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Otizm Spektrum Bozukluğu ile Dikkat Eksikliği Hiperaktivite Bozukluğu Olan Çocuklarda Apoptotik Hücre Tabanlı Sistemik Nötrofil-Lenfosit Oranı

Year 2021, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 74 - 81, 11.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.737628

Abstract

Amaç: Son yıllarda, Nötrofil / Lenfosit oranının (NLR) sistemik inflamasyonun bir belirteci olduğu gösterilmiştir ve maligniteler ve kronik inflamatuar hastalıklar gibi birçok hastalıkta prognoz ile ilişkilidir. Önceki çalışmalara dayanarak, NLR ve hücresel morfolojik mekanizmanın inflamasyonla ilişkili hastalıklarda dikkat eksikliği hiperaktivite bozukluğu (DHB) ve otizm spektrum bozuklukları (ASD)’nın birlikte çalışıldığı bir bulgu yoktur. Araştırmamızda bu parametrelerin nörogelişimsel bozukluklar etiyopatogenezine etkisini ve ilişkisini değerlendirdik.

Gereç ve Yöntem: DHB ve ASD tanısı alan 30 sağlıklı ve 30 hasta, üçüncü basamak bir hastanede psikiyatri kliniğinde değerlendirildi. Tüm gruplarda hemogram profiline bakılarak NLR sayısı istatistiksel olarak karşılaştırıldı. Ayrıca hücrelerin apoptotik evresini belirlemek üzere 2 farklı yöntemle boyandı. DHB, ASD ve kontrol grubunun apoptotik mekanizması karşılaştırılabilir şekilde görüntülendi.

Bulgular: DHB ve ASD tanısı alan hastalarda NLR değerleri kontrole kıyasla anlamlı derecede yüksekti; lenfosit sayısı hasta gruplarında anlamlı olarak düşük bulundu. Apoptotik morfoloji, hastalık artışı derecesi ile korele olarak farklılık gösterdi.

Sonuç: Bu parametre, psikiyatrik hastalıklara yakalanma riski olan durumlarda, erken tanıda kolay uygulanabilir bir yöntem olarak kullanılabilir. Nötrofil/Lenfosit oranının apoptotik görüntüleme ile pozitif ilişkisi, nörodejeneratif patolojilerde hücresel bozulmanın bir belirtecini gösterir.

References

  • 1. Biederman J, Faraone SV. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Lancet, 2005;366:237-248. 2. Rohde LA . Is there a need to reformulate attention deficit hyperactivity disorder criteria in future nosologic classifications? Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America 2008; 17:405-420. 3. Faraone SV., Perlis RH., Doyle AE., Smoller JW., Goralnick JJ., Holmgren MA., Sklar P. Molecular genetics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 2005;57:1313-1323. 4. Nikolas MA., Burt SA. Genetic and environmental influences on ADHD symptom dimensions of inattention and hyperactivity: A meta-analysis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2010;119:1–17. 5. Acar T, Adıbelli Z. Nötrofil/Lenfosit Oranının Abdominal Yağ Dağılımı, Karaciğer Yağlanması ve Karaciğer Hacmine Olan Etkisi, Konuralp Tıp Dergisi, 2017;9(2):73-77. 6. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC. 2013 7. Freitag M, Staal W, Klauck M, Duketis E, Waltes R. Genetics of autistic disorders: review and clinical implications, Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 2010; 19(3):169-178. 8. Lichtenstein P, Carlström E, Råstam M, Gillberg C, Anckarsäter H. The genetics of autism spectrum disorders and related neuropsychiatric disorders in childhood. Am J Psychiatry, 2010;167(11):1357-63 9. Noriega DB, Savelkoul HF. Immune dysregulation in autism spectrum disorder. Eur J Pediatr, 2014;173(1):33-43 10. Grzadzinski R, Martino A, Brady E, Mairena M, O'Neale M, Petkova E, Lord C, Castellanos F. Examining autistic traits in children with ADHD: Does the Autism Spectrum Extend to ADHD? J Autism Dev Disord. 2011; 41(9):1178–1191. 11. Gottfried F. Laboratory-Scale Method for Estimating Explosive Performance from Laser-Induced Shock Waves. 2015; DOI: 10.1002/prep.201400302. 12. Ceylan MF, Sener S, Cavunt Bayraktar A, Kavutcu M. Changes in oxidative stress and cellular immunity serum markers in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 2012; 66: 220–226 13. Buske-Kirschbaum A, Schmitt J, Plessow F, Romanos M, Weidinger S, Roessner V. Psychoendocrine and psychoneuroimmunological mechanisms in the comorbidity of atopic eczema and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2013; 38: 12-23. 14. Turan Sönmez F, Güneş H, Sönmez CI, Kandiş H, Sarıtaş A. Mean Platelet Volume as A Predictor in Acute Appendicitis. Medical Science, 2016; 5(6):223-225. 15. Zahorec R. Ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte counts--rapid and simple parameter of systemic inflammation and stress in critically ill. Bratisl Lek Listy, 2001; 102(1):5-14. 16. Balta S, Yildirim O, Ozturk C. Red Cell Distribution Width and Coronary Artery Calcification, Korean Circ J, 2016; 46(2):270–272. 17. Sunbul E, Sunbul M, Yanartas O, Cengiz F, Bozbay M, Sari İ, Gulec H. Increased Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients with Depression is Correlated with the Severity of Depression and Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Psychiatry Investig, 2016; 13(1):121–126. 18. Kayhan F, Gündüz Ş, Ersoy S, Kandeğer A, Annagür B. Relationships of neutrophil–lymphocyte and platelet–lymphocyte ratios with the severity of major depression. Psychiatry Research 2017; 247:332–335. 19. Bolu A, Balta Ş, Unlu M, Demirkol S, Ozturk C. The Relatıon Between Neutrophıl–Lymphocyte Ratıo And Schızophrenıa, Psychiatria Danubina, 2015; 27(1):75-76. 20. Shidham VB, Swami VK. Evaluation of Apoptotic Leukocytes in Peripheral Blood Smears, Arch Pathol Lab Med, 2000; 124. 21. Archana M, Yogesh B, Kumaraswamy KL. Various methods available for detection of apoptotic cells- A review, Indian J of Cancer, 2013;DOI: 10.4103/0019-509X.118720 22. He W, Yin C, Guo G, et al. Initial neutrophil lymphocyte ratio is superior to platelet lymphocyte ratio as an adverse prognostic and predictive factor in metastatic colorectal cancer. Med Oncol, 2013; 30:439. 23. Tamhane UU, Aneja S, Montgomery D, et al. Association between admission neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Am J Cardiol, 2008; 102:653-657. 24. Garcea G, Ladwa N, Neal CP, Metcalfe MS, Dennison AR, Berry DP. Preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is associated with reduced disease-free survival following curative resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. World J Surg, 2011; 35: 868-9. 25. Kim US, Papatestas AE, Aufseses AH Jr. Prognostic significance of peripheral lymphocyte counts and carcinoembryonic antigens in colorectal carcinoma. J Surg Oncol, 1976; 8:257–62. 26. Cho H, Hur HW, Kim SW, Kim SH, Kim JH, Kim YT, Lee K. Pre-treatment neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is elevated in epithelial ovarian cancer and predicts survival after treatment. Cancer Immunother 2009; 58:15–23. 27. Rodriguez-Carrio J, Alperi-Lopez M, Lopez P, et al. Red cell distribution width is associated with cardiovascular risk and disease parameters in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology, 2015; 54:641-646. 28. Mallappa S, Sinha A, Gupta S, Chadwick S. Preoperative neutrophil lymphocyte ratio greater than five is a prognostic factor for recurrent colorectal cancer. Colorectal Dis, 2013; 15:323–328. 29. Xue TC, Zhang L, Xie XY, et al. Prognostic significance of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in primary liver cancer: A meta-analysis. PLoS One ; 2014; 9:e96072 30. Zahorec R. Ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte counts- Rapid and simple parameter of systemic inflammation and stress in critically ill. Bratisl Lek Listy, 2001; 102:5-14 31. Zen K, Parkos C. Leucocyte-epithelial interactions. Curr Opin Cell Biol, 2003; 15:557-564 32. Aydın İ, Agıllı M, Aydın N et al. Farklı yaş gruplarında nötrofil/lenfosit oranı referans aralıkları. Gülhane Tıp Derg, 2015; 57: 414-418 33. Tyther R, O’Brien J, Wang J, Redmond HP, Shorten G. Effect of sevoflurane on human neutrophil apoptosis. Eur J Anaesthesiol, 2003; 20:111-5. 34. Cohen JJ. Programmed cell death in the immune system. Adv Immunol, 1991; 50:55. 35. Depino AM. Peripheral and central inflammation in autism spectrum disorders. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2013; 53:69-76. 36. José Manuel López-Cacho, Gallardo S. Characterization of immune cell phenotypes in adults with autism spectrum disorders. J of investigative med, 2016; DOI: 10.1136/jim-2016-000070 37. Bjørklund G, Saad K, Chirumbolo S. Immune dysfunction and neuroinflammation in autism spectrum disorder, Acta Neurobiol Exp 2016; 76: 257–268. 38. Ünal M, Küçük A, Ünal G, Balevi B, Tol H, Aykol C, Uyar M. Psoriasiste ortalama trombosit hacmi, nötrofil/lenfosit oranı ve trombosit/lenfosit oranı, Turkderm 2015; 49: 112-6.

The systemic cell apoptotic-based neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio: Experience in children diagnosed with ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder

Year 2021, Volume: 13 Issue: 1, 74 - 81, 11.03.2021
https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.737628

Abstract

Objective: In recent years, the rate of Neutrophil/Lymphocyte ratio (NLR) has been shown to be a marker of systemic inflammation and is associated with prognosis in many diseases like malignancies and chronic inflammatory diseases. Based on previous studies, there is not any finding that the NLR and cellular morphological mechanism studied together in inflammation-related diseases; attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD) and autism spectrum disorders(ASD). We assessed the effect and association of these parameters on the etiopathogenesis of neurodevelopmental disorders.

Material and Method: 30 healthy and 30 patients who were diagnosed with ADHD and ASD were evaluated in the psychiatry department at a tertiary hospital. In whole groups, the hemogram profile have been analyzed. NLR number was statistically compared. However, the apoptotic stage of cells were stained with 2 different methods. Apoptotic mechanisms of ADHD, ASD and control group were comparably displayed.

Results: NLR values in patients diagnosed with ADHD and ASD were significantly higher compare to control; lymphocyte count was found significantly lower level in patient groups. Apoptotic morphology becomes evident as the degree of disease increment.

Conclusion: This parameter can be used as an easily applicable method is estimated to be at risk for psychiatric diseases. The positive association of NLR with apoptotic imaging indicates a marker of cellular degradation with neurodegenerative disorders.

References

  • 1. Biederman J, Faraone SV. Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, Lancet, 2005;366:237-248. 2. Rohde LA . Is there a need to reformulate attention deficit hyperactivity disorder criteria in future nosologic classifications? Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Clinics of North America 2008; 17:405-420. 3. Faraone SV., Perlis RH., Doyle AE., Smoller JW., Goralnick JJ., Holmgren MA., Sklar P. Molecular genetics of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Biological Psychiatry, 2005;57:1313-1323. 4. Nikolas MA., Burt SA. Genetic and environmental influences on ADHD symptom dimensions of inattention and hyperactivity: A meta-analysis. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 2010;119:1–17. 5. Acar T, Adıbelli Z. Nötrofil/Lenfosit Oranının Abdominal Yağ Dağılımı, Karaciğer Yağlanması ve Karaciğer Hacmine Olan Etkisi, Konuralp Tıp Dergisi, 2017;9(2):73-77. 6. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th ed. American Psychiatric Association, Washington, DC. 2013 7. Freitag M, Staal W, Klauck M, Duketis E, Waltes R. Genetics of autistic disorders: review and clinical implications, Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry, 2010; 19(3):169-178. 8. Lichtenstein P, Carlström E, Råstam M, Gillberg C, Anckarsäter H. The genetics of autism spectrum disorders and related neuropsychiatric disorders in childhood. Am J Psychiatry, 2010;167(11):1357-63 9. Noriega DB, Savelkoul HF. Immune dysregulation in autism spectrum disorder. Eur J Pediatr, 2014;173(1):33-43 10. Grzadzinski R, Martino A, Brady E, Mairena M, O'Neale M, Petkova E, Lord C, Castellanos F. Examining autistic traits in children with ADHD: Does the Autism Spectrum Extend to ADHD? J Autism Dev Disord. 2011; 41(9):1178–1191. 11. Gottfried F. Laboratory-Scale Method for Estimating Explosive Performance from Laser-Induced Shock Waves. 2015; DOI: 10.1002/prep.201400302. 12. Ceylan MF, Sener S, Cavunt Bayraktar A, Kavutcu M. Changes in oxidative stress and cellular immunity serum markers in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 2012; 66: 220–226 13. Buske-Kirschbaum A, Schmitt J, Plessow F, Romanos M, Weidinger S, Roessner V. Psychoendocrine and psychoneuroimmunological mechanisms in the comorbidity of atopic eczema and attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2013; 38: 12-23. 14. Turan Sönmez F, Güneş H, Sönmez CI, Kandiş H, Sarıtaş A. Mean Platelet Volume as A Predictor in Acute Appendicitis. Medical Science, 2016; 5(6):223-225. 15. Zahorec R. Ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte counts--rapid and simple parameter of systemic inflammation and stress in critically ill. Bratisl Lek Listy, 2001; 102(1):5-14. 16. Balta S, Yildirim O, Ozturk C. Red Cell Distribution Width and Coronary Artery Calcification, Korean Circ J, 2016; 46(2):270–272. 17. Sunbul E, Sunbul M, Yanartas O, Cengiz F, Bozbay M, Sari İ, Gulec H. Increased Neutrophil/Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients with Depression is Correlated with the Severity of Depression and Cardiovascular Risk Factors, Psychiatry Investig, 2016; 13(1):121–126. 18. Kayhan F, Gündüz Ş, Ersoy S, Kandeğer A, Annagür B. Relationships of neutrophil–lymphocyte and platelet–lymphocyte ratios with the severity of major depression. Psychiatry Research 2017; 247:332–335. 19. Bolu A, Balta Ş, Unlu M, Demirkol S, Ozturk C. The Relatıon Between Neutrophıl–Lymphocyte Ratıo And Schızophrenıa, Psychiatria Danubina, 2015; 27(1):75-76. 20. Shidham VB, Swami VK. Evaluation of Apoptotic Leukocytes in Peripheral Blood Smears, Arch Pathol Lab Med, 2000; 124. 21. Archana M, Yogesh B, Kumaraswamy KL. Various methods available for detection of apoptotic cells- A review, Indian J of Cancer, 2013;DOI: 10.4103/0019-509X.118720 22. He W, Yin C, Guo G, et al. Initial neutrophil lymphocyte ratio is superior to platelet lymphocyte ratio as an adverse prognostic and predictive factor in metastatic colorectal cancer. Med Oncol, 2013; 30:439. 23. Tamhane UU, Aneja S, Montgomery D, et al. Association between admission neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio and outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome. Am J Cardiol, 2008; 102:653-657. 24. Garcea G, Ladwa N, Neal CP, Metcalfe MS, Dennison AR, Berry DP. Preoperative neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio (NLR) is associated with reduced disease-free survival following curative resection of pancreatic adenocarcinoma. World J Surg, 2011; 35: 868-9. 25. Kim US, Papatestas AE, Aufseses AH Jr. Prognostic significance of peripheral lymphocyte counts and carcinoembryonic antigens in colorectal carcinoma. J Surg Oncol, 1976; 8:257–62. 26. Cho H, Hur HW, Kim SW, Kim SH, Kim JH, Kim YT, Lee K. Pre-treatment neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio is elevated in epithelial ovarian cancer and predicts survival after treatment. Cancer Immunother 2009; 58:15–23. 27. Rodriguez-Carrio J, Alperi-Lopez M, Lopez P, et al. Red cell distribution width is associated with cardiovascular risk and disease parameters in rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology, 2015; 54:641-646. 28. Mallappa S, Sinha A, Gupta S, Chadwick S. Preoperative neutrophil lymphocyte ratio greater than five is a prognostic factor for recurrent colorectal cancer. Colorectal Dis, 2013; 15:323–328. 29. Xue TC, Zhang L, Xie XY, et al. Prognostic significance of the neutrophil to lymphocyte ratio in primary liver cancer: A meta-analysis. PLoS One ; 2014; 9:e96072 30. Zahorec R. Ratio of neutrophil to lymphocyte counts- Rapid and simple parameter of systemic inflammation and stress in critically ill. Bratisl Lek Listy, 2001; 102:5-14 31. Zen K, Parkos C. Leucocyte-epithelial interactions. Curr Opin Cell Biol, 2003; 15:557-564 32. Aydın İ, Agıllı M, Aydın N et al. Farklı yaş gruplarında nötrofil/lenfosit oranı referans aralıkları. Gülhane Tıp Derg, 2015; 57: 414-418 33. Tyther R, O’Brien J, Wang J, Redmond HP, Shorten G. Effect of sevoflurane on human neutrophil apoptosis. Eur J Anaesthesiol, 2003; 20:111-5. 34. Cohen JJ. Programmed cell death in the immune system. Adv Immunol, 1991; 50:55. 35. Depino AM. Peripheral and central inflammation in autism spectrum disorders. Mol Cell Neurosci. 2013; 53:69-76. 36. José Manuel López-Cacho, Gallardo S. Characterization of immune cell phenotypes in adults with autism spectrum disorders. J of investigative med, 2016; DOI: 10.1136/jim-2016-000070 37. Bjørklund G, Saad K, Chirumbolo S. Immune dysfunction and neuroinflammation in autism spectrum disorder, Acta Neurobiol Exp 2016; 76: 257–268. 38. Ünal M, Küçük A, Ünal G, Balevi B, Tol H, Aykol C, Uyar M. Psoriasiste ortalama trombosit hacmi, nötrofil/lenfosit oranı ve trombosit/lenfosit oranı, Turkderm 2015; 49: 112-6.
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Articles
Authors

Merve Alpay 0000-0002-8782-9561

Çiğdem Yektaş 0000-0002-5951-7253

Kayihan Karacor 0000-0002-5646-2226

Publication Date March 11, 2021
Acceptance Date November 13, 2020
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 13 Issue: 1

Cite

APA Alpay, M., Yektaş, Ç., & Karacor, K. (2021). The systemic cell apoptotic-based neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio: Experience in children diagnosed with ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Konuralp Medical Journal, 13(1), 74-81. https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.737628
AMA Alpay M, Yektaş Ç, Karacor K. The systemic cell apoptotic-based neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio: Experience in children diagnosed with ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Konuralp Medical Journal. March 2021;13(1):74-81. doi:10.18521/ktd.737628
Chicago Alpay, Merve, Çiğdem Yektaş, and Kayihan Karacor. “The Systemic Cell Apoptotic-Based neutrophil–lymphocyte Ratio: Experience in Children Diagnosed With ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder”. Konuralp Medical Journal 13, no. 1 (March 2021): 74-81. https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.737628.
EndNote Alpay M, Yektaş Ç, Karacor K (March 1, 2021) The systemic cell apoptotic-based neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio: Experience in children diagnosed with ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Konuralp Medical Journal 13 1 74–81.
IEEE M. Alpay, Ç. Yektaş, and K. Karacor, “The systemic cell apoptotic-based neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio: Experience in children diagnosed with ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder”, Konuralp Medical Journal, vol. 13, no. 1, pp. 74–81, 2021, doi: 10.18521/ktd.737628.
ISNAD Alpay, Merve et al. “The Systemic Cell Apoptotic-Based neutrophil–lymphocyte Ratio: Experience in Children Diagnosed With ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder”. Konuralp Medical Journal 13/1 (March 2021), 74-81. https://doi.org/10.18521/ktd.737628.
JAMA Alpay M, Yektaş Ç, Karacor K. The systemic cell apoptotic-based neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio: Experience in children diagnosed with ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Konuralp Medical Journal. 2021;13:74–81.
MLA Alpay, Merve et al. “The Systemic Cell Apoptotic-Based neutrophil–lymphocyte Ratio: Experience in Children Diagnosed With ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder”. Konuralp Medical Journal, vol. 13, no. 1, 2021, pp. 74-81, doi:10.18521/ktd.737628.
Vancouver Alpay M, Yektaş Ç, Karacor K. The systemic cell apoptotic-based neutrophil–lymphocyte ratio: Experience in children diagnosed with ADHD and Autism Spectrum Disorder. Konuralp Medical Journal. 2021;13(1):74-81.