Research Article
The Morphometric Examination of Head Area of Black Headed Gulls (Larus Ridibundus) from Marmara Region
Abstract
The Black-headed gull (Larus ridibundus), a gull species commonly
seen on shores of Küçükçekmece lake located in Marmara Region, does not exhibit
sexual dimorphism as it has monomorphic feather traits like the other gull
species. In order to perform sex discrimination
in gulls, the effective discriminant function analysis (DFA) method is used for
the measurements based on the external morphology and determining the variables
discriminating the two sex groups. The head morphological measurements and the
body weights of 28 adult Black-headed gulls were obtained. One discriminant
function was determined based on the results.
The accuracy rate in two sexes was determined to be 82.1% (85.7% female,
78.6% male) using the formula we obtained as a result of the discriminant
function analysis in which the head length, determined to be more significant
compared to the other variables, was used. The aim of the study is to assess
the sexual dimorphism in population of Black-headed gull in Küçükçekmece Lake
and its surrounding located in Marmara Region and represent a reliable method
to make a sex discrimination along with discriminant analysis.
References
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- 5. Poprach K, Machar I, Maton K. Long-term decline in breeding abundance of Black-headed Gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) in the Czech Republic: a case study of a population trend at the Chomoutov lake. Ekológia (Bratislava). 2016;35(4):350-358.
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- 11. Galarza A, Hidalgo J, Ocio G, et al. Sexual size dimorphism and determination of sex in Atlantic yellow-legged gulls Larus michahellis lusitanius from northern Spain. Ardeola. 2008;55(1):41-47.
- 12. Evans DR, Hoopes EM, Griffin CR. Discriminating the sex of laughing gulls by linear measurements (Identificación del sexo en individuos de Larus atricilla utilizando medidas lineares). J Field Ornithol. 1993;472-476.
- 13. Evans DR, Cavanagh PM, French TW, et al. Identifying the sex of Massachusetts Herring Gulls by linear measurements. J Field Ornithol. 1995;66(1):128-132.
- 14. Renner M, Davis LS. Sexing little penguins Eudyptula minor from Cook Strait, New Zealand using discriminant function analysis. Emu. 1999;99(1):74-79.
- 15. Palomares, LE, Arroyo BE, Marchamalo J, et al. Sex- and age-related biometric variation of Black-headed Gulls Larus ridibundus in western European populations. Bird Study. 1997;44(3):310- 317.
- 16. Aguirre JI, Arana P, Antonio MT. Testing effectiveness of discriminant functions to sex different populations of Mediterranean Yellow-Legged Gulls Larus michahellis michahellis. Ardeola. 2009;56(2): 281-286.
- 17. Hammouda A, Selmi S. Morphometric sexing of Mediterranean Yellow-legged Gulls Larus michahellis michahellis breeding in the Gulf of Gabès, southern Tunisia. Ostrich. 2013;84(2):119-122.
- 18. Bosch M. Sexual size dimorphism and determination of sex in Yellow-Legged Gulls (Dimorfismo sexual de tamaño y determinación del sexo en gaviotas patiamarillas). J Field Ornithol. 1996;67(4):534-541.
- 19. Meissner W, Kośmicki A, Niemczyk A, et al. Development of sexual dimorphism and sexing of Baltic Herring Gull (Larus argentatus argentatus) in successive age classes. Waterbirds. 2017;40(1):24-33.
- 20. Yannic G, Broquet T, Strøm H, et al. Genetic and morphological sex identification methods reveal a male-biased sex ratio in the Ivory Gull Pagophila eburnea. J Ornithol. 2016;157(3):861-873.
- 21. Palomares LE, Arroyo B, Marchamalo J, et al. Sex- and age-related biometric variation of black-headed Gulls Larus ridibundus in Western European populations. Bird Study. 1997;44(3):310-317.
- 22. Coolson JC, Duncan N, Thomas CS, et al. An age-related difference in the bill depth of Herring Gulls Larus argentatus. Ibis. 1981;123(4):499-502.
- 23. Stermin AN, David A, Eilers A, et al. A better sex discriminator? Validity of sex-discriminating formulas in water rails Rallus aquaticus L., 1758 (Rallidae). North-Western Journal of Zoology. 2018;14(2):208-212.
- 24. Jordi O, Arizaga J. Sex differences in growth rates of Yellow-legged Gull Larus michahellis chicks. Bird study. 2016;63(2):273-278.
- 25. Taylor S, Jamieson IG: Determining sex of South Island saddlebacks (Philesturnus carunculatus carunculatus) using discriminant function analysis, Notornis. 2007;54(2):61-64.
- 26. Hallgrimsson GT, Helgason HH, Palsdottir ES, et al. Sexing adult and fledgling Lesser Black-backed Gulls from morphometrics. Ringing Migr. 2016;31(1):68-73.
Year 2020,
Volume: 39 Issue: 1, 49 - 53, 29.07.2020
Abstract
References
- 1. Birdlife international 2016 species factsheet. Larus ridibundus. http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/Mew-Gull. Accessed March 28, 2019.
- 2. Karabaş martı. http://www.trakus.org. Accessed March 28, 2019.
- 3. Karabaş martı. https://evrimagaci.org/karabas-marti-chroicocephalus-ridibundus-5264. Accessed March 28, 2019.
- 4. Musil P, Musilová Z, Fuchs R, et al. Long-term changes in numbers and distribution of wintering waterbirds in the Czech Republic, 1966–2008. Bird Study. 2011;58(4):450-460.
- 5. Poprach K, Machar I, Maton K. Long-term decline in breeding abundance of Black-headed Gull (Chroicocephalus ridibundus) in the Czech Republic: a case study of a population trend at the Chomoutov lake. Ekológia (Bratislava). 2016;35(4):350-358.
- 6. Van Dijk JG, Stienen EW, Gerritsen S, et al. Reproductie van de Kokmeeuw in kust-en binnenlandkolonies. Limosa. 2009;82(1):13.
- 7. Yilmaz KT. Ecological diversity of the Eastern Mediterranean region of Turkey and its conservation. Biodivers Conserv. 1997;7(1):87-96.
- 8. Kılıç DT, Eken G. Türkiye’nin önemli kuş alanları 2004 güncellemesi. Doğa Derneği Ankara. 2004;74-100.
- 9. Kış ortası su kuşu sayımı 2018. Doğa koruma ve milli parklar genel müdürlüğü (İKGT 2010). http://www.milliparklar.gov.tr/dosyalar/kosks_raporu2018.pdf. Accessed March 28, 2019.
- 10. Del Hoyo J, Elliott A, Sargatal J. Handbook of the birds of the world. 1thed. Barcelona: Lynx Edicions; 1996.
- 11. Galarza A, Hidalgo J, Ocio G, et al. Sexual size dimorphism and determination of sex in Atlantic yellow-legged gulls Larus michahellis lusitanius from northern Spain. Ardeola. 2008;55(1):41-47.
- 12. Evans DR, Hoopes EM, Griffin CR. Discriminating the sex of laughing gulls by linear measurements (Identificación del sexo en individuos de Larus atricilla utilizando medidas lineares). J Field Ornithol. 1993;472-476.
- 13. Evans DR, Cavanagh PM, French TW, et al. Identifying the sex of Massachusetts Herring Gulls by linear measurements. J Field Ornithol. 1995;66(1):128-132.
- 14. Renner M, Davis LS. Sexing little penguins Eudyptula minor from Cook Strait, New Zealand using discriminant function analysis. Emu. 1999;99(1):74-79.
- 15. Palomares, LE, Arroyo BE, Marchamalo J, et al. Sex- and age-related biometric variation of Black-headed Gulls Larus ridibundus in western European populations. Bird Study. 1997;44(3):310- 317.
- 16. Aguirre JI, Arana P, Antonio MT. Testing effectiveness of discriminant functions to sex different populations of Mediterranean Yellow-Legged Gulls Larus michahellis michahellis. Ardeola. 2009;56(2): 281-286.
- 17. Hammouda A, Selmi S. Morphometric sexing of Mediterranean Yellow-legged Gulls Larus michahellis michahellis breeding in the Gulf of Gabès, southern Tunisia. Ostrich. 2013;84(2):119-122.
- 18. Bosch M. Sexual size dimorphism and determination of sex in Yellow-Legged Gulls (Dimorfismo sexual de tamaño y determinación del sexo en gaviotas patiamarillas). J Field Ornithol. 1996;67(4):534-541.
- 19. Meissner W, Kośmicki A, Niemczyk A, et al. Development of sexual dimorphism and sexing of Baltic Herring Gull (Larus argentatus argentatus) in successive age classes. Waterbirds. 2017;40(1):24-33.
- 20. Yannic G, Broquet T, Strøm H, et al. Genetic and morphological sex identification methods reveal a male-biased sex ratio in the Ivory Gull Pagophila eburnea. J Ornithol. 2016;157(3):861-873.
- 21. Palomares LE, Arroyo B, Marchamalo J, et al. Sex- and age-related biometric variation of black-headed Gulls Larus ridibundus in Western European populations. Bird Study. 1997;44(3):310-317.
- 22. Coolson JC, Duncan N, Thomas CS, et al. An age-related difference in the bill depth of Herring Gulls Larus argentatus. Ibis. 1981;123(4):499-502.
- 23. Stermin AN, David A, Eilers A, et al. A better sex discriminator? Validity of sex-discriminating formulas in water rails Rallus aquaticus L., 1758 (Rallidae). North-Western Journal of Zoology. 2018;14(2):208-212.
- 24. Jordi O, Arizaga J. Sex differences in growth rates of Yellow-legged Gull Larus michahellis chicks. Bird study. 2016;63(2):273-278.
- 25. Taylor S, Jamieson IG: Determining sex of South Island saddlebacks (Philesturnus carunculatus carunculatus) using discriminant function analysis, Notornis. 2007;54(2):61-64.
- 26. Hallgrimsson GT, Helgason HH, Palsdottir ES, et al. Sexing adult and fledgling Lesser Black-backed Gulls from morphometrics. Ringing Migr. 2016;31(1):68-73.
There are 26 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Surgery |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | July 29, 2020 |
| Acceptance Date | February 24, 2020 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2020 Volume: 39 Issue: 1 |