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Yumurtacı Tavuklarda Kekik (Oregano) ve L-karnitin’in Yem Katkısı Olarak Alternatif Zorlamalı Tüy Dökümü Programında Kullanılması

Year 2018, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 434 - 446, 15.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.442717

Abstract

Bu araştırma, yem
çekmeli zorlamalı tüy dökümü programına alternatif olabileceği düşünülen yonca
unu esaslı ve düşük Na-Ca ihtiva eden zorlanım yemi kullanılarak yapılan
zorlamalı tüy dökümü programlarının ve zorlanım periyodunda yem katkı maddesi
olarak toz formda L-karnitin ve kekik bitkisinin, zorlanım dönemi parametreleri
üzerine etkilerini belirlemek amacı ile gerçekleştirilmiştir. Deneme, zorlanım uygulanmayan ve yem katkı maddeleri
kullanılmayan bir negatif kontrol grubu (K);
biri yem çekmeli olmak üzere 3 adet zorlamalı tüy dökümü metodu uygulanan
deneme grupları (M: Mermer tozu, A: Yonca, F: Düşük sodyum-kalsiyumlu yem), zorlanım uygulanan gruplara yem
ilavesi olarak L-karnitin (C) (100
ppm) ve kurutulmuş kekik (O) (%5)
tozunun belirlenen oranlarda ayrı ayrı (MC,
AC, FC, MO, AO, FO
) ve birlikte kullanıldığı (50 ppm; %2,5) gruplar (MCO, ACO, FCO,) olmak üzere, her grupta
6 tekerrür ve tekerrür gruplarında 15 adet hayvan olacak şekilde 13 grupta
toplam 1170 tavuk üzerinde yürütülmüştür.
Deneme ilk 14 gün alıştırma, 22 gün zorlanım
dönemi olacak şekilde toplam 36 gün boyunca sürdürülmüştür. Araştırmada, yonca
unu ile yapılan kalitatif yem kısıtlaması ile canlı ağırlık kaybının %30’u
geçtiği ve 11 gün açlığın sağladığı canlı ağırlık kaybından daha fazla canlı
ağırlık kaybına neden olduğu tesbit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, yonca ununun, yem
çekme metoduna alternatif olabileceği, bilhassa yonca ununa L-karnitin ve kekik
bitkisinin bir arada katılmasının performans üzerine olumlu etkiler gösterdiği
kanısına varılmıştır. 

References

  • Alodan MA, Mashaly, MM. Effect of Induced Molting in Laying Hens on Production and Immune Paramaters. Poult. Sci. 1999; 78: 171- 177.
  • AOAC Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 14 th ed., Inc., Arlington, Virginia. 1984.
  • Aygun A, Yetisir R. Effects of Hen Age and Force Molting Programs on Some Egg Quality Traits in Laying Hens. Selcuk J Agr Food Sci, 2014.28(2):58-62
  • Baratta MT, Dorman HJD, Deans SG, Biondi DM, Ruberto G. Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidative activity of laurel, sage, rosemary, oregano and coriander essential oils. J. Essent. Oil Res.1998;10:618-627.
  • Bell DD, Kuney DR. Effect of fasting and post-fast diets on performance in molted flocks. J. Appl. Poult. Res.1992; 1:200–206.
  • Bell DD. Is molting still a viable replacement alternative. Poult. Trib.1987; 93:32-35.
  • Bell DD. An alternative molting procedure. UC research for Non-feed-removal molting. (A supplement to “Farm Evaluation of Alternative Molting Procedures”: Bell, D.D., and D.R. Kuney, (2004). J. Appl. Poult. Res. 13: 673-679). 2005;[web: http://animalscience.ucdavis.edu/avian/pip41.pdf].Erişim: 08/2011.
  • Berry WD. The physiology of induced molting. Poult. Sci.2003; 82: 971-980.
  • Beutler E. Gelbart T, Pegelow C. Erythrocyte glutathionesynthetase deficiency leads not only to glutathione but also toglutathione-S-transferase deficiency. J. Clin. Invest.1986; 77: 38-41.
  • Biggs PE, Persia ME, Koelkebeck KW, Parsons CM. Further evaluation of nonfeed removal methods for molting programs. Poult. Sci.2004; 83:745-752
  • Biggs PE, Douglas MW, Koelkebeck KW, Parsons CM. Evaluation of nonfeed removal methods for molting programs. Poult. Sci. 2003; 82:749–753.
  • Brake JT. Mechanisms of and metabolic requirements for complete and rapid reproductive rejuvenation during an induced molt—a brief review. Ornis Scand. 1992; 23:335–339.
  • Brake JT. Recent advances in induced molting. Poult. Sci.1993; 72:929–931.
  • Buyse J, Janssens GP, Decuypere E. The effects of dietary L-carnitine supplementation on the performance, organ weights and circulating hormone and metabolite concentrations of broiler chickens reared under a normal or low temperature schedule, Brit. Poult. Sci. 2001; 42 (2): 230-241.
  • Donalson LM, Kim, WK, Woodward CL, Herrera P, Kubena LF, Nisbet DJ, Ricke SC. Utilizing different ration of alfalfa and layer ratios for molt induction and performance in commercial laying hens. Poult. Sci. 2005; 84:362–369.
  • Draper HH, Mcgirr LG, Hadley M. The metabolism ofmalondialdehyde. Lipids.1986; 21, 305-307.
  • Ergün A, Tuncer ŞD, Colpan I, Yalcin S, Yildiz G, Kucukersan MK, Kucukersan S, Sehu A, Yemler Yem Hijyeni ve Tek. 2004; 2. Baskı, Ankara, Pozitif Mat. ISB: 975-97808-0-1pp:263-305.
  • Gulhan T, Oztabak K, Hasret D, Toker N, Matur E. The effect of vitamin E on cellular immune responses in laying hens forced-moulted by different methods. Arch. Geflügelk. 2006;70 (1): 28–34.
  • Harmayer J.The physiological role of L-carnitine. Lohmann Information.2002; 27:1-8.
  • Hrnčár C, Verguliaková S, Svorad P, Weis J, Arpášová H, Mindek S, Fik M, Bujko J. 2015; Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on fattening and carcass parameters of broiler chickens
  • Kakhki RAM, Mousavi Z,Anderson KE.An appraisal of moulting on post-moult egg production and egg weight distribution in white layer hens; meta-analysis.Brit. Poult.Sci. 2018.59 (3). DOI:10.1080/00071668.2018.1432032
  • Hurwitz S, Wax E, Nisenbaum Y, BenMoshe M, Plavnik I. The response of laying hens to induced molt as affected by strain and age. Poult. Sci. 1998; 77:22–31.
  • Kim WK., Donalson LM, Michell AD, Kubena LF, Nisbet DJ, Ricke SC. Effects of alfalfa and fructooligosaccharide on molting parameters and bone qualities using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and conventional bone assays. Poult Sci.2006; 85:15-20.
  • Kim WK, Donalson LM, Bloomfield SA, Hogan HA, Kubena LF, Nisbet DJ, Ricke SC. Molt Performance and Bone Density of Cortical, Medullary, and Cancellous Bone in Laying Hens during Feed Restriction or Alfalfa-based Feed Molt. J. Poult. Sci.2007; 86:1821-1830.
  • Koelkebeck KW, Anderson KE. Molting layers-Alternative methods and their effectiveness. Poultry Sci. 2007; 86: 1260-1264.
  • Koracevıc D, Koracevıc G, Djordjevıc V, Andrejevıc S, Cosıc V. Method for the measurement of antioxidant activity in human fluids. J. Clin. Path. 2001; 54:356-361.Kubena LF, Byrd JA, Moore RW, Ricke SC, Nisbet DJ. Effects of drinking water treatment on susceptibility of laying hens to Salmonella enteritidis during forced molt. Poult. Sci. 2005; 84(2):204-211.
  • Kucukyilmaz K, Erensayın C, Orhan H. Zorlamalı tüy döktürülen yumurta tavuklarında değişik açlık sürelerinin yumurta verim performansı ile yumurta iç ve kabuk kalite kriterleri üzerine etkileri. Akdeniz Üniv Ziraat Fak Derg, 2003; 16(2):199-210.
  • Lambert RJW, Skandamis PN, Coote1 PJ, Nychas GJE, A study of the minimuminhibitory concentration and mode of action of oregano essential oil, thymol and carvacrol. J.Appl. Microbiol.2001; 91:453-462.
  • Landers, K. L., Moore, R. W., Dunkley, C. S., Herrera, P., Kim, W. K., Landers, D. A., Howard ZR, McReynolds JL, Byrd JA, Kubena LF, Nisbet DJ, Ricke SC. Immunological cell and serum metabolite response of 60-week-old commercial laying hens to an alfalfa meal molt diet. Bioresour. Technol. 2008; 99(3):604-608.
  • Landers KL, Howard ZR, Woodward CL, Birkhold SG, Ricke SC. Potential of alfalfa as an alternative molt induction diet for laying hens: Egg quality and consumer acceptability. Bioresour. Technol. 2005b; 96:907–911.
  • Lien TF, Horng YM. The effect of supplementary dietary L-carnitine on the growth performance, serum components, carcass traits and enzyme activities in relation to fatty acid beta-oxidation of broiler chickens, Brit. Poult. Sci. 2001;42 (1): 92-95.
  • Mazzuco H, Hester PY. The effect of an induced molt using a nonfasting program on bone mineralization of White Leghorns. Poult. Sci. 2005; 84:1483-1490.
  • McCormick CC, Cunningham DL. Performance and physiological profiles of high dietary zinc and fasting as methods of inducing a forced rest: A direct comparison. Poult. Sci.1987; 66:1007–1013.
  • McCormick CC, Cunningham DL Forced resting by high dietary zinc: Tissue zinc accumulation and reproductive organ weight changes. Poult. Sci.1984; 63:1207–1212.
  • McReynolds JL, Moore RW, Kubena LF, Byrd JA, Woodward CL, Nisbet DJ, Ricke SC. Effect of various combinations of alfalfa and Standard layer diet on susceptibility of laying hens to Salmonella enteritidis during forced molt. Poult Sci. 2006; 85(7):1123-8.
  • Minoura M, Ohguchi H, Ito H, Noda K, Kato Y. Investigation on induced molting without fasting by feeding the diets which were mainly composed of the wheat bran or the deffatted rice bran in hens. Research Bulletin of the Aichi-ken Agricultural Research Center, 2005; 31: 173-179 (sum.).
  • Molino AB, Garcia EA, Berto DA, Pelícia K, Silva AP, Vercese F. The effects of alternative forced-molting methods on the performance and egg quality of commercial layers. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science.2009; 11,2: 109 – 113.
  • NRC 1994. (National Research Council) Nutrient requirement of poultry. 9th Revised Edition, National Academy Pres, Washington, DC.
  • Petek M. Değişik Zorlamalı Tüy Dökümü Programlarının Ticari Yumurtacı Tavuklarda Başlıca Verimler Üzerine Etkisi. U.Ü.Vet. Fak. Derg. 2001;20: 39-44.
  • Rabie MH, Szilagyi M, Gippert T, Votisky E, Gerendai D. Influence of dietary L-carnitine on performance and carcass quality of broiler chickens. Acta. Biol. Hung.1997a; 48: 241-252.
  • Ruszler, P. (1998). Health and husbandry considerations of induced molting. Poult. Sci. 77, 1789–1793.
  • Sandhu MA, Rahman ZU, Rahman SU, Hassan IJ. Dynamics of innate immun response in Gallus domesticus using two methods of induced molting. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 2007;120:106-114.
  • SAS 2002. JMPTM5.0.1a Statistical and Graphic Guide. A Business Unit of SAS 1989-2002. Cary, NC, USA.
  • Si H, Hu J, Liu Z, Zeng ZL. Antibacterial e¡ectof oregano essential oil alone and in combination withantibiotics against xtended-spectrum-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli. FEMS Immunol. Med. Mic. 2008; 53:190-194.
  • Senkoylu, N. 2001. Modern Tavuk Üretimi 3. Baskı, Anadolu Matbaası, ISBN: 975-93691-2-5, Bölüm:14, Tekirdağ.
  • Szabo A, Febel H, Mezes M, Horn P, Balogh K, Romvari R. Differential utilization of hepatic and myocardial fatty acids during forced molt of laying hens. Poult. Sci. 2005; 84:106-112.
  • Turkoglu M, Arda M, Yetisir R, Sarica M, Ersayin C. 1997 “Tavukçuluk Bilimi”, Otak Form Ofset, ISBN: 975-94647-0-5, Samsun.
  • Webster AB. Physiology and behaviorof the hen during induced molt. Poult Sci,2003; 82:992-1002.
  • Xu ZR, Wang MQ, Mao HX, Hu CH. Effect of L-Carnitine on growth performans, carcass composition and metabolism of lipid in male broilers, Poult. Sci. 2003; 82: 408-413.
  • Zhai W. 2007. The effect of L-carnitine supplementation on reproductive traits of White leghorns, phD thesis, Purdue University-USA.

The Use of L-Carnitine and Oregano As Feed Additives in Alternative Forced Molting Programmes in Laying Hens

Year 2018, Volume: 11 Issue: 4, 434 - 446, 15.12.2018
https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.442717

Abstract

This research was carried out in order to
determine the effects of forced molting programs induced by feeding the hens an
alfalfa based and low Na-Ca induction feed as an alternative to forced molting program
with feed withdrawal and the effect of L-carnitine and Oregano plant in powder
form as feed additives on the induction period parameters. A total of 1170
birds were divided into 13 groups.
The trial was continued for a total of 36 days, with the first 14 days
of adaptation and 22 days of force molting.

A negative
control group (K) which was neither
forced molted nor provided with any feed additive substances in their diets
Moreover, other three treatment groups (M:
Marbel powder, Y: Alfalfa, F: Low Ca-Na diet), were forced molted
and one withhold feeding group was used for the study; the forced molted groups
were supplied L-carnitine (C) (100
ppm) and dried oregano leaves (O)
(5%) as a feed additive in designed individual diets (MC, AC, FC, MO, AO, FO )
alone and in combination (50 ppm; 2.5%) in groups (MCO, ACO, FCO).
In the light of this data it could be said that the
live weight loss achieved with qualitative alfalfa meal feed restriction
exceeds 30% and exceeds the live weight loss ensured by an 11 day feed
withdrawal. Based on these parameters it is concluded
that supplementing feed additives into alfalfa meal could be an alternative to
the feed withdrawal method and alfalfa meal with a combination of L-carnitine
and oregano plant has a positive impact on performance. 

References

  • Alodan MA, Mashaly, MM. Effect of Induced Molting in Laying Hens on Production and Immune Paramaters. Poult. Sci. 1999; 78: 171- 177.
  • AOAC Official Methods of Analysis of the Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 14 th ed., Inc., Arlington, Virginia. 1984.
  • Aygun A, Yetisir R. Effects of Hen Age and Force Molting Programs on Some Egg Quality Traits in Laying Hens. Selcuk J Agr Food Sci, 2014.28(2):58-62
  • Baratta MT, Dorman HJD, Deans SG, Biondi DM, Ruberto G. Chemical composition, antimicrobial and antioxidative activity of laurel, sage, rosemary, oregano and coriander essential oils. J. Essent. Oil Res.1998;10:618-627.
  • Bell DD, Kuney DR. Effect of fasting and post-fast diets on performance in molted flocks. J. Appl. Poult. Res.1992; 1:200–206.
  • Bell DD. Is molting still a viable replacement alternative. Poult. Trib.1987; 93:32-35.
  • Bell DD. An alternative molting procedure. UC research for Non-feed-removal molting. (A supplement to “Farm Evaluation of Alternative Molting Procedures”: Bell, D.D., and D.R. Kuney, (2004). J. Appl. Poult. Res. 13: 673-679). 2005;[web: http://animalscience.ucdavis.edu/avian/pip41.pdf].Erişim: 08/2011.
  • Berry WD. The physiology of induced molting. Poult. Sci.2003; 82: 971-980.
  • Beutler E. Gelbart T, Pegelow C. Erythrocyte glutathionesynthetase deficiency leads not only to glutathione but also toglutathione-S-transferase deficiency. J. Clin. Invest.1986; 77: 38-41.
  • Biggs PE, Persia ME, Koelkebeck KW, Parsons CM. Further evaluation of nonfeed removal methods for molting programs. Poult. Sci.2004; 83:745-752
  • Biggs PE, Douglas MW, Koelkebeck KW, Parsons CM. Evaluation of nonfeed removal methods for molting programs. Poult. Sci. 2003; 82:749–753.
  • Brake JT. Mechanisms of and metabolic requirements for complete and rapid reproductive rejuvenation during an induced molt—a brief review. Ornis Scand. 1992; 23:335–339.
  • Brake JT. Recent advances in induced molting. Poult. Sci.1993; 72:929–931.
  • Buyse J, Janssens GP, Decuypere E. The effects of dietary L-carnitine supplementation on the performance, organ weights and circulating hormone and metabolite concentrations of broiler chickens reared under a normal or low temperature schedule, Brit. Poult. Sci. 2001; 42 (2): 230-241.
  • Donalson LM, Kim, WK, Woodward CL, Herrera P, Kubena LF, Nisbet DJ, Ricke SC. Utilizing different ration of alfalfa and layer ratios for molt induction and performance in commercial laying hens. Poult. Sci. 2005; 84:362–369.
  • Draper HH, Mcgirr LG, Hadley M. The metabolism ofmalondialdehyde. Lipids.1986; 21, 305-307.
  • Ergün A, Tuncer ŞD, Colpan I, Yalcin S, Yildiz G, Kucukersan MK, Kucukersan S, Sehu A, Yemler Yem Hijyeni ve Tek. 2004; 2. Baskı, Ankara, Pozitif Mat. ISB: 975-97808-0-1pp:263-305.
  • Gulhan T, Oztabak K, Hasret D, Toker N, Matur E. The effect of vitamin E on cellular immune responses in laying hens forced-moulted by different methods. Arch. Geflügelk. 2006;70 (1): 28–34.
  • Harmayer J.The physiological role of L-carnitine. Lohmann Information.2002; 27:1-8.
  • Hrnčár C, Verguliaková S, Svorad P, Weis J, Arpášová H, Mindek S, Fik M, Bujko J. 2015; Effect of L-carnitine supplementation on fattening and carcass parameters of broiler chickens
  • Kakhki RAM, Mousavi Z,Anderson KE.An appraisal of moulting on post-moult egg production and egg weight distribution in white layer hens; meta-analysis.Brit. Poult.Sci. 2018.59 (3). DOI:10.1080/00071668.2018.1432032
  • Hurwitz S, Wax E, Nisenbaum Y, BenMoshe M, Plavnik I. The response of laying hens to induced molt as affected by strain and age. Poult. Sci. 1998; 77:22–31.
  • Kim WK., Donalson LM, Michell AD, Kubena LF, Nisbet DJ, Ricke SC. Effects of alfalfa and fructooligosaccharide on molting parameters and bone qualities using dual energy x-ray absorptiometry and conventional bone assays. Poult Sci.2006; 85:15-20.
  • Kim WK, Donalson LM, Bloomfield SA, Hogan HA, Kubena LF, Nisbet DJ, Ricke SC. Molt Performance and Bone Density of Cortical, Medullary, and Cancellous Bone in Laying Hens during Feed Restriction or Alfalfa-based Feed Molt. J. Poult. Sci.2007; 86:1821-1830.
  • Koelkebeck KW, Anderson KE. Molting layers-Alternative methods and their effectiveness. Poultry Sci. 2007; 86: 1260-1264.
  • Koracevıc D, Koracevıc G, Djordjevıc V, Andrejevıc S, Cosıc V. Method for the measurement of antioxidant activity in human fluids. J. Clin. Path. 2001; 54:356-361.Kubena LF, Byrd JA, Moore RW, Ricke SC, Nisbet DJ. Effects of drinking water treatment on susceptibility of laying hens to Salmonella enteritidis during forced molt. Poult. Sci. 2005; 84(2):204-211.
  • Kucukyilmaz K, Erensayın C, Orhan H. Zorlamalı tüy döktürülen yumurta tavuklarında değişik açlık sürelerinin yumurta verim performansı ile yumurta iç ve kabuk kalite kriterleri üzerine etkileri. Akdeniz Üniv Ziraat Fak Derg, 2003; 16(2):199-210.
  • Lambert RJW, Skandamis PN, Coote1 PJ, Nychas GJE, A study of the minimuminhibitory concentration and mode of action of oregano essential oil, thymol and carvacrol. J.Appl. Microbiol.2001; 91:453-462.
  • Landers, K. L., Moore, R. W., Dunkley, C. S., Herrera, P., Kim, W. K., Landers, D. A., Howard ZR, McReynolds JL, Byrd JA, Kubena LF, Nisbet DJ, Ricke SC. Immunological cell and serum metabolite response of 60-week-old commercial laying hens to an alfalfa meal molt diet. Bioresour. Technol. 2008; 99(3):604-608.
  • Landers KL, Howard ZR, Woodward CL, Birkhold SG, Ricke SC. Potential of alfalfa as an alternative molt induction diet for laying hens: Egg quality and consumer acceptability. Bioresour. Technol. 2005b; 96:907–911.
  • Lien TF, Horng YM. The effect of supplementary dietary L-carnitine on the growth performance, serum components, carcass traits and enzyme activities in relation to fatty acid beta-oxidation of broiler chickens, Brit. Poult. Sci. 2001;42 (1): 92-95.
  • Mazzuco H, Hester PY. The effect of an induced molt using a nonfasting program on bone mineralization of White Leghorns. Poult. Sci. 2005; 84:1483-1490.
  • McCormick CC, Cunningham DL. Performance and physiological profiles of high dietary zinc and fasting as methods of inducing a forced rest: A direct comparison. Poult. Sci.1987; 66:1007–1013.
  • McCormick CC, Cunningham DL Forced resting by high dietary zinc: Tissue zinc accumulation and reproductive organ weight changes. Poult. Sci.1984; 63:1207–1212.
  • McReynolds JL, Moore RW, Kubena LF, Byrd JA, Woodward CL, Nisbet DJ, Ricke SC. Effect of various combinations of alfalfa and Standard layer diet on susceptibility of laying hens to Salmonella enteritidis during forced molt. Poult Sci. 2006; 85(7):1123-8.
  • Minoura M, Ohguchi H, Ito H, Noda K, Kato Y. Investigation on induced molting without fasting by feeding the diets which were mainly composed of the wheat bran or the deffatted rice bran in hens. Research Bulletin of the Aichi-ken Agricultural Research Center, 2005; 31: 173-179 (sum.).
  • Molino AB, Garcia EA, Berto DA, Pelícia K, Silva AP, Vercese F. The effects of alternative forced-molting methods on the performance and egg quality of commercial layers. Brazilian Journal of Poultry Science.2009; 11,2: 109 – 113.
  • NRC 1994. (National Research Council) Nutrient requirement of poultry. 9th Revised Edition, National Academy Pres, Washington, DC.
  • Petek M. Değişik Zorlamalı Tüy Dökümü Programlarının Ticari Yumurtacı Tavuklarda Başlıca Verimler Üzerine Etkisi. U.Ü.Vet. Fak. Derg. 2001;20: 39-44.
  • Rabie MH, Szilagyi M, Gippert T, Votisky E, Gerendai D. Influence of dietary L-carnitine on performance and carcass quality of broiler chickens. Acta. Biol. Hung.1997a; 48: 241-252.
  • Ruszler, P. (1998). Health and husbandry considerations of induced molting. Poult. Sci. 77, 1789–1793.
  • Sandhu MA, Rahman ZU, Rahman SU, Hassan IJ. Dynamics of innate immun response in Gallus domesticus using two methods of induced molting. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 2007;120:106-114.
  • SAS 2002. JMPTM5.0.1a Statistical and Graphic Guide. A Business Unit of SAS 1989-2002. Cary, NC, USA.
  • Si H, Hu J, Liu Z, Zeng ZL. Antibacterial e¡ectof oregano essential oil alone and in combination withantibiotics against xtended-spectrum-lactamase-producing Escherichia coli. FEMS Immunol. Med. Mic. 2008; 53:190-194.
  • Senkoylu, N. 2001. Modern Tavuk Üretimi 3. Baskı, Anadolu Matbaası, ISBN: 975-93691-2-5, Bölüm:14, Tekirdağ.
  • Szabo A, Febel H, Mezes M, Horn P, Balogh K, Romvari R. Differential utilization of hepatic and myocardial fatty acids during forced molt of laying hens. Poult. Sci. 2005; 84:106-112.
  • Turkoglu M, Arda M, Yetisir R, Sarica M, Ersayin C. 1997 “Tavukçuluk Bilimi”, Otak Form Ofset, ISBN: 975-94647-0-5, Samsun.
  • Webster AB. Physiology and behaviorof the hen during induced molt. Poult Sci,2003; 82:992-1002.
  • Xu ZR, Wang MQ, Mao HX, Hu CH. Effect of L-Carnitine on growth performans, carcass composition and metabolism of lipid in male broilers, Poult. Sci. 2003; 82: 408-413.
  • Zhai W. 2007. The effect of L-carnitine supplementation on reproductive traits of White leghorns, phD thesis, Purdue University-USA.
There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Journal Section RESEARCH ARTICLE
Authors

İsmail Bayram

Abdil Burhaneddin Akkaya This is me

Publication Date December 15, 2018
Acceptance Date September 11, 2018
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 11 Issue: 4

Cite

APA Bayram, İ., & Akkaya, A. B. (2018). The Use of L-Carnitine and Oregano As Feed Additives in Alternative Forced Molting Programmes in Laying Hens. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, 11(4), 434-446. https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.442717
AMA Bayram İ, Akkaya AB. The Use of L-Carnitine and Oregano As Feed Additives in Alternative Forced Molting Programmes in Laying Hens. kvj. December 2018;11(4):434-446. doi:10.30607/kvj.442717
Chicago Bayram, İsmail, and Abdil Burhaneddin Akkaya. “The Use of L-Carnitine and Oregano As Feed Additives in Alternative Forced Molting Programmes in Laying Hens”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 11, no. 4 (December 2018): 434-46. https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.442717.
EndNote Bayram İ, Akkaya AB (December 1, 2018) The Use of L-Carnitine and Oregano As Feed Additives in Alternative Forced Molting Programmes in Laying Hens. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 11 4 434–446.
IEEE İ. Bayram and A. B. Akkaya, “The Use of L-Carnitine and Oregano As Feed Additives in Alternative Forced Molting Programmes in Laying Hens”, kvj, vol. 11, no. 4, pp. 434–446, 2018, doi: 10.30607/kvj.442717.
ISNAD Bayram, İsmail - Akkaya, Abdil Burhaneddin. “The Use of L-Carnitine and Oregano As Feed Additives in Alternative Forced Molting Programmes in Laying Hens”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal 11/4 (December 2018), 434-446. https://doi.org/10.30607/kvj.442717.
JAMA Bayram İ, Akkaya AB. The Use of L-Carnitine and Oregano As Feed Additives in Alternative Forced Molting Programmes in Laying Hens. kvj. 2018;11:434–446.
MLA Bayram, İsmail and Abdil Burhaneddin Akkaya. “The Use of L-Carnitine and Oregano As Feed Additives in Alternative Forced Molting Programmes in Laying Hens”. Kocatepe Veterinary Journal, vol. 11, no. 4, 2018, pp. 434-46, doi:10.30607/kvj.442717.
Vancouver Bayram İ, Akkaya AB. The Use of L-Carnitine and Oregano As Feed Additives in Alternative Forced Molting Programmes in Laying Hens. kvj. 2018;11(4):434-46.

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