones in dogs. Am. J. Vet. Res., 1994; 55 (8): 1178-1183.
  • Monteagudo, M.D., Hernandez, E.R., Seco, C . , Gonzales-Riola, J . , Revilla, M., Villa, L . F . , Rico, H.: Comparison of the bone robusticity index and bone weight/bone length index with the results of bone densitometry and bone histomorphometry in experimental studies. Acta. Anat., 1997; 160(3): 195-199.
  • Onar, V.: A morphometric study on the skull of the German shepherd dog (Alsatian). Anat. Histol. Embryol., 1999; 28 (4): 253-256.
  • Onar, V., Kahvecioğlu, K . O . : Alman Kurt köpeklerinde humerus'un morfometrik incelenmesi. Tr. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 1999; 23 (1): 189-191.
  • Onar, V., Mutuş, R., Kahvecioğlu, K.O.: Morphometric analysis of the foramen magnum in German shepherd dogs (Alsatians). Ann. Anat., 1997; 179 (6): 563-568.
  • Riesenfeld, A.: Sexual dimorphism of skeletal robusticity in several mammalian orders. Acta Anat, 1978; 102 (4): 392-398.
  • Riesenfeld, A.: Functional and hormonal control of pelvic width in the rat. Acta Anat., 1978; (4): 427-432.
  • Riesenfeld, A.: Sexual dimorphism of bone robusticity in different strains of rats. Acta Anat., ; 98 (2): 206-209. Riesenfeld, A.: Endocrine control of skeletal robusticity. Acta Anat., 1975; 91 (4): 481-499.
  • Riesenfeld, A.: Metatarsal robusticity in bipedal rats. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 1972; 36 (2): 233.
  • Riesenfeld, A.: Functional and hormonal control of pelvic morphology in the rat. Acta Anat., ; 82 (2): 231-253. Rudicel, S., Lee, K . E . , Pelker, R.R.: Dimensions of the rabbit femur during growth. Am. J. Vet. Res., 1985; 46 (1): 268-269.
  • Ruff, C.B., Jones, H.H.: Bilateral asymmetry in cortical bone of the humerus and tibia-sex and age factors. Human Biol., 1981; 53 (1): 69-86.
  • Searfoss, G.: Skulls and Bones. A Guide to the Skeletal Structures and Behavior of North American Mammals. 1s t Ed., Stackpole Books, Mechanicsburg, U.S.A., 1995; Pp.98-107.
  • Simon, M.R., Holmes, K . R . , Olsen, A.M.: The effects of simulated increases in body weight for 60 days on robusticity and mineral content of limb bones of hypophysectomized rats. Anat Rec, 1984; 210 (2): 333-341.
  • Sontag, W.: Age-dependent morphometric alterations in the distal femora of male and female rats. Bone, 1992; 13 (4): 297-310.
  • Sumner, D.R., Turner, T.M., Galante, J.O.: Symmetry of the canine femur: Implications for experimental sample size requirements. J. Orthop. Res., 19S8; 6 (5): 758-765. Homotipik Varyasyonları Üzerinde Araştırmalar White, A.A., Panjabi, M M . , Hardy, R.J.: Analysis of mechanical symmetry in rabbit long bones. Acta Orthop. Scand.. 1974; 45 (3): 328-336.
  • World Association Veterinary Anatomists: Nomina Anatómica Veterinaria. International Committee on Veterinary Gross Anatomical Nomenclature of the World Association, 4l hE d . Zürih and Ithaca, New York, 1994.
  • Yoshioka, Y . , Siu, D., Derek, T., Cooke, V., Chir, B.: The anatomy and functional axes of the femur. J. Bone Joint Surg.. 1987; 69-A (6): 873-880.
  • Zhang. B., Coon, C.N.: The relationship of various tibia bone measurement in hens. Poultry Sci., 1997; 76 (12): 1698-1701.
Year 2009, Volume: 35 Issue: 2, 23 - 39, 20.11.2012

Abstract

References

  • Abdalla, K . E . H . , Abd El-Nasser, M., İbrahim, I.A., Seddek, A.S.H.: Comparative anatomical and biochemical studies on the main bones of the limbs İn rabbit and cat as a medicolegal parameters. Assiut Vet. .Med. J., 1992; 26 (52): 142-153.
  • An, Y . H . , Kang, Q., Friedman, R . J . : Mechanical symmetry of rabbit bones studies by bending and indentation testing. Am. J. Vet. Res., 1996; 57 (12): 1786-1789.
  • Andrews, J . E . , Gray, L . E . : The effects of lindane and linuron on calsium metabolism, bone morphometry and the kidney in rats. Toxicology, 1990; 60 (1 -2): 99-107.
  • Bagi, C.M., Ammann, P., Rizzoli, R., Miller, S.O: Effect of estrogen deficiency on cancellous and cortical bone structure and strength of the femoral neck in rats. Calcif. Tissue Int., 1997; 61 (4): 336-344.
  • Bagi, C M . , DeLcon, E., Ammann, P., Rizzoli, R., Miller, S.C.: Histo-anatomy of the proximal femur in rats: Impact of overiectomy on bone mass, structure, and stiffness. Anat. Rec, 1996; 245 (4): 633-644.
  • Bagi, C M . , Miller, S.C., Bowman, B . M . , Blomstrom, G.L., France, E.P.: Differences in cortical bone in overloaded and underloaded femurs from ovariectomized rats: Comparison of bone morphometry with torsional testing. Bone, 1992; 13 (1): 35-40.
  • Bagi, C M . , Wilkie, D., Georgelos, K., Williams, D., Bertolim, D.: Morphological and structural characteristics of the proximal femur in human and rat. Bone, 1997; 21 (3): 261ı
  • Ciochon R.L: Evolotion of the cercopithecoid forelimb. Phylogenetic and functional implications from morphometric analyses. University of California Press, Berkeley, 1993.
  • Driesch A . V . D : A Guide to the measurement of Anaimal Bones from Archaeological Sites. Peabody Museum Bulletin 1. Harvard University, Massachusetts, 1976.
  • Dursun IN.: Veteriner Anatomi I . Medİsan Yayınevi. Ankara, 1996. 1. Gong, J.K., Ries, W.: Volumetric composition of the rabbit skeleton. Anat. Rec, 1970; 167 (1): 79-86.
  • Hanson, P.O., Markel, M.D.: Radiographic geometric variation of equine long bones. Am. J. Vet. Res.. 1994; 55 (9): 1220-1227.
  • Hartung, K., Van Hasselt, S.C.: Morphometrischc untcrsuchungen am femurknochen des hundes. Beri. Münch. Tierârztl. Wschr., 1988; 101 (1): 15-19.
  • Hidaka, S., Matsumoto, M . , Ohsako, S., Toyoshima, Y . , Nishinakagawa, H . : A histometrical study on the long bones of raccoon dogs, Nyctereutes procyonoides and badgers, Meles meles. J. Vet. Med. Sci., 1998; 60 (3): 323-326.
  • Hietala, E.L., Larmas, M . : Effect of ovariectomy upon weaning on the morphometric parameters of femorae and tibiae of growing rats. Acta. Physiol. Scand., 1997; 159 (2): 175ı
  • Holmes D.D.: Clinical Laboratory Animal Medicine. An Introduction. The Iowa State University Press. 1s t Ed. Ames. Iowa, 1984; Pp: 95-99.
  • Indrekvam, K . , Husby, O.S., Gjerdet, N.R., Engester, L.B., Langeland, N . : Age- dependent mechanical properties of rat femur. Acta. Orthop. Scand., 199Î; 62 (3): 248-252. IS. Kara M . E : Ratlarda gelişme döneminde sigara inhalasyonunun iskelet sistemi üzerine etkisinin morfometrik yöntemlerle belirlenmesi, İstanbul Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü Anatomi Anabilim Dalı, Doktora Tezi, İstanbul, 2002.
  • Latimer, H.B., Sawin, P.B.: Morphogenetic studies of the rabbit. X X X I X . Ponderal correlation coefficients of the bones from two races o f rabbits. Anat. Rec, 1967; 159 (1): 29ı
  • Gülsün PAZVANT-ri. Oya KAHECÎOĞLU Market, M.D-, Sielman, E . : Radiographic study of homotypic variation of long bones in dogs. Am. J. Vet. Res., 1993; 54(12): 2000-2003.
  • Markel, M.D., Sielman, E . , Rapoff, A., Kohles, S.S.: Mechanical proporties of long bones in dogs. Am. J. Vet. Res., 1994; 55 (8): 1178-1183.
  • Monteagudo, M.D., Hernandez, E.R., Seco, C . , Gonzales-Riola, J . , Revilla, M., Villa, L . F . , Rico, H.: Comparison of the bone robusticity index and bone weight/bone length index with the results of bone densitometry and bone histomorphometry in experimental studies. Acta. Anat., 1997; 160(3): 195-199.
  • Onar, V.: A morphometric study on the skull of the German shepherd dog (Alsatian). Anat. Histol. Embryol., 1999; 28 (4): 253-256.
  • Onar, V., Kahvecioğlu, K . O . : Alman Kurt köpeklerinde humerus'un morfometrik incelenmesi. Tr. J. Vet. Anim. Sci., 1999; 23 (1): 189-191.
  • Onar, V., Mutuş, R., Kahvecioğlu, K.O.: Morphometric analysis of the foramen magnum in German shepherd dogs (Alsatians). Ann. Anat., 1997; 179 (6): 563-568.
  • Riesenfeld, A.: Sexual dimorphism of skeletal robusticity in several mammalian orders. Acta Anat, 1978; 102 (4): 392-398.
  • Riesenfeld, A.: Functional and hormonal control of pelvic width in the rat. Acta Anat., 1978; (4): 427-432.
  • Riesenfeld, A.: Sexual dimorphism of bone robusticity in different strains of rats. Acta Anat., ; 98 (2): 206-209. Riesenfeld, A.: Endocrine control of skeletal robusticity. Acta Anat., 1975; 91 (4): 481-499.
  • Riesenfeld, A.: Metatarsal robusticity in bipedal rats. Am. J. Phys. Anthropol., 1972; 36 (2): 233.
  • Riesenfeld, A.: Functional and hormonal control of pelvic morphology in the rat. Acta Anat., ; 82 (2): 231-253. Rudicel, S., Lee, K . E . , Pelker, R.R.: Dimensions of the rabbit femur during growth. Am. J. Vet. Res., 1985; 46 (1): 268-269.
  • Ruff, C.B., Jones, H.H.: Bilateral asymmetry in cortical bone of the humerus and tibia-sex and age factors. Human Biol., 1981; 53 (1): 69-86.
  • Searfoss, G.: Skulls and Bones. A Guide to the Skeletal Structures and Behavior of North American Mammals. 1s t Ed., Stackpole Books, Mechanicsburg, U.S.A., 1995; Pp.98-107.
  • Simon, M.R., Holmes, K . R . , Olsen, A.M.: The effects of simulated increases in body weight for 60 days on robusticity and mineral content of limb bones of hypophysectomized rats. Anat Rec, 1984; 210 (2): 333-341.
  • Sontag, W.: Age-dependent morphometric alterations in the distal femora of male and female rats. Bone, 1992; 13 (4): 297-310.
  • Sumner, D.R., Turner, T.M., Galante, J.O.: Symmetry of the canine femur: Implications for experimental sample size requirements. J. Orthop. Res., 19S8; 6 (5): 758-765. Homotipik Varyasyonları Üzerinde Araştırmalar White, A.A., Panjabi, M M . , Hardy, R.J.: Analysis of mechanical symmetry in rabbit long bones. Acta Orthop. Scand.. 1974; 45 (3): 328-336.
  • World Association Veterinary Anatomists: Nomina Anatómica Veterinaria. International Committee on Veterinary Gross Anatomical Nomenclature of the World Association, 4l hE d . Zürih and Ithaca, New York, 1994.
  • Yoshioka, Y . , Siu, D., Derek, T., Cooke, V., Chir, B.: The anatomy and functional axes of the femur. J. Bone Joint Surg.. 1987; 69-A (6): 873-880.
  • Zhang. B., Coon, C.N.: The relationship of various tibia bone measurement in hens. Poultry Sci., 1997; 76 (12): 1698-1701.
There are 36 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Gülsün Pazvant

K. Kahvecioğlu This is me

Publication Date November 20, 2012
Published in Issue Year 2009 Volume: 35 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Pazvant, G., & Kahvecioğlu, K. (2012). TAVŞANLARDA ÖN VE ARKA BACAK UZUN KEMİKLERİNİN HOMOTİPİK VARYASYONLARI ÜZERİNDE ARAŞTIRMALAR. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 35(2), 23-39. https://doi.org/10.16988/iuvfd.45681
AMA Pazvant G, Kahvecioğlu K. TAVŞANLARDA ÖN VE ARKA BACAK UZUN KEMİKLERİNİN HOMOTİPİK VARYASYONLARI ÜZERİNDE ARAŞTIRMALAR. iuvfd. November 2012;35(2):23-39. doi:10.16988/iuvfd.45681
Chicago Pazvant, Gülsün, and K. Kahvecioğlu. “TAVŞANLARDA ÖN VE ARKA BACAK UZUN KEMİKLERİNİN HOMOTİPİK VARYASYONLARI ÜZERİNDE ARAŞTIRMALAR”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 35, no. 2 (November 2012): 23-39. https://doi.org/10.16988/iuvfd.45681.
EndNote Pazvant G, Kahvecioğlu K (November 1, 2012) TAVŞANLARDA ÖN VE ARKA BACAK UZUN KEMİKLERİNİN HOMOTİPİK VARYASYONLARI ÜZERİNDE ARAŞTIRMALAR. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 35 2 23–39.
IEEE G. Pazvant and K. Kahvecioğlu, “TAVŞANLARDA ÖN VE ARKA BACAK UZUN KEMİKLERİNİN HOMOTİPİK VARYASYONLARI ÜZERİNDE ARAŞTIRMALAR”, iuvfd, vol. 35, no. 2, pp. 23–39, 2012, doi: 10.16988/iuvfd.45681.
ISNAD Pazvant, Gülsün - Kahvecioğlu, K. “TAVŞANLARDA ÖN VE ARKA BACAK UZUN KEMİKLERİNİN HOMOTİPİK VARYASYONLARI ÜZERİNDE ARAŞTIRMALAR”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 35/2 (November 2012), 23-39. https://doi.org/10.16988/iuvfd.45681.
JAMA Pazvant G, Kahvecioğlu K. TAVŞANLARDA ÖN VE ARKA BACAK UZUN KEMİKLERİNİN HOMOTİPİK VARYASYONLARI ÜZERİNDE ARAŞTIRMALAR. iuvfd. 2012;35:23–39.
MLA Pazvant, Gülsün and K. Kahvecioğlu. “TAVŞANLARDA ÖN VE ARKA BACAK UZUN KEMİKLERİNİN HOMOTİPİK VARYASYONLARI ÜZERİNDE ARAŞTIRMALAR”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 35, no. 2, 2012, pp. 23-39, doi:10.16988/iuvfd.45681.
Vancouver Pazvant G, Kahvecioğlu K. TAVŞANLARDA ÖN VE ARKA BACAK UZUN KEMİKLERİNİN HOMOTİPİK VARYASYONLARI ÜZERİNDE ARAŞTIRMALAR. iuvfd. 2012;35(2):23-39.