Research Article
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The Effect of Season and Feed Withdrawal Duration on Meat Quality Characteristics of Broiler Chicken in Commercial Slaughter Conditions

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 367 - 373, 30.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1112687

Abstract

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of season and withdrawal duration on meat quality characteristics of broiler chicken in commercial slaughter conditions. The study was carried out on Ross 308 broiler chickens reared under similar commercial conditions from two different seasons (autumn and winter) and three different withdrawal duration (8, 10 and 12 hours). A total of 180 broilers, 10 samples per transport distance were randomly selected to determine meat quality characteristics, (2 seasons × 3 withdrawal durations × 10 samples × 3 repeats). Meat colour parameters, pH4, pH24, drip loss and cooking loss were determined. In this study, pH4 value increased (p<0.001) and L*24 value decreased (p<0.001) as the withdrawal duration increased. Broiler chicken transported in winter had more dark, red and yellow than autumn season. As the withdrawal duration increased, the differences between two seasons about meat quality characteristics increased (L*0, L*24, a*0, a*24, b*0, b*24). In addition, as the withdrawal duration increased sensor characteristics of broiler chicken meat increased. In conclusion, the withdrawal duration and season affected significantly meat quality characteristics. The adverse effect occurred especially during winter condition and long withdrawal duration. Cold weather condition and long withdrawal duration result in increased pH meat but the increase did not cause the DFD meat. Therefore it is recommended that up to 12 hours of withdrawal duration can be applied to broiler chickens not only in autumn conditions but also in winter conditions.

Supporting Institution

-

Project Number

-

Thanks

The authors also thank Prof. Dr. Bülent EKİZ for assistance in meat quality analysis.

References

  • Altınel A. Özel Zootekni (Tavuk Yetiştirme), İstanbul. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Yayını, Ders Notu, 1999, 103; 1-38.
  • Anonymous. BESD-BİR.Statistics http://www.besd-bir.org/istatistikler, Accessian date: 09.05.2020.
  • Barbut, S., Zhang, L. & Marcone, M. (2005). Effects of pale, normal, and dark chicken breast meat on microstructure, extractable proteins, and cooking of marinated fillets. Poult Science, 84, 797-802.
  • Bianchi, M., Fletcher, D.L. & Smith D.P. (2005). Physical and functional properties of intact and ground pale broiler breast meat. Poultry Science, 84, 803-808.
  • CIE. Centre Internationale de L’Eclairage. Definition dun space de coleur por deux coordonees de cromaticite et la luminosite. 1976 Supplement 2 to CIE publication no 15 (E-1-3-1) 1971/ (TC-1-3). Cente Internationale de L’Eclairage, Paris.
  • Çınar H. (2007). Kanatlı eti ve yumurta.TEAE-Bakış. 9, 14.
  • Dadgar, S., Lee, E.S., Leer, T.L., Burlinguette N., Classen, H.L., Crowe, T.G. & Shand, P.J. (2010). Effect of microclimate temperature during transportation of broiler chickens on quality of the pectoralis major muscle. Poultry Science, 89, 1033-1041.
  • Dadgar, S., Lee, E.S., Leer, T.L.V., Classen, H.L., Crowe, T.G. & Shand, P.J. (2011). Effect of acute cold exposure, age, sex, and lairage on broiler breast meat quality. Poultry Science, 90, 444-457.
  • Debut, M., Berri, C.E., Baeza, N., Sellier, C., Arnould, D., Guemene, N., Hehl, B., Boutten, Y., Jego, C. & Beaumont Le Bihan- Duval E. (2003). Variation of chicken technological meat quality in relation to genotype and pre-slaughter stress conditions. Poultry Science, 82, 1829-1838.
  • European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The welfare of animals during transport. Scientific Report of the Scientific Panel on Animal Health and Welfare on a request from Commission related to the welfare of animals during transport. 2004; EFSA-Q-2003–094.
  • Elrom K. (2000). Handling and transportation of broilers-welfare, stress, fear and meat quality. Part III: fear; definitions, its relation to stress, causes of fear, responses of fear and measurement of fear. Israel Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 55(3), 1-7.
  • FAWC. (1991). Report on the European Commission Proposals on the Transport of Animals. London: MAFF Publications
  • Haslinger, M., Leitgeb, R., Bauer, F. & Ettle, T. 2007Windisch, W.M. Slaughter yield and meat quality of chicken at different length of preslaughter feed withdrawal. Die Bodenkultur, 58(1-4), 67-72.
  • Hwang, I.H., Devine, C.E. & Hopkins D.L. (2003). The biochemical and physical effects of electrical stimulation on beef and sheep meat tenderness. Meat Science, 65, 677-691
  • Honikel, K.O. (1998). Reference methods for the assessment of physical characteristics of meat. Meat Science, 49, 447-457.
  • Kearley, J. (2010). Food consumption trends and drivers. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 365, 2793-2807.
  • Knowles, T.G. & Broom DM. (1990). The handling and transport of broilers and spent hens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 28, 75-91.
  • Knowles, T.G., Warriss, P.D., Brown, S.N., Edwards, J.E. & Mitchell, M.A. (1995). Responses of broilers to deprivation of food and water for 24 hours. British Veterinary Journal, 151, 197-202.
  • Komiyama, C.M., Mendes, A.A., Takahashi, S.E., Moreira, J., Garcia, R.G., Sanfelice, C., Borba, H.S., Leonel, F.R., Almeida, Paz I.C.L. & Balog A. (2008). Chicken meat quality as a function of fasting period and water spray. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 10(3), 179-183.
  • Kotula, K.L. & Wang, Y. (1994). Characterization of broiler meat quality factors as influence by feed withdrawal time. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 2, 103-110.
  • Lyon, C.E., Papa, C.M. & Wilson R.L. (1991). Effect of feed withdrawal on yields, muscle pH, and texture of broiler breast meat. Poultry Science, 70, 1020-1025.
  • Lyon, C.E. & Buhr, R.J. (1999). Biochemical basis of meat texture. In: Poultry Meat Science, (Ed. R. I. Richardson and G. C. Mead) CAB International, Oxfordshire, England, pp. 99-126.
  • Lyon, B.G., Smith, D.P., Lyon, C.E. & Savage, E.M. (2004). Effects of diet and feed withdrawal on the sensory descriptive and instrumental profiles of broiler breast fillets. Poultry Science, 83, 275-281
  • Makkar, H.P.S., Tran G., Heuze, V. & Ankers, P. (2014). State of the art on use of insects as animal feed. Animal Feed & Science Technology, 197, 1-33.
  • Mitchell, M.A. & Kettlewell, P.J. (1998). Physiological stress and welfare of broiler chickens in transit: solutions not problem! Poultry Science, 77, 1803-1814.
  • Northcutt, J.K., Savage, S.I. & Vest, L.R. (1997) Relationship between feed withdrawal and viscera condition of broilers. Poultry Science, 76, 410-414.
  • Petracci, M., Bianchi, M., Betti, M. & Cavani C. (2004). Color variation and characterization of broiler breast meat during processing in Italy. Poultry Science, 83, 2086-2092.
  • Sandercock, D.A., Hunter, R.R., Nute, G.R., Mitchell, M.A. & Hocking P.M. (2001). Acute heat stress-induced alterations in blood acid-base status and skeletal muscle membrane integrity in broiler chickens at two ages: Implications for meat quality. Poultry Science, 80, 418-425.
  • Savenije, B., Lambooij, E., Gerritzen, M.A., Venema, K. & Korf J. (2002). Effects of feed deprivation and transport on preslaughter blood metabolites, early postmortem muscle metabolites, and meat quality. Poultry Science, 81, 699-708.
  • Schedle, K., Haslinger, M., Leitgeb, R., Bauer, F., Ettle, T. & Windisch W. (2006). Carcass and meat quality of broiler chickens at different starving periods before slaughter. Veterinarija Ir Zootechnika, 35(57), 85-88.
  • Von Borrell EH. (2001). The biology of stress and its application to livestock housing and transportation assessment. Journal of Animal Science, 79(e-Suppl.): E260-E267.
  • Veerkamp C.H. (1986). Fasting and yield of broilers. Poultry Science, 65, 1299-1304.
  • Warriss, P.D., Knowles, T.G., Brown, S.N., Edwards, J.E. Kettlewell, P.J., Mitchell, M.A. & Baxter CA. (1999). Effects of lairage time on body temperature and glycogen reserves of broiler chickens held in transport modules. Veterinary Record, 145, 218-222.
  • Wabeck C.J. (1972). Feed and water withdrawal time relationship to processing yield and potential fecal contamination of broilers. Poultry Science, 51, 1119-1121.

Ticari Kesim Koşullarında Etlik Piliçlerde Mevsim ve Açlık Süresinin Et Kalite Özelliklerine Etkisi

Year 2022, Volume: 7 Issue: 3, 367 - 373, 30.09.2022
https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1112687

Abstract

Bu araştırma etlik piliçlerin et kalite özellikleri üzerine mevsimin ve açlık süresinin ticari kesim koşullarında etkisini belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Bu araştırma benzer ticari koşullar altında yetiştirilen 2 farklı mevsim (sonbahar ve kış) ve 3 farklı kesim öncesi açlık süresi (8, 10 ve 12 saat) uygulanan Ross 308 hattı etlik piliçler üzerinde yürütülmüştür. Her nakil için rastgele 10 örnek olmak üzere (2 mevsim × 3 açlık süresi × 10 örnek × 3 tekrar) toplam 180 etlik piliç et örneği seçilmiştir. pH4, pH24, et rengi, damlama kaybı ve pişirme kaybı gibi et kalite özellikleri analiz edilmiştir. Bu araştırmada açlık süresinin artmasıyla birlikte pH4 değerinin attığı (p<0,001), L24* değerinin düştüğü (p<0,001) tespit edilmiştir. Kış mevsiminde nakledilen etlik piliçlerin, sonbaharda nakledilenlere kıyasla daha koyu, daha kırmızı ve daha sarı renkte göğüs etine sahip olduğu belirlenmiştir. Açlık süresi arttıkça iki mevsim arasında et kalite özellikleri (L*0, L*24, a*0, a*24, b*0, b*24) arasındaki farklılığın da arttığı tespit edilmiştir. Açlık süresinin artışıyla birlikte piliç eti duyusal özelliklerinin arttığı belirlenmiştir. Araştırma sonucunda et kalite özellikleri açlık süresi ve mevsimden önemli derecede etkilenmiştir. Bu olumsuz etkinin özellikle kış mevsimindeki uzun açlık süresinde daha çok ortaya çıktığı belirlenmiştir. Soğuk hava şartları ve uzun açlık süresinin pH artışına neden olduğu fakat bu artışın DFD et oluşturmayacak düzeyde olduğu belirlenmiştir. Bu yüzden sadece sonbahar koşullarında değil aynı zamanda kış koşullarında da etlik piliçlere 12 saate kadar açlık süresinin uygulanabileceği sonucuna varılmıştır.

Project Number

-

References

  • Altınel A. Özel Zootekni (Tavuk Yetiştirme), İstanbul. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Yayını, Ders Notu, 1999, 103; 1-38.
  • Anonymous. BESD-BİR.Statistics http://www.besd-bir.org/istatistikler, Accessian date: 09.05.2020.
  • Barbut, S., Zhang, L. & Marcone, M. (2005). Effects of pale, normal, and dark chicken breast meat on microstructure, extractable proteins, and cooking of marinated fillets. Poult Science, 84, 797-802.
  • Bianchi, M., Fletcher, D.L. & Smith D.P. (2005). Physical and functional properties of intact and ground pale broiler breast meat. Poultry Science, 84, 803-808.
  • CIE. Centre Internationale de L’Eclairage. Definition dun space de coleur por deux coordonees de cromaticite et la luminosite. 1976 Supplement 2 to CIE publication no 15 (E-1-3-1) 1971/ (TC-1-3). Cente Internationale de L’Eclairage, Paris.
  • Çınar H. (2007). Kanatlı eti ve yumurta.TEAE-Bakış. 9, 14.
  • Dadgar, S., Lee, E.S., Leer, T.L., Burlinguette N., Classen, H.L., Crowe, T.G. & Shand, P.J. (2010). Effect of microclimate temperature during transportation of broiler chickens on quality of the pectoralis major muscle. Poultry Science, 89, 1033-1041.
  • Dadgar, S., Lee, E.S., Leer, T.L.V., Classen, H.L., Crowe, T.G. & Shand, P.J. (2011). Effect of acute cold exposure, age, sex, and lairage on broiler breast meat quality. Poultry Science, 90, 444-457.
  • Debut, M., Berri, C.E., Baeza, N., Sellier, C., Arnould, D., Guemene, N., Hehl, B., Boutten, Y., Jego, C. & Beaumont Le Bihan- Duval E. (2003). Variation of chicken technological meat quality in relation to genotype and pre-slaughter stress conditions. Poultry Science, 82, 1829-1838.
  • European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The welfare of animals during transport. Scientific Report of the Scientific Panel on Animal Health and Welfare on a request from Commission related to the welfare of animals during transport. 2004; EFSA-Q-2003–094.
  • Elrom K. (2000). Handling and transportation of broilers-welfare, stress, fear and meat quality. Part III: fear; definitions, its relation to stress, causes of fear, responses of fear and measurement of fear. Israel Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 55(3), 1-7.
  • FAWC. (1991). Report on the European Commission Proposals on the Transport of Animals. London: MAFF Publications
  • Haslinger, M., Leitgeb, R., Bauer, F. & Ettle, T. 2007Windisch, W.M. Slaughter yield and meat quality of chicken at different length of preslaughter feed withdrawal. Die Bodenkultur, 58(1-4), 67-72.
  • Hwang, I.H., Devine, C.E. & Hopkins D.L. (2003). The biochemical and physical effects of electrical stimulation on beef and sheep meat tenderness. Meat Science, 65, 677-691
  • Honikel, K.O. (1998). Reference methods for the assessment of physical characteristics of meat. Meat Science, 49, 447-457.
  • Kearley, J. (2010). Food consumption trends and drivers. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B, 365, 2793-2807.
  • Knowles, T.G. & Broom DM. (1990). The handling and transport of broilers and spent hens. Applied Animal Behaviour Science, 28, 75-91.
  • Knowles, T.G., Warriss, P.D., Brown, S.N., Edwards, J.E. & Mitchell, M.A. (1995). Responses of broilers to deprivation of food and water for 24 hours. British Veterinary Journal, 151, 197-202.
  • Komiyama, C.M., Mendes, A.A., Takahashi, S.E., Moreira, J., Garcia, R.G., Sanfelice, C., Borba, H.S., Leonel, F.R., Almeida, Paz I.C.L. & Balog A. (2008). Chicken meat quality as a function of fasting period and water spray. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science, 10(3), 179-183.
  • Kotula, K.L. & Wang, Y. (1994). Characterization of broiler meat quality factors as influence by feed withdrawal time. Journal of Applied Poultry Research, 2, 103-110.
  • Lyon, C.E., Papa, C.M. & Wilson R.L. (1991). Effect of feed withdrawal on yields, muscle pH, and texture of broiler breast meat. Poultry Science, 70, 1020-1025.
  • Lyon, C.E. & Buhr, R.J. (1999). Biochemical basis of meat texture. In: Poultry Meat Science, (Ed. R. I. Richardson and G. C. Mead) CAB International, Oxfordshire, England, pp. 99-126.
  • Lyon, B.G., Smith, D.P., Lyon, C.E. & Savage, E.M. (2004). Effects of diet and feed withdrawal on the sensory descriptive and instrumental profiles of broiler breast fillets. Poultry Science, 83, 275-281
  • Makkar, H.P.S., Tran G., Heuze, V. & Ankers, P. (2014). State of the art on use of insects as animal feed. Animal Feed & Science Technology, 197, 1-33.
  • Mitchell, M.A. & Kettlewell, P.J. (1998). Physiological stress and welfare of broiler chickens in transit: solutions not problem! Poultry Science, 77, 1803-1814.
  • Northcutt, J.K., Savage, S.I. & Vest, L.R. (1997) Relationship between feed withdrawal and viscera condition of broilers. Poultry Science, 76, 410-414.
  • Petracci, M., Bianchi, M., Betti, M. & Cavani C. (2004). Color variation and characterization of broiler breast meat during processing in Italy. Poultry Science, 83, 2086-2092.
  • Sandercock, D.A., Hunter, R.R., Nute, G.R., Mitchell, M.A. & Hocking P.M. (2001). Acute heat stress-induced alterations in blood acid-base status and skeletal muscle membrane integrity in broiler chickens at two ages: Implications for meat quality. Poultry Science, 80, 418-425.
  • Savenije, B., Lambooij, E., Gerritzen, M.A., Venema, K. & Korf J. (2002). Effects of feed deprivation and transport on preslaughter blood metabolites, early postmortem muscle metabolites, and meat quality. Poultry Science, 81, 699-708.
  • Schedle, K., Haslinger, M., Leitgeb, R., Bauer, F., Ettle, T. & Windisch W. (2006). Carcass and meat quality of broiler chickens at different starving periods before slaughter. Veterinarija Ir Zootechnika, 35(57), 85-88.
  • Von Borrell EH. (2001). The biology of stress and its application to livestock housing and transportation assessment. Journal of Animal Science, 79(e-Suppl.): E260-E267.
  • Veerkamp C.H. (1986). Fasting and yield of broilers. Poultry Science, 65, 1299-1304.
  • Warriss, P.D., Knowles, T.G., Brown, S.N., Edwards, J.E. Kettlewell, P.J., Mitchell, M.A. & Baxter CA. (1999). Effects of lairage time on body temperature and glycogen reserves of broiler chickens held in transport modules. Veterinary Record, 145, 218-222.
  • Wabeck C.J. (1972). Feed and water withdrawal time relationship to processing yield and potential fecal contamination of broilers. Poultry Science, 51, 1119-1121.
There are 34 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Bahri Çolak 0000-0002-7567-921X

Bülent Teke 0000-0002-1091-643X

Project Number -
Publication Date September 30, 2022
Submission Date May 5, 2022
Acceptance Date July 6, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 7 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Çolak, B., & Teke, B. (2022). The Effect of Season and Feed Withdrawal Duration on Meat Quality Characteristics of Broiler Chicken in Commercial Slaughter Conditions. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 7(3), 367-373. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.1112687


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