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KANSER HASTALIĞI OLAN EBEVEYNLERİN ÇOCUKLARI: ETKİLER VE YAKLAŞIMLAR

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 1 - 14, 29.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1133495

Abstract

Kanser tanısı konulan bireylerde görülebilen fiziksel, sosyal ve psikolojik sorunların yanı sıra diğer aile üyelerinde de aile dengesinin bozulması, rol kaybı ya da rol değişikliği nedeniyle hastalardan daha fazla duygusal ve davranışsal sorunlar ile karşılaşılmaktadır. Bu süreçte özellikle kanser olan ebeveynlerin çocukları duygusal ve davranışsal problemler açısından daha yüksek risk altındadır. Kanser hastalığı olan ebeveynin hastalık sürecinin ailenin günlük rutinlerini değiştirmesi, evdeki rollerin farklılık göstermesi, finansal sorunların yaşanması, her iki ebeveynin de fiziksel ve duygusal tükenmişlik yaşaması çocuklarda görülen duygusal ve davranışsal sorunların başlıca nedenlerindendir. Ebeveyninde kanser hastalığı olan çocuklarda anksiyete, depresyon, agresif davranışlar ya da somatik şikayetler gibi psikososyal etkiler ile ağlama, güvensizlik, arkadaş ilişkilerinde bozulma, ebeveynlerden uzaklaşma ya da aşırı ilgi gösterme ve okula konsantre olamama gibi bilişsel ve davranışsal etkiler görülebilir. Ayrıca günlük rutinlerin bozulması ve yaşanan duygusal semptomlar nedeniyle baş ağrısı, uykusuzluk, iştah kaybı gibi fiziksel sorunlar gelişebilir. Çocuğun bu süreçten etkilenmesi; çocuğun cinsiyeti, gelişim dönemi, ebeveynde var olan hastalığı algılayışı, ebeveyn ile çocuk arasındaki ilişki, aile işlevleri, kanserin evresi ve ebeveynin sağlık durumuna göre farklılaşmakla birlikte çocukların sosyal destek ihtiyacı artış göstermektedir. Ebeveynine kanser tanısı konulan çocukların kanserin etkilerini belirlemede, düşüncelerini ifade etmede ve dayanıklılığını artırmak için sosyal destek sağlamada yardım alması önemlidir. Literatürde ebeveyni kanser olan çocuklara yönelik girişimlerin oldukça sınırlı olduğu görülmektedir. Bu makalede konuya yönelik farkındalık sağlamak amacıyla kanser tanısı alan ebeveyne sahip çocukların olumsuz etkilenmelerini en aza indirebilecek girişimlerden bahsedilmektedir.

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Thanks

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References

  • Alexander, E., O'Connor, M., & Halkett, G. K. B. (2020, Nov). The perceived effect of parental cancer on children still living at home: According to oncology health professionals. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl), 29(6), e13321. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecc.13321
  • Alexander, E., O'Connor, M., Rees, C., & Halkett, G. (2019, Oct). A systematic review of the current interventions available to support children living with parental cancer. Patient Educ Couns, 102(10), 1812-1821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2019.05.001
  • Arber, A., & Odelius, A. (2018). Experiences of Oncology and Palliative Care Nurses When Supporting Parents Who Have Cancer and Dependent Children. Cancer Nursing, 41(3), 248-254. https://doi.org/10.1097/ncc.0000000000000491
  • Bultmann, J. C., Beierlein, V., Romer, G., Moller, B., Koch, U., & Bergelt, C. (2014, Dec 1). Parental cancer: Health-related quality of life and current psychosocial support needs of cancer survivors and their children. Int J Cancer, 135(11), 2668-2677. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.28905
  • Chen, R., Sjolander, A., Valdimarsdottir, U., Varnum, C., Almqvist, C., Ye, W., Fall, K., Czene, K., & Fang, F. (2015, Feb). Parental cancer diagnosis and child mortality--a population-based cohort study in Sweden. Cancer Epidemiol, 39(1), 79-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2014.11.011
  • Cho, O. H., Yoo, Y. S., & Hwang, K. H. (2015, May). Comparison of parent-child communication patterns and parental role satisfaction among mothers with and without breast cancer. Appl Nurs Res, 28(2), 163-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2014.09.005
  • Costas-Muniz, R. (2012, Feb). Hispanic adolescents coping with parental cancer. Support Care Cancer, 20(2), 413-417. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-011-1283-9
  • Ellis, S. J., Wakefield, C. E., Antill, G., Burns, M., & Patterson, P. (2017). Supporting children facing a parent's cancer diagnosis: a systematic review of children's psychosocial needs and existing interventions. European Journal of Cancer Care, 26(1), e12432. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/ecc.12432
  • Hailey, C. E., Yopp, J. M., Deal, A. M., Mayer, D. K., Hanson, L. C., Grunfeld, G., Rosenstein, D. L., & Park, E. M. (2018, Jan). Communication with children about a parent's advanced cancer and measures of parental anxiety and depression: a cross-sectional mixed-methods study. Support Care Cancer, 26(1), 287-295. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-017-3847-9
  • Hauken, M. A., Senneseth, M., Dyregrov, A., & Dyregrov, K. (2018, Jan/Feb). Anxiety and the Quality of Life of Children Living With Parental Cancer. Cancer Nurs, 41(1), E19-E27. https://doi.org/10.1097/NCC.0000000000000467
  • Hauskov Graungaard, A., Hafting, M., Davidsen, A. S., & Lykke, K. (2021, Dec 28). How is my child doing - parental understanding of their children when a parent has cancer. J Psychosoc Oncol, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/07347332.2021.2013386
  • Hoeg, B. L., Christensen, J., Banko, L., Frederiksen, K., Appel, C. W., Dalton, S. O., Dyregrov, A., Guldin, M. B., Jorgensen, S. E., Lytje, M., Boge, P., & Bidstrup, P. E. (2021, Jul 24). Psychotropic medication among children who experience parental death to cancer. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-021-01846-y
  • Inhestern, L., Haller, A. C., Wlodarczyk, O., & Bergelt, C. (2016). Psychosocial Interventions for Families with Parental Cancer and Barriers and Facilitators to Implementation and Use - A Systematic Review. PLoS One, 11(6), e0156967. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156967
  • Inhestern, L., Johannsen, L. M., & Bergelt, C. (2021). Families Affected by Parental Cancer: Quality of Life, Impact on Children and Psychosocial Care Needs. Front Psychiatry, 12, 765327. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.765327
  • Inoue, I., Higashi, T., Iwamoto, M., Heiney, S. P., Tamaki, T., Osawa, K., Inoue, M., Shiraishi, K., Kojima, R., & Matoba, M. (2015, Dec). A national profile of the impact of parental cancer on their children in Japan. Cancer Epidemiol, 39(6), 838-841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2015.10.005
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  • Joëls, M., & Baram, T. Z. (2009, 2009/06/01). The neuro-symphony of stress. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10(6), 459-466. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2632
  • Joergensen, A. C., Kjaer Urhoj, S., & Nybo Andersen, A. M. (2018, Nov). Primary school achievement and socioeconomic attainment in individuals affected by parental cancer in childhood or adolescence: a Danish nationwide register-based study. J Epidemiol Community Health, 72(11), 982-989. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2018-210472
  • Kazlauskaite, V., & Fife, S. T. (2021). Adolescent Experience With Parental Cancer and Involvement With Medical Professionals: A Heuristic Phenomenological Inquiry. Journal of Adolescent Research, 36(4), 371-397. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558420985446
  • Krattenmacher, T., Kuhne, F., Ernst, J., Bergelt, C., Romer, G., & Moller, B. (2012, May). Parental cancer: factors associated with children's psychosocial adjustment--a systematic review. J Psychosom Res, 72(5), 344-356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.01.011
  • Landi, G., Duzen, A., Patterson, P., McDonald, F. E. J., Crocetti, E., Grandi, S., & Tossani, E. (2022, Jan). Illness unpredictability and psychosocial adjustment of adolescent and young adults impacted by parental cancer: the mediating role of unmet needs. Support Care Cancer, 30(1), 145-155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-021-06379-3
  • Marin-Chollom, A. M., & Revenson, T. A. (2022). Cultural values as a resilience resource for Latino/a adolescents and young adults coping with parental cancer. J Psychosoc Oncol, 40(1), 26-44. https://doi.org/10.1080/07347332.2021.1881197
  • Martini, A., Morris, J. N., Jackson, H. M., & Ohan, J. L. (2019, Apr). The impact of parental cancer on preadolescent children (0-11 years) in Western Australia: a longitudinal population study. Support Care Cancer, 27(4), 1229-1236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-018-4480-y
  • Moore, C. W., Rauch, P. K., Baer, L., Pirl, W. F., & Muriel, A. C. (2015). Parenting changes in adults with cancer. Cancer, 121(19), 3551-3557. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.29525
  • Morris, J. N., Martini, A., & Preen, D. (2016, Jul). The well-being of children impacted by a parent with cancer: an integrative review. Support Care Cancer, 24(7), 3235-3251. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-016-3214-2
  • Morris, J. N., Turnbull, D., Martini, A., Preen, D., & Zajac, I. (2020, Jan-Feb). Coping and its relationship to post-traumatic growth, emotion, and resilience among adolescents and young adults impacted by parental cancer. J Psychosoc Oncol, 38(1), 73-88. https://doi.org/10.1080/07347332.2019.1637384
  • Niemela, M., Paananen, R., Hakko, H., Merikukka, M., Gissler, M., & Rasanen, S. (2012, Nov 1). The prevalence of children affected by parental cancer and their use of specialized psychiatric services: the 1987 Finnish Birth Cohort study. Int J Cancer, 131(9), 2117-2125. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.27466
  • O'Neill, C., O'Neill, C. S., & Semple, C. (2020, Jun). Children Navigating Parental Cancer: Outcomes of a Psychosocial Intervention. Compr Child Adolesc Nurs, 43(2), 111-127. https://doi.org/10.1080/24694193.2019.1582727
  • Patterson, P., McDonald, F. E. J., White, K. J., Walczak, A., & Butow, P. N. (2017, Sep). Levels of unmet needs and distress amongst adolescents and young adults (AYAs) impacted by familial cancer. Psychooncology, 26(9), 1285-1292. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.4421
  • Rodriguez, L. (2019, Feb). Selective sharing: The impact of patterns of communication in young people experiencing maternal cancer. Cancer Rep (Hoboken), 2(1), e1138. https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.1138
  • Semple, C. J., & McCaughan, E. (2013, Mar). Family life when a parent is diagnosed with cancer: impact of a psychosocial intervention for young children. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl), 22(2), 219-231. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecc.12018
  • Shah, B. K., Armaly, J., & Swieter, E. (2017, Aug). Impact of Parental Cancer on Children. Anticancer Res, 37(8), 4025-4028.https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.11787
  • Shands, M. E., & Lewis, F. M. (2021, Aug). Parents With Advanced Cancer: Worries About Their Children's Unspoken Concerns. Am J Hosp Palliat Care, 38(8), 920-926. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049909120969120
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Children Of Parents With Cancer: Impacts And Approaches

Year 2024, Volume: 9 Issue: 1, 1 - 14, 29.04.2024
https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1133495

Abstract

In addition to the physical, social, and psychological problems observed in individuals diagnosed with cancer, other family members also experience more emotional and behavioral issues than patients due to disruptions in family balance, role loss, or role changes. During this process, especially children of parents with cancer are at a higher risk of developing emotional and behavioral problems. The primary reasons for these issues in children include the alteration of daily routines within the family due to the parent's illness, changes in roles at home, financial difficulties, and both parents experiencing physical and emotional burnout. Children diagnosed with a parent with cancer may encounter psychosocial effects such as anxiety, depression, aggressive behaviors, or somatic complaints, as well as cognitive and behavioral effects such as crying, insecurity, deterioration in peer relationships, withdrawal from parents, or excessive attention and an inability to concentrate at school. Additionally, physical problems such as headaches, insomnia, and loss of appetite may develop due to disruptions in daily routines and emotional symptoms. The impact of a parent's cancer on the child varies according to the child's gender, developmental stage, perception of the parent's illness, the relationship between the parent and the child, family functions, the stage of cancer, and the health status of the parent. Throughout this process, children's need for social support increases.
It is crucial for children to receive assistance in recognizing the impacts of cancer, expressing their thoughts, and obtaining social support to enhance their resilience following a parent's cancer diagnosis. The literature indicates that interventions for children with parents diagnosed with cancer are rather limited. This article aims to shed light on interventions that can mitigate the adverse effects on children with parents facing cancer, emphasizing the need for increased awareness on this subject.

Project Number

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References

  • Alexander, E., O'Connor, M., & Halkett, G. K. B. (2020, Nov). The perceived effect of parental cancer on children still living at home: According to oncology health professionals. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl), 29(6), e13321. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecc.13321
  • Alexander, E., O'Connor, M., Rees, C., & Halkett, G. (2019, Oct). A systematic review of the current interventions available to support children living with parental cancer. Patient Educ Couns, 102(10), 1812-1821. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pec.2019.05.001
  • Arber, A., & Odelius, A. (2018). Experiences of Oncology and Palliative Care Nurses When Supporting Parents Who Have Cancer and Dependent Children. Cancer Nursing, 41(3), 248-254. https://doi.org/10.1097/ncc.0000000000000491
  • Bultmann, J. C., Beierlein, V., Romer, G., Moller, B., Koch, U., & Bergelt, C. (2014, Dec 1). Parental cancer: Health-related quality of life and current psychosocial support needs of cancer survivors and their children. Int J Cancer, 135(11), 2668-2677. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.28905
  • Chen, R., Sjolander, A., Valdimarsdottir, U., Varnum, C., Almqvist, C., Ye, W., Fall, K., Czene, K., & Fang, F. (2015, Feb). Parental cancer diagnosis and child mortality--a population-based cohort study in Sweden. Cancer Epidemiol, 39(1), 79-85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2014.11.011
  • Cho, O. H., Yoo, Y. S., & Hwang, K. H. (2015, May). Comparison of parent-child communication patterns and parental role satisfaction among mothers with and without breast cancer. Appl Nurs Res, 28(2), 163-168. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apnr.2014.09.005
  • Costas-Muniz, R. (2012, Feb). Hispanic adolescents coping with parental cancer. Support Care Cancer, 20(2), 413-417. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-011-1283-9
  • Ellis, S. J., Wakefield, C. E., Antill, G., Burns, M., & Patterson, P. (2017). Supporting children facing a parent's cancer diagnosis: a systematic review of children's psychosocial needs and existing interventions. European Journal of Cancer Care, 26(1), e12432. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1111/ecc.12432
  • Hailey, C. E., Yopp, J. M., Deal, A. M., Mayer, D. K., Hanson, L. C., Grunfeld, G., Rosenstein, D. L., & Park, E. M. (2018, Jan). Communication with children about a parent's advanced cancer and measures of parental anxiety and depression: a cross-sectional mixed-methods study. Support Care Cancer, 26(1), 287-295. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-017-3847-9
  • Hauken, M. A., Senneseth, M., Dyregrov, A., & Dyregrov, K. (2018, Jan/Feb). Anxiety and the Quality of Life of Children Living With Parental Cancer. Cancer Nurs, 41(1), E19-E27. https://doi.org/10.1097/NCC.0000000000000467
  • Hauskov Graungaard, A., Hafting, M., Davidsen, A. S., & Lykke, K. (2021, Dec 28). How is my child doing - parental understanding of their children when a parent has cancer. J Psychosoc Oncol, 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1080/07347332.2021.2013386
  • Hoeg, B. L., Christensen, J., Banko, L., Frederiksen, K., Appel, C. W., Dalton, S. O., Dyregrov, A., Guldin, M. B., Jorgensen, S. E., Lytje, M., Boge, P., & Bidstrup, P. E. (2021, Jul 24). Psychotropic medication among children who experience parental death to cancer. Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00787-021-01846-y
  • Inhestern, L., Haller, A. C., Wlodarczyk, O., & Bergelt, C. (2016). Psychosocial Interventions for Families with Parental Cancer and Barriers and Facilitators to Implementation and Use - A Systematic Review. PLoS One, 11(6), e0156967. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0156967
  • Inhestern, L., Johannsen, L. M., & Bergelt, C. (2021). Families Affected by Parental Cancer: Quality of Life, Impact on Children and Psychosocial Care Needs. Front Psychiatry, 12, 765327. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.765327
  • Inoue, I., Higashi, T., Iwamoto, M., Heiney, S. P., Tamaki, T., Osawa, K., Inoue, M., Shiraishi, K., Kojima, R., & Matoba, M. (2015, Dec). A national profile of the impact of parental cancer on their children in Japan. Cancer Epidemiol, 39(6), 838-841. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.canep.2015.10.005
  • International Agency For Research on Cancer. (2020). Estimated number of prevalent cases (5-year) in 2020, all cancers, both sexes, ages 25-49. Retrieved 20.02.2022 from https://gco.iarc.fr/today/online-analysis-pie?v=2020&mode=population&mode_population=countries&population=900&populations=900&key=total&sex=0&cancer=39&type=2&statistic=5&prevalence=1&population_group=4&ages_group%5B%5D=5&ages_group%5B%5D=9&nb_items=7&group_cancer=1&include_nmsc=0&include_nmsc_other=1&population_group_list=4,51,31,48,50,64,96,116,160,275,268,356,360,364,368,376,392,400,398,408,410,414,417,418,422,458,462,496,104,524,512,586,608,634,682,702,144,760,762,764,626,792,795,784,860,704,887&half_pie=0&donut=0&population_group_globocan_id=935
  • Jantzer, V., Gross, J., Stute, F., Parzer, P., Brunner, R., Willig, K., Schuller-Roma, B., Keller, M., Herzog, W., Romer, G., & Resch, F. (2013, Nov). Risk behaviors and externalizing behaviors in adolescents dealing with parental cancer--a controlled longitudinal study. Psychooncology, 22(11), 2611-2616. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.3327
  • Joëls, M., & Baram, T. Z. (2009, 2009/06/01). The neuro-symphony of stress. Nature Reviews Neuroscience, 10(6), 459-466. https://doi.org/10.1038/nrn2632
  • Joergensen, A. C., Kjaer Urhoj, S., & Nybo Andersen, A. M. (2018, Nov). Primary school achievement and socioeconomic attainment in individuals affected by parental cancer in childhood or adolescence: a Danish nationwide register-based study. J Epidemiol Community Health, 72(11), 982-989. https://doi.org/10.1136/jech-2018-210472
  • Kazlauskaite, V., & Fife, S. T. (2021). Adolescent Experience With Parental Cancer and Involvement With Medical Professionals: A Heuristic Phenomenological Inquiry. Journal of Adolescent Research, 36(4), 371-397. https://doi.org/10.1177/0743558420985446
  • Krattenmacher, T., Kuhne, F., Ernst, J., Bergelt, C., Romer, G., & Moller, B. (2012, May). Parental cancer: factors associated with children's psychosocial adjustment--a systematic review. J Psychosom Res, 72(5), 344-356. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpsychores.2012.01.011
  • Landi, G., Duzen, A., Patterson, P., McDonald, F. E. J., Crocetti, E., Grandi, S., & Tossani, E. (2022, Jan). Illness unpredictability and psychosocial adjustment of adolescent and young adults impacted by parental cancer: the mediating role of unmet needs. Support Care Cancer, 30(1), 145-155. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-021-06379-3
  • Marin-Chollom, A. M., & Revenson, T. A. (2022). Cultural values as a resilience resource for Latino/a adolescents and young adults coping with parental cancer. J Psychosoc Oncol, 40(1), 26-44. https://doi.org/10.1080/07347332.2021.1881197
  • Martini, A., Morris, J. N., Jackson, H. M., & Ohan, J. L. (2019, Apr). The impact of parental cancer on preadolescent children (0-11 years) in Western Australia: a longitudinal population study. Support Care Cancer, 27(4), 1229-1236. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-018-4480-y
  • Moore, C. W., Rauch, P. K., Baer, L., Pirl, W. F., & Muriel, A. C. (2015). Parenting changes in adults with cancer. Cancer, 121(19), 3551-3557. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1002/cncr.29525
  • Morris, J. N., Martini, A., & Preen, D. (2016, Jul). The well-being of children impacted by a parent with cancer: an integrative review. Support Care Cancer, 24(7), 3235-3251. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00520-016-3214-2
  • Morris, J. N., Turnbull, D., Martini, A., Preen, D., & Zajac, I. (2020, Jan-Feb). Coping and its relationship to post-traumatic growth, emotion, and resilience among adolescents and young adults impacted by parental cancer. J Psychosoc Oncol, 38(1), 73-88. https://doi.org/10.1080/07347332.2019.1637384
  • Niemela, M., Paananen, R., Hakko, H., Merikukka, M., Gissler, M., & Rasanen, S. (2012, Nov 1). The prevalence of children affected by parental cancer and their use of specialized psychiatric services: the 1987 Finnish Birth Cohort study. Int J Cancer, 131(9), 2117-2125. https://doi.org/10.1002/ijc.27466
  • O'Neill, C., O'Neill, C. S., & Semple, C. (2020, Jun). Children Navigating Parental Cancer: Outcomes of a Psychosocial Intervention. Compr Child Adolesc Nurs, 43(2), 111-127. https://doi.org/10.1080/24694193.2019.1582727
  • Patterson, P., McDonald, F. E. J., White, K. J., Walczak, A., & Butow, P. N. (2017, Sep). Levels of unmet needs and distress amongst adolescents and young adults (AYAs) impacted by familial cancer. Psychooncology, 26(9), 1285-1292. https://doi.org/10.1002/pon.4421
  • Rodriguez, L. (2019, Feb). Selective sharing: The impact of patterns of communication in young people experiencing maternal cancer. Cancer Rep (Hoboken), 2(1), e1138. https://doi.org/10.1002/cnr2.1138
  • Semple, C. J., & McCaughan, E. (2013, Mar). Family life when a parent is diagnosed with cancer: impact of a psychosocial intervention for young children. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl), 22(2), 219-231. https://doi.org/10.1111/ecc.12018
  • Shah, B. K., Armaly, J., & Swieter, E. (2017, Aug). Impact of Parental Cancer on Children. Anticancer Res, 37(8), 4025-4028.https://doi.org/10.21873/anticanres.11787
  • Shands, M. E., & Lewis, F. M. (2021, Aug). Parents With Advanced Cancer: Worries About Their Children's Unspoken Concerns. Am J Hosp Palliat Care, 38(8), 920-926. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049909120969120
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There are 38 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Pediatric Health and Illnesses Nursing, Mental Health Nursing
Journal Section Review
Authors

Nevin Onan 0000-0002-3688-507X

Yeliz Taşdelen This is me 0000-0002-0444-3904

Project Number yok
Early Pub Date April 26, 2024
Publication Date April 29, 2024
Submission Date June 20, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2024 Volume: 9 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Onan, N., & Taşdelen, Y. (2024). KANSER HASTALIĞI OLAN EBEVEYNLERİN ÇOCUKLARI: ETKİLER VE YAKLAŞIMLAR. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 9(1), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1133495
AMA Onan N, Taşdelen Y. KANSER HASTALIĞI OLAN EBEVEYNLERİN ÇOCUKLARI: ETKİLER VE YAKLAŞIMLAR. JSHS. April 2024;9(1):1-14. doi:10.47115/jshs.1133495
Chicago Onan, Nevin, and Yeliz Taşdelen. “KANSER HASTALIĞI OLAN EBEVEYNLERİN ÇOCUKLARI: ETKİLER VE YAKLAŞIMLAR”. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 9, no. 1 (April 2024): 1-14. https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1133495.
EndNote Onan N, Taşdelen Y (April 1, 2024) KANSER HASTALIĞI OLAN EBEVEYNLERİN ÇOCUKLARI: ETKİLER VE YAKLAŞIMLAR. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 9 1 1–14.
IEEE N. Onan and Y. Taşdelen, “KANSER HASTALIĞI OLAN EBEVEYNLERİN ÇOCUKLARI: ETKİLER VE YAKLAŞIMLAR”, JSHS, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 1–14, 2024, doi: 10.47115/jshs.1133495.
ISNAD Onan, Nevin - Taşdelen, Yeliz. “KANSER HASTALIĞI OLAN EBEVEYNLERİN ÇOCUKLARI: ETKİLER VE YAKLAŞIMLAR”. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 9/1 (April 2024), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.47115/jshs.1133495.
JAMA Onan N, Taşdelen Y. KANSER HASTALIĞI OLAN EBEVEYNLERİN ÇOCUKLARI: ETKİLER VE YAKLAŞIMLAR. JSHS. 2024;9:1–14.
MLA Onan, Nevin and Yeliz Taşdelen. “KANSER HASTALIĞI OLAN EBEVEYNLERİN ÇOCUKLARI: ETKİLER VE YAKLAŞIMLAR”. Samsun Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, vol. 9, no. 1, 2024, pp. 1-14, doi:10.47115/jshs.1133495.
Vancouver Onan N, Taşdelen Y. KANSER HASTALIĞI OLAN EBEVEYNLERİN ÇOCUKLARI: ETKİLER VE YAKLAŞIMLAR. JSHS. 2024;9(1):1-14.

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