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Year 2013, Volume: 39 Issue: 2, 183 - 188, 10.03.2013

Abstract

Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding glycoprotein that exists in variety of biological fluids such as milk, tear, saliva, bile, mucous secretions and blood. Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland. LF has a vital role in the defense mechanism of the mammary gland and the bovine LF gene is a potential candidate gene for imparting resistance to mastitis in dairy cows. The objective of the study is to determine the genotype and allele frequencies for bovine lactoferrin gene polymorphisms in South Anatolian Red (SAR) and East Anatolian Red (EAR) cattle. DNA samples of 46 SAR and 46 EAR cattle were selected from DNA collection obtained from previous research projects. Bovine LF gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the PCR products were digested by EcoRI restriction enzyme. The frequency of A allele was found higher than B allele in EAR cattle breed and the frequency of B allele was found higher than A allele in SAR cattle breed. We suggest that further studies should be conducted on the bovine LF gene in Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle to understand the reason of high genotype frequency in SAR and EAR cattle breeds.

References

  • Polish Black and White Holstein AA: 0.63 AB: 0.31 BB: 0.04 Sender et al., 2010 Polish Black and White AA: 0.37 AB: 0.59 BB: 0.02 Wodjak-Maksymiec et al., 2006 BB genotype frequencies in Polish cattle breeds were found to be very low, ranging between 0.005 and 0.1 (Table 2), whereas higher frequencies in SAR and EAR cattle were found, 0.30 and 0.13 respectively. Sender et al. (2010) suggested that the low frequency of BB genotype might occur due to prior selection which might be associated with milk yield, led to B allele elimination. In this study, higher BB genotype frequencies found in two different Anatolian cattle breeds, which might be interpreted with the non-prior selection of SAR and EAR cattle breeds related with the milk yield. Near Eastern cattle breeds display an asymmetrical genome composition with very few Zebu mtDNA haplotypes, sparse Zebu Ychromosomal markers and significant autosomal Zebu levels. It has been suggested that original gene pool were taurine and then subjected to introgression from Zebu population over time (Edwards et al., 2007). Genotype and allele frequencies of autosomal genes like PRL, GHRH-R, IGF-1 and DGAT-1 genes in SAR and EAR cattle breeds were found closer to Zebu cattle than European cattle breeds (Akis et al., 2010; Eken, 2010; Kaupe et al., 2004; Öztabak et al., 2008). Presence of Zebuassociated alleles in SAR and EAR might be explained by Zebu introgression to the Anatolian cattle breeds (Edwards et al., 2007; Loftus et al., 1999). The relatively higher frequency of BB genotype may also be a result of Zebu introgression. Studies on polymorphisms of Zebu lactoferrin gene must be conducted to support this suggestion.
  • As a result, AA homozygote and AB heterozygote genotype frequencies in SAR and EAR cattle breeds were found similar with the genotype frequencies in Polish Black and White Holstein, Polish Holstein and Polish Friesian cattle breeds. BB genotype frequency was found higher in SAR and EAR cattle breeds than the Polish cattle. We suggest that further studies should be conducted on the bovine LF gene in Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle breeds to understand the reason of high genotype frequency in SAR and EAR cattle breeds. REFERENCES Akis, I., Oztabak, K., Gonulalp, I., Mengi A., Un, C., 20 IGF-1 and IGF-1R gene polymorphisms in East Anatolian Red and South Anatolian Red Cattle breeds. Russian Journal of Genetics 46 (4), 439-442. Barkema, H.W., Schukken, Y.H., Lam, T.J.G.M., Beiboer, M.L., Wilmink, H., Benedictus, G., Brand, A., 1998. Incidence of clinical mastitis in dairy herds grouped in three categories by bulk milk somatic cell counts. Journal of Dairy Science 81, 411-419.
  • Bradley, A.J., 2002. Bovine mastitis: An evolving disease. The Veterinary Journal 164, 116-128.
  • Edwards, C.J., Baird, J.F., MacHugh, D.E., 2007. Taurine and zebu admixture in Near Eastern cattle: a comparison of mitochondrial, autosomal and Y-chromosomal data. Animal Genetics 38, 520-524.
  • Eken, M., 2010. Güney Anadolu Kırmızısı ve Doğu Anadolu Kırmızısı ırkı sığırlarda büyüme hormon salgılatıcı hormon ve reseptörü genlerinin polimorfizmlerinin belirlenmesi.
  • İstanbul Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Biyokimya Anabilim Dalı Doktora Tezi, İstanbul. Galal Abdel Hameed, K., Sender, G., KorwinKossakowska, A., 2006. Public health hazard due to mastitis in dairy cows. Animal Science Papers and Reports 25(2), 73-85.
  • García-Montoya, I.A., Cendón, T.S., ArévaloGallegos, S., Rascón-Cruz, Q., 2012. Lactoferrin a multiple bioactive protein: An overview. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1820(3), 226-236.
  • Hirvonen, J., Eklund, K., Teppo, A.M., Huszenicza, G., Kulcsar, M.,Saloniemi, H., Pyörälä, S., 19 Acute phase response in dairy cows with experimentally induced Escherichia coli mastitis. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 40, 35 Kamiński, S., Oleński, K., Brym, P., Malewski T., Sazanov A.A., 2006a. Single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of the lactoferrin gene and its associations with milk performance traits in Polish Holstein-Friesian cows. Russian Journal of Genetics 42, 924-927.
  • Kamiński, S., Brym, P., Ruść, A., Wójcik, E., Ahman, A., Mägi, R., 2006b. Associations between milk performance traits in Holstein cows and 16 candidate SNPs identified by Arrayed Primer Extension (APEX) Microarray. Animal Biotechnology 17, 1-11
  • Kaupe, B., Winter, A., Fries, R., Erhardt, G., 2004. DGAT1 polymorphism in Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle breeds. Journal of Dairy Research 71, 182-187.
  • Kawai, K., Hagiwara, S., Anri, A., Nagahata, H., 19 Lactoferrin concentration in milk of bovine clinical mastitis. Veterinary Research Communications 23, 391-398 Kutila, T., Pyörälä, S., Saloniemi, H., Kaartinen, L., 200 Antibacterial effect of bovine lactoferrin against udder pathogens. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 44, 35-42. Lee, N.Y., Kawai, K., Nakamura, I., Tanaka, T., Kumura, H., Shimazaki, K., 200 Susceptibilities against bovine lactoferrin with microorganisms isolated from mastitic milk. The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 66(10), 1267-1269.
  • Li, G.H., Zhang, Y., Sun, D.X., Li, N., 2004. Study on the polymorphism of bovine lactoferrin gene and its relationship with mastitis. Animal Biotechnology 15, 67-76.
  • Loftus, R.T., Ertugrul, O., Harba, A.H., El-Barody, M.A.A., MacHugh, D.E., Park, S.D.E., Bradley, D.G., 1999. A microsatellite survey of cattle from a centre of origin: the Near East. Molecular Ecology 8, 2015-2022.
  • Miller, L.M., Paszek, A.A., Schook, L.B., Louis, C.F., 1998. Denser marker coverage provides greater evidence for carcass trait QTL on SSCP. Animal Genetics 29, 60-74.
  • Öztabak, K., Ün, C., Tesfaye, D., Akış, I., Mengi, A., 200 Genetic polymorphisms of osteopontin (OPN), prolactin (PRL) and pituitary-specific transcript factor-1 (PIT-1) in South Anatolian and East Anatolian Red cattle. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Science 58, 109-112. Pfaffl, M.W., Wittmann, S.L., Meyer, H.H.D., Bruckmaier, R.M., 2003. Gene expression of immunologically important factors in blood cells, milk cells, and mammary tissue of cows. Journal of Dairy Science 86, 538-545
  • Schanbacher, F.L., Goodman, R.E., Talhouk, R.S., 19 Bovine mammary lactoferrin: Implications from messenger Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA) sequence and regulation contrary to other milk proteins. Journal of Dairy Science 76, 3812-3831.
  • Schwerin, M., Toldo, S.S., Eggen, A., Brunner, R., Seyfert, H.M., Fries, R., 1994. The bovine lactoferrin gene (LTF) maps to chromosome 22 and syntenic group U12. Mammalian Genome 5(8), 486-489.
  • Sender, G., Pawlik, A., Korwin-Kossakowska, A., Galal Abdel Hameed, K., Sosczynska, M., Oprzadek, J., Prusak, B., 2010. Association of bovine lactoferrin gene polymorphism with occurrence of mastitis. Milchwissenschaft 65 (3), 242-245.
  • Seyfert, H.M., Kuhn, C., 1994. Characterization of a first bovine lactoferrin gene variant, based on an EcoRI polymorphism. Animal Genetics 25, 54.
  • Seyfert, H.M., Henke, M., Interthal, H., Klussmann, U., Koczan, D., Natour, S., Pusch, W., Senft, B., Steinhoff, U. M., Tuckoricz, A., Hobom, G., 1996. Defining candidate genes for mastitis resistance in cattle: the role of lactoferrin and lysozyme. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 113, 269-276.
  • Valenti, P., Catizone, A., Pantanella, F., Frioni, A., Natalizi, T.,Tendini, M, Berlutti, F., 2011. Lactoferrin decreases inflammatory response by cystic fibrosis bronchial cells invaded with Burkholderia cenocepacia iron-modulated biofilm. International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 24, 105710
  • Vogel, H.J., Schibli, D.J., Jing, W., Lohmeier-Vogel, E.M., Epand, R.F., Epand, R.M., 2002. Towards a structure-function analysis of bovine lactoferricin and related tryptophan- and arginine-containing peptides. Biochemistry and Cell Biology 80, 49-63.
  • Wodjak-Maksymiec, K., Kmiec, M., Ziemak, J., 200 Associations between bovine lactoferrin gene polymorphism and somatic cell count in milk. Veterinarni Medicina 51, 14-20. Yeh, F., Yang, R.C., Boyle, T., 2000. PopGene (v.32) Microsoft Windows-Based Free-Ware for Population Genetic Analysis http://www.ualberta.ca/~fyeh/Pop32.exe. (Erişim 10.12.2011)
  • Youngerman, S.M., Saxton, A.M., Oliver, S.P., Pighetti, G.M., 2004. Association of CXCR2 polymorphisms with subclinical and clinical mastitis in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 87, 2442-2448.
  • Zheng, J., Ather, J. L., Sonstegard, T.S., Kerr, D.E., 200 Characterization of the infectionresponsive bovine lactoferrin promoter. Gene 353, 107-117.

EcoRI Polymorphism in Intron 6 of the Bovine Lactoferrin Gene in South Anatolian Red and East Anatolian Red Cattle Breeds

Year 2013, Volume: 39 Issue: 2, 183 - 188, 10.03.2013

Abstract

ABSTRACT

Lactoferrin (LF) is an iron-binding glycoprotein that exists in variety of biological fluids such as milk, tear, saliva, bile, mucous secretions and blood. Bovine mastitis is an inflammation of the mammary gland. LF has a vital role in the defense mechanism of the mammary gland and the bovine LF gene is a potential candidate gene for imparting resistance to mastitis in dairy cows. The objective of the study is to determine the genotype and allele frequencies for bovine lactoferrin gene polymorphisms in South Anatolian Red (SAR) and East Anatolian Red (EAR) cattle. DNA samples of 46 SAR and 46 EAR cattle were selected from DNA collection obtained from previous research projects. Bovine LF gene was amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and the PCR products were digested by EcoRI restriction enzyme. The frequency of A allele was found higher than B allele in EAR cattle breed and the frequency of B allele was found higher than A allele in SAR cattle breed. We suggest that further studies should be conducted on the bovine LF gene in Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle to understand the reason of high genotype frequency in SAR and EAR cattle breeds.

Key Words: Bovine Lactoferrin gene, South Anatolian Red cattle, East Anatolian Red cattle

 

 

ÖZET

 

DOĞU ANADOLU KIRMIZISI VE GÜNEY ANADOLU KIRMIZISI IRKI SIĞIRLARDA
LAKTOFERRİN GENİNİN 6. İNTRONUNDAKİ ECORI POLİMORFİZMİ

 

Laktoferrin (LF) süt, gözyaşı, tükürük, safra, mukus salgıları ve kan gibi çeşitli biyolojik sıvılarda bulunan, demir bağlayıcı özelliği olan bir glukoproteindir. LF meme bezi savunma mekanizmasında önemli bir role sahiptir ve sığır laktoferrin geni sütçü ineklerin mastite karşı direnç şekillenmesinde potansiyel aday bir gendir. Bu çalışmada Güney Anadolu Kırmızısı (GAK) ve Doğu Anadolu Kırmızısı (DAK) sığırlarında, laktoferrin genindeki polimorfizmlerin genotip ve allel dağılımlarının belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Çalışmada kullanılan 46 DAK ve 46 GAK DNA örneği, önceki yapılan çalışmalar sonucu elde ettiğimiz DNA koleksiyonundan temin edilmiştir. Hedef bölge polimeraz zincir reaksiyonu (PZR) ile çoğaltılmış ve PZR ürünleri EcoRI restriksiyon enzimi ile kesilmiştir. DAK ırkı sığırlarda A allelinin frekansının B allelinin frekansına oranla yüksek olduğu ve GAK ırkı sığırlarda ise B allelinin frekansının A allelinin frekansına oranla yüksek olduğu tespit edilmiştir. GAK ve DAK sığır ırklarında tespit edilen yüksek genotip frekansının sebebinin daha iyi anlaşılabilmesi için Bos taurus and Bos indicus ırkı sığırlarında laktoferrin genine yönelik çalışmaların yapılmasını önermekteyiz.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Sığır Laktoferrin geni, Güney Anadolu Kırmızısı, Doğu Anadolu Kırmızısı 

References

  • Polish Black and White Holstein AA: 0.63 AB: 0.31 BB: 0.04 Sender et al., 2010 Polish Black and White AA: 0.37 AB: 0.59 BB: 0.02 Wodjak-Maksymiec et al., 2006 BB genotype frequencies in Polish cattle breeds were found to be very low, ranging between 0.005 and 0.1 (Table 2), whereas higher frequencies in SAR and EAR cattle were found, 0.30 and 0.13 respectively. Sender et al. (2010) suggested that the low frequency of BB genotype might occur due to prior selection which might be associated with milk yield, led to B allele elimination. In this study, higher BB genotype frequencies found in two different Anatolian cattle breeds, which might be interpreted with the non-prior selection of SAR and EAR cattle breeds related with the milk yield. Near Eastern cattle breeds display an asymmetrical genome composition with very few Zebu mtDNA haplotypes, sparse Zebu Ychromosomal markers and significant autosomal Zebu levels. It has been suggested that original gene pool were taurine and then subjected to introgression from Zebu population over time (Edwards et al., 2007). Genotype and allele frequencies of autosomal genes like PRL, GHRH-R, IGF-1 and DGAT-1 genes in SAR and EAR cattle breeds were found closer to Zebu cattle than European cattle breeds (Akis et al., 2010; Eken, 2010; Kaupe et al., 2004; Öztabak et al., 2008). Presence of Zebuassociated alleles in SAR and EAR might be explained by Zebu introgression to the Anatolian cattle breeds (Edwards et al., 2007; Loftus et al., 1999). The relatively higher frequency of BB genotype may also be a result of Zebu introgression. Studies on polymorphisms of Zebu lactoferrin gene must be conducted to support this suggestion.
  • As a result, AA homozygote and AB heterozygote genotype frequencies in SAR and EAR cattle breeds were found similar with the genotype frequencies in Polish Black and White Holstein, Polish Holstein and Polish Friesian cattle breeds. BB genotype frequency was found higher in SAR and EAR cattle breeds than the Polish cattle. We suggest that further studies should be conducted on the bovine LF gene in Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle breeds to understand the reason of high genotype frequency in SAR and EAR cattle breeds. REFERENCES Akis, I., Oztabak, K., Gonulalp, I., Mengi A., Un, C., 20 IGF-1 and IGF-1R gene polymorphisms in East Anatolian Red and South Anatolian Red Cattle breeds. Russian Journal of Genetics 46 (4), 439-442. Barkema, H.W., Schukken, Y.H., Lam, T.J.G.M., Beiboer, M.L., Wilmink, H., Benedictus, G., Brand, A., 1998. Incidence of clinical mastitis in dairy herds grouped in three categories by bulk milk somatic cell counts. Journal of Dairy Science 81, 411-419.
  • Bradley, A.J., 2002. Bovine mastitis: An evolving disease. The Veterinary Journal 164, 116-128.
  • Edwards, C.J., Baird, J.F., MacHugh, D.E., 2007. Taurine and zebu admixture in Near Eastern cattle: a comparison of mitochondrial, autosomal and Y-chromosomal data. Animal Genetics 38, 520-524.
  • Eken, M., 2010. Güney Anadolu Kırmızısı ve Doğu Anadolu Kırmızısı ırkı sığırlarda büyüme hormon salgılatıcı hormon ve reseptörü genlerinin polimorfizmlerinin belirlenmesi.
  • İstanbul Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Biyokimya Anabilim Dalı Doktora Tezi, İstanbul. Galal Abdel Hameed, K., Sender, G., KorwinKossakowska, A., 2006. Public health hazard due to mastitis in dairy cows. Animal Science Papers and Reports 25(2), 73-85.
  • García-Montoya, I.A., Cendón, T.S., ArévaloGallegos, S., Rascón-Cruz, Q., 2012. Lactoferrin a multiple bioactive protein: An overview. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta 1820(3), 226-236.
  • Hirvonen, J., Eklund, K., Teppo, A.M., Huszenicza, G., Kulcsar, M.,Saloniemi, H., Pyörälä, S., 19 Acute phase response in dairy cows with experimentally induced Escherichia coli mastitis. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 40, 35 Kamiński, S., Oleński, K., Brym, P., Malewski T., Sazanov A.A., 2006a. Single nucleotide polymorphism in the promoter region of the lactoferrin gene and its associations with milk performance traits in Polish Holstein-Friesian cows. Russian Journal of Genetics 42, 924-927.
  • Kamiński, S., Brym, P., Ruść, A., Wójcik, E., Ahman, A., Mägi, R., 2006b. Associations between milk performance traits in Holstein cows and 16 candidate SNPs identified by Arrayed Primer Extension (APEX) Microarray. Animal Biotechnology 17, 1-11
  • Kaupe, B., Winter, A., Fries, R., Erhardt, G., 2004. DGAT1 polymorphism in Bos taurus and Bos indicus cattle breeds. Journal of Dairy Research 71, 182-187.
  • Kawai, K., Hagiwara, S., Anri, A., Nagahata, H., 19 Lactoferrin concentration in milk of bovine clinical mastitis. Veterinary Research Communications 23, 391-398 Kutila, T., Pyörälä, S., Saloniemi, H., Kaartinen, L., 200 Antibacterial effect of bovine lactoferrin against udder pathogens. Acta Veterinaria Scandinavica 44, 35-42. Lee, N.Y., Kawai, K., Nakamura, I., Tanaka, T., Kumura, H., Shimazaki, K., 200 Susceptibilities against bovine lactoferrin with microorganisms isolated from mastitic milk. The Journal of Veterinary Medical Science 66(10), 1267-1269.
  • Li, G.H., Zhang, Y., Sun, D.X., Li, N., 2004. Study on the polymorphism of bovine lactoferrin gene and its relationship with mastitis. Animal Biotechnology 15, 67-76.
  • Loftus, R.T., Ertugrul, O., Harba, A.H., El-Barody, M.A.A., MacHugh, D.E., Park, S.D.E., Bradley, D.G., 1999. A microsatellite survey of cattle from a centre of origin: the Near East. Molecular Ecology 8, 2015-2022.
  • Miller, L.M., Paszek, A.A., Schook, L.B., Louis, C.F., 1998. Denser marker coverage provides greater evidence for carcass trait QTL on SSCP. Animal Genetics 29, 60-74.
  • Öztabak, K., Ün, C., Tesfaye, D., Akış, I., Mengi, A., 200 Genetic polymorphisms of osteopontin (OPN), prolactin (PRL) and pituitary-specific transcript factor-1 (PIT-1) in South Anatolian and East Anatolian Red cattle. Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section A - Animal Science 58, 109-112. Pfaffl, M.W., Wittmann, S.L., Meyer, H.H.D., Bruckmaier, R.M., 2003. Gene expression of immunologically important factors in blood cells, milk cells, and mammary tissue of cows. Journal of Dairy Science 86, 538-545
  • Schanbacher, F.L., Goodman, R.E., Talhouk, R.S., 19 Bovine mammary lactoferrin: Implications from messenger Ribonucleic Acid (mRNA) sequence and regulation contrary to other milk proteins. Journal of Dairy Science 76, 3812-3831.
  • Schwerin, M., Toldo, S.S., Eggen, A., Brunner, R., Seyfert, H.M., Fries, R., 1994. The bovine lactoferrin gene (LTF) maps to chromosome 22 and syntenic group U12. Mammalian Genome 5(8), 486-489.
  • Sender, G., Pawlik, A., Korwin-Kossakowska, A., Galal Abdel Hameed, K., Sosczynska, M., Oprzadek, J., Prusak, B., 2010. Association of bovine lactoferrin gene polymorphism with occurrence of mastitis. Milchwissenschaft 65 (3), 242-245.
  • Seyfert, H.M., Kuhn, C., 1994. Characterization of a first bovine lactoferrin gene variant, based on an EcoRI polymorphism. Animal Genetics 25, 54.
  • Seyfert, H.M., Henke, M., Interthal, H., Klussmann, U., Koczan, D., Natour, S., Pusch, W., Senft, B., Steinhoff, U. M., Tuckoricz, A., Hobom, G., 1996. Defining candidate genes for mastitis resistance in cattle: the role of lactoferrin and lysozyme. Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics 113, 269-276.
  • Valenti, P., Catizone, A., Pantanella, F., Frioni, A., Natalizi, T.,Tendini, M, Berlutti, F., 2011. Lactoferrin decreases inflammatory response by cystic fibrosis bronchial cells invaded with Burkholderia cenocepacia iron-modulated biofilm. International Journal of Immunopathology and Pharmacology 24, 105710
  • Vogel, H.J., Schibli, D.J., Jing, W., Lohmeier-Vogel, E.M., Epand, R.F., Epand, R.M., 2002. Towards a structure-function analysis of bovine lactoferricin and related tryptophan- and arginine-containing peptides. Biochemistry and Cell Biology 80, 49-63.
  • Wodjak-Maksymiec, K., Kmiec, M., Ziemak, J., 200 Associations between bovine lactoferrin gene polymorphism and somatic cell count in milk. Veterinarni Medicina 51, 14-20. Yeh, F., Yang, R.C., Boyle, T., 2000. PopGene (v.32) Microsoft Windows-Based Free-Ware for Population Genetic Analysis http://www.ualberta.ca/~fyeh/Pop32.exe. (Erişim 10.12.2011)
  • Youngerman, S.M., Saxton, A.M., Oliver, S.P., Pighetti, G.M., 2004. Association of CXCR2 polymorphisms with subclinical and clinical mastitis in dairy cattle. Journal of Dairy Science 87, 2442-2448.
  • Zheng, J., Ather, J. L., Sonstegard, T.S., Kerr, D.E., 200 Characterization of the infectionresponsive bovine lactoferrin promoter. Gene 353, 107-117.
There are 25 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Feraye Esen Gürsel

İraz Akış

Atila Ateş

Hasret Yardibi

Gülhan Türkay Hoştürk This is me

Kemal Öztabak

Publication Date March 10, 2013
Published in Issue Year 2013 Volume: 39 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Esen Gürsel, F., Akış, İ., Ateş, A., Yardibi, H., et al. (2013). EcoRI Polymorphism in Intron 6 of the Bovine Lactoferrin Gene in South Anatolian Red and East Anatolian Red Cattle Breeds. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 39(2), 183-188. https://doi.org/10.16988/iuvfd.24024
AMA Esen Gürsel F, Akış İ, Ateş A, Yardibi H, Türkay Hoştürk G, Öztabak K. EcoRI Polymorphism in Intron 6 of the Bovine Lactoferrin Gene in South Anatolian Red and East Anatolian Red Cattle Breeds. iuvfd. March 2013;39(2):183-188. doi:10.16988/iuvfd.24024
Chicago Esen Gürsel, Feraye, İraz Akış, Atila Ateş, Hasret Yardibi, Gülhan Türkay Hoştürk, and Kemal Öztabak. “EcoRI Polymorphism in Intron 6 of the Bovine Lactoferrin Gene in South Anatolian Red and East Anatolian Red Cattle Breeds”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 39, no. 2 (March 2013): 183-88. https://doi.org/10.16988/iuvfd.24024.
EndNote Esen Gürsel F, Akış İ, Ateş A, Yardibi H, Türkay Hoştürk G, Öztabak K (March 1, 2013) EcoRI Polymorphism in Intron 6 of the Bovine Lactoferrin Gene in South Anatolian Red and East Anatolian Red Cattle Breeds. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 39 2 183–188.
IEEE F. Esen Gürsel, İ. Akış, A. Ateş, H. Yardibi, G. Türkay Hoştürk, and K. Öztabak, “EcoRI Polymorphism in Intron 6 of the Bovine Lactoferrin Gene in South Anatolian Red and East Anatolian Red Cattle Breeds”, iuvfd, vol. 39, no. 2, pp. 183–188, 2013, doi: 10.16988/iuvfd.24024.
ISNAD Esen Gürsel, Feraye et al. “EcoRI Polymorphism in Intron 6 of the Bovine Lactoferrin Gene in South Anatolian Red and East Anatolian Red Cattle Breeds”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi 39/2 (March 2013), 183-188. https://doi.org/10.16988/iuvfd.24024.
JAMA Esen Gürsel F, Akış İ, Ateş A, Yardibi H, Türkay Hoştürk G, Öztabak K. EcoRI Polymorphism in Intron 6 of the Bovine Lactoferrin Gene in South Anatolian Red and East Anatolian Red Cattle Breeds. iuvfd. 2013;39:183–188.
MLA Esen Gürsel, Feraye et al. “EcoRI Polymorphism in Intron 6 of the Bovine Lactoferrin Gene in South Anatolian Red and East Anatolian Red Cattle Breeds”. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, vol. 39, no. 2, 2013, pp. 183-8, doi:10.16988/iuvfd.24024.
Vancouver Esen Gürsel F, Akış İ, Ateş A, Yardibi H, Türkay Hoştürk G, Öztabak K. EcoRI Polymorphism in Intron 6 of the Bovine Lactoferrin Gene in South Anatolian Red and East Anatolian Red Cattle Breeds. iuvfd. 2013;39(2):183-8.