Abstract
References
- Morrison RS, Meier DE. Clinical practice. Palliative care. N Engl J Med 2004; 350: 2582-90.
- World Health Organization. Definition of Palliative Care 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/palliative-care
- World Health Organization. Global Atlas of Palliative Care 2nd Edition. London: Worldwide Palliative Care Alliance 2020.
- Quill TE, Abernethy AP. Generalist plus specialist palliative care--creating a more sustainable model. N Engl J Med 2013; 368: 1173-5.
- Diakos CI, Charles KA, McMillan DC, Clarke SJ. Cancer-related inflammation and treatment effectiveness. Lancet Oncol 2014; 15: e493-503.
- Padoan A, Plebani M, Basso D. Inflammation and Pancreatic Cancer: Focus on Metabolism, Cytokines, and Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20.
- Crusz SM, Balkwill FR. Inflammation and cancer: advances and new agents. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2015; 12: 584-96.
- Jung KW, Won YJ, Hong S, Kong HJ, Lee ES. Prediction of Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Korea, 2020. Cancer Res Treat 2020; 52: 351-8.
- Chen JH, Zhai ET, Yuan YJ, et al. Systemic immune-inflammation index for predicting prognosis of colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23: 6261-72.
- Huang H, Liu Q, Zhu L, et al. Prognostic Value of Preoperative Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index in Patients with Cervical Cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9: 3284.
- Li X, Gu L, Chen Y, et al. Systemic immune-inflammation index is a promising non-invasive biomarker for predicting the survival of urinary system cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Medicine 2021; 53: 1827-38.
- Meneguin S, Matos TDS, Ferreira M. Perception of cancer patients in palliative care about quality of life. Rev Bras Enferm 2018; 71: 1998-2004.
- Smith TJ, Temin S, Alesi ER, et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology provisional clinical opinion: the integration of palliative care into standard oncology care. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30: 880-7.
- Dulaney C, Wallace AS, Everett AS, Dover L, McDonald A, Kropp L. Defining Health Across the Cancer Continuum. Cureus 2017; 9: e1029.
- Irwin KE, Greer JA, Khatib J, Temel JS, Pirl WF. Early palliative care and metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: potential mechanisms of prolonged survival. Chron Respir Dis 2013; 10: 35-47.
- Temel JS, Greer JA, Muzikansky A, et al. Early palliative care for patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 2010; 363: 733-42.
- Luo H, He L, Zhang G, et al. Normal Reference Intervals of Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet-To-Lymphocyte Ratio, Lymphocyte-To-Monocyte Ratio, and Systemic Immune Inflammation Index in Healthy Adults: a Large Multi-Center Study from Western China. Clin Lab 2019; 65.
- Lee SH, Lee JG, Choi YJ, et al. Prognosis palliative care study, palliative prognostic index, palliative prognostic score and objective prognostic score in advanced cancer: a prospective comparison. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2021.
- Stone P, Vickerstaff V, Kalpakidou A, et al. Prognostic tools or clinical predictions: Which are better in palliative care? PLoS One 2021; 16: e0249763.
- Zhou J, Xu S, Cao Z, et al. Validation of the Palliative Prognostic Index, Performance Status-Based Palliative Prognostic Index and Chinese Prognostic Scale in a home palliative care setting for patients with advanced cancer in China. BMC Palliat Care 2020; 19: 167.
- Lolli C, Caffo O, Scarpi E, et al. Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index Predicts the Clinical Outcome in Patients with mCRPC Treated with Abiraterone. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7: 376.
- Ji Y, Wang H. Prognostic prediction of systemic immune-inflammation index for patients with gynecological and breast cancers: a meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2020; 18: 197.
- He K, Si L, Pan X, et al. Preoperative Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) as a Superior Predictor of Long-Term Survival Outcome in Patients With Stage I-II Gastric Cancer After Radical Surgery. Front Oncol 2022; 12: 829689.
- Feng JF, Chen S, Yang X. Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is a useful prognostic indicator for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96: e5886.
- Murthy P, Zenati MS, Al Abbas AI, et al. Prognostic Value of the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) After Neoadjuvant Therapy for Patients with Resected Pancreatic Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 27: 898-906.
- Yilmaz A, Mirili C, Bilici M, Tekin SB. A novel predictor in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors: Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII). J buon 2019; 24: 2127-35.
- Huang Y, Chen Y, Zhu Y, et al. Postoperative Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII): A Superior Prognostic Factor of Endometrial Cancer. Front Surg 2021; 8: 704235.
- Yan Q, Ertao Z, Zhimei Z, et al. Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII): A More Promising Inflammation-Based Prognostic Marker for Patients with synchronic colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis. J Cancer 2020; 11: 5264-72.
- Zhao LY, Yang DD, Ma XK, et al. The Prognostic Value of aspartate aminotransferase to lymphocyte ratio and systemic immune-inflammation index for Overall Survival of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Treated with palliative Treatments. J Cancer 2019; 10: 2299-311.
- Karn T, Pusztai L, Rody A, Holtrich U, Becker S. The Influence of Host Factors on the Prognosis of Breast Cancer: Stroma and Immune Cell Components as Cancer Biomarkers. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2015; 15: 652-64.
Role of systemic immune-inflammation index in predicting mortality in cancer patients in palliative care units
Abstract
Aim: In our study, we aimed to investigate whether the systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) can evaluate mortality in cancer patients treated in the palliative care unit (PCU).
Material and Method: Cancer patients who received palliative care treatments in the PCU were screened retrospectively, and 309 patients were included in the study. The patients were divided into two groups; hospitalizations ending with discharge as Group 1 (n=154) and hospitalizations ending with exitus as Group 2 (n=155). SII values of the two groups were compared. SII was calculated with the formula of neutrophil count x platelet count / lymphocyte count. To determine the best cut-off value for the mortality distinction ability of the SII, a Receiver Operating Curve (ROC) analysis was used.
Results: The mean age and distribution of genders of the two groups were similar (p=0.706, p=0.964). There was a statistically significant difference between the SII values of the two groups (p<0.001). SII was successful in predicting mortality in cancer patients hospitalized in PCU, and the probability of mortality in patients with an SII value of 1426.29 and above at the time of hospitalization was approximately 1.8 times higher than in patients with a value below 1426.29.
Conclusion: We found that high SII values could predict mortality in cancer patients receiving palliative care in PCU. We think that SII, which is inexpensive, easily accessible, and easily calculated with only peripheral blood cell count, will provide clinicians working in PCU with important benefits, such as achieving more accurate prognostic results for the selection of treatment modalities and mortality estimation when combined with their own clinical experience. We recommend that SII be calculated in all cancer patients hospitalized in PCUs and that patients with high SII values should be followed more closely.
Keywords
References
- Morrison RS, Meier DE. Clinical practice. Palliative care. N Engl J Med 2004; 350: 2582-90.
- World Health Organization. Definition of Palliative Care 2020. Available from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/palliative-care
- World Health Organization. Global Atlas of Palliative Care 2nd Edition. London: Worldwide Palliative Care Alliance 2020.
- Quill TE, Abernethy AP. Generalist plus specialist palliative care--creating a more sustainable model. N Engl J Med 2013; 368: 1173-5.
- Diakos CI, Charles KA, McMillan DC, Clarke SJ. Cancer-related inflammation and treatment effectiveness. Lancet Oncol 2014; 15: e493-503.
- Padoan A, Plebani M, Basso D. Inflammation and Pancreatic Cancer: Focus on Metabolism, Cytokines, and Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20.
- Crusz SM, Balkwill FR. Inflammation and cancer: advances and new agents. Nat Rev Clin Oncol 2015; 12: 584-96.
- Jung KW, Won YJ, Hong S, Kong HJ, Lee ES. Prediction of Cancer Incidence and Mortality in Korea, 2020. Cancer Res Treat 2020; 52: 351-8.
- Chen JH, Zhai ET, Yuan YJ, et al. Systemic immune-inflammation index for predicting prognosis of colorectal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2017; 23: 6261-72.
- Huang H, Liu Q, Zhu L, et al. Prognostic Value of Preoperative Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index in Patients with Cervical Cancer. Sci Rep 2019; 9: 3284.
- Li X, Gu L, Chen Y, et al. Systemic immune-inflammation index is a promising non-invasive biomarker for predicting the survival of urinary system cancers: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Annals of Medicine 2021; 53: 1827-38.
- Meneguin S, Matos TDS, Ferreira M. Perception of cancer patients in palliative care about quality of life. Rev Bras Enferm 2018; 71: 1998-2004.
- Smith TJ, Temin S, Alesi ER, et al. American Society of Clinical Oncology provisional clinical opinion: the integration of palliative care into standard oncology care. J Clin Oncol 2012; 30: 880-7.
- Dulaney C, Wallace AS, Everett AS, Dover L, McDonald A, Kropp L. Defining Health Across the Cancer Continuum. Cureus 2017; 9: e1029.
- Irwin KE, Greer JA, Khatib J, Temel JS, Pirl WF. Early palliative care and metastatic non-small cell lung cancer: potential mechanisms of prolonged survival. Chron Respir Dis 2013; 10: 35-47.
- Temel JS, Greer JA, Muzikansky A, et al. Early palliative care for patients with metastatic non-small-cell lung cancer. N Engl J Med 2010; 363: 733-42.
- Luo H, He L, Zhang G, et al. Normal Reference Intervals of Neutrophil-To-Lymphocyte Ratio, Platelet-To-Lymphocyte Ratio, Lymphocyte-To-Monocyte Ratio, and Systemic Immune Inflammation Index in Healthy Adults: a Large Multi-Center Study from Western China. Clin Lab 2019; 65.
- Lee SH, Lee JG, Choi YJ, et al. Prognosis palliative care study, palliative prognostic index, palliative prognostic score and objective prognostic score in advanced cancer: a prospective comparison. BMJ Support Palliat Care 2021.
- Stone P, Vickerstaff V, Kalpakidou A, et al. Prognostic tools or clinical predictions: Which are better in palliative care? PLoS One 2021; 16: e0249763.
- Zhou J, Xu S, Cao Z, et al. Validation of the Palliative Prognostic Index, Performance Status-Based Palliative Prognostic Index and Chinese Prognostic Scale in a home palliative care setting for patients with advanced cancer in China. BMC Palliat Care 2020; 19: 167.
- Lolli C, Caffo O, Scarpi E, et al. Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index Predicts the Clinical Outcome in Patients with mCRPC Treated with Abiraterone. Front Pharmacol 2016; 7: 376.
- Ji Y, Wang H. Prognostic prediction of systemic immune-inflammation index for patients with gynecological and breast cancers: a meta-analysis. World J Surg Oncol 2020; 18: 197.
- He K, Si L, Pan X, et al. Preoperative Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) as a Superior Predictor of Long-Term Survival Outcome in Patients With Stage I-II Gastric Cancer After Radical Surgery. Front Oncol 2022; 12: 829689.
- Feng JF, Chen S, Yang X. Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII) is a useful prognostic indicator for patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the esophagus. Medicine (Baltimore) 2017; 96: e5886.
- Murthy P, Zenati MS, Al Abbas AI, et al. Prognostic Value of the Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII) After Neoadjuvant Therapy for Patients with Resected Pancreatic Cancer. Ann Surg Oncol 2020; 27: 898-906.
- Yilmaz A, Mirili C, Bilici M, Tekin SB. A novel predictor in patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors: Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII). J buon 2019; 24: 2127-35.
- Huang Y, Chen Y, Zhu Y, et al. Postoperative Systemic Immune-Inflammation Index (SII): A Superior Prognostic Factor of Endometrial Cancer. Front Surg 2021; 8: 704235.
- Yan Q, Ertao Z, Zhimei Z, et al. Systemic immune-inflammation index (SII): A More Promising Inflammation-Based Prognostic Marker for Patients with synchronic colorectal peritoneal carcinomatosis. J Cancer 2020; 11: 5264-72.
- Zhao LY, Yang DD, Ma XK, et al. The Prognostic Value of aspartate aminotransferase to lymphocyte ratio and systemic immune-inflammation index for Overall Survival of Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Treated with palliative Treatments. J Cancer 2019; 10: 2299-311.
- Karn T, Pusztai L, Rody A, Holtrich U, Becker S. The Influence of Host Factors on the Prognosis of Breast Cancer: Stroma and Immune Cell Components as Cancer Biomarkers. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2015; 15: 652-64.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Health Care Administration |
| Journal Section | Original Article |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | March 27, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 6 Issue: 2 |
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