Case Report
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Metabolic Disease in a Green Iguana (Iguana Iguana) Characterized by Metastatic Calcifications

Year 2018, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 79 - 84, 30.06.2018
https://doi.org/10.24880/maeuvfd.366527

Abstract

Kidney diseases
are quite common and major cause of death of reptiles in captivity. Metabolic
diseases caused by husbandry management and nutrition take an important part in
the onset of disease. These metabolic diseases are characterized by weight
loss, anorexia and pale mucous membranes caused by imbalance of
calcium-phosphorus ratio in middle aged green iguanas. In the chronic form of
metabolic disease, distinct dehydration, severe renal failure and metastatic
calcifications can be observed. In this presented case, in the necropsy of an
adult green iguana housed in a zoo, there was a white colored, hard stone about
3 cm in diameter in the urinary bladder. The consistence of the kidneys was
remarkably hard and the rough appearance of the surfaces was noted.
Microscopically, cortex and medulla were diffusely destructed and diffuse
interstitial calcifications with marked fibrosis were seen in both kidneys.
Gastric mucosa was diffusely necrotic and had bluish color due to
calcifications. Interstitial calcifications were observed in lungs.
Calcifications were also noted in parenchymal vessel walls of pancreas. 

References

  • Borza G, Bolfä P‚ Taulescu M, Fä‚rcaș L, Cä‚toı C. Pathologic mineralization in captive reptiles. Bulletin UASMV, Veterinary Medicine. 2012; 69(1-2): 54-7. DOI: 10.15835/buasvmcn-vm:69:1-2:8375.
  • Miller HA. Urinary diseases of reptiles: Pathophysiology and diagnosis. Semin Avian Exotic Pet Med. 1998; 7(2): 93-103. DOI: 10.1016/S1055-937X(98)80048-0.
  • Knotek Z, Dorrestein GM, Knotková Z, Zwart P. Chronic renal failure disease in adult green iguanas (Iguana iguana). Proc. Autumn Meeting BVZS. 7–8 November 2009, York, 80-4.
  • Walsh T. Wednesday Slide Conference, 2009-2010 Conference 9. The Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Department of Veterinary Pathology. 2 December 2009.
  • Reavill DR, Schmidt RE. Urinary tract diseases of reptiles. J. Exot. Pet Med. 2010; 19(4): 280–9. DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2010.10.007.
  • Blahak S. Urolithiasis in a green iguana (Iguana iguana). Tierarztl Prax. 1994; 22(2): 187-90.
  • Milton C, Axelrod JM. Calculi and other stones found in mammals, J. Mammal. 1951; 32(2): 139-54. DOI: 10.2307/1375370.
  • Haghighi A, Samimagham H, Gohardehi G. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation and risk of kidney stone formation in postmenopausal women. Iran J Kidney Dis. 2013; 21,7(3): 210-3.
  • Nguyen S, Baggerly L, French C, Heaney RP, Gorham ED, Garland CF. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in the range of 20 to 100 ng/mL and incidence of kidney stones. Am J Public Health. 2014; 104(9): 1783-7. DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301368.
  • Heaney RP. Calcium supplementation and incident kidney stone risk: A systematic review. J Am Coll Nutr. 2008; 27: 519-27.
  • Nagaraju SP, Gupta A, McCormick B. Oxalate nephropathy: An important cause of renal failure after bariatric surgery. Indian J Nephrol. 2013; 23(4): 316–8. DOI: 10.4103/0971-4065.114493
  • Martin WF, Armstrong LE, Rodriguez NR. Dietary protein intake and renal function. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2005; 2: 25. DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-2-25.

Bir Yeşil İguanada (Iguana Iguana) Metastatik Kalsifikasyonlar ile Karakterize Metabolik Hastalık

Year 2018, Volume: 3 Issue: 1, 79 - 84, 30.06.2018
https://doi.org/10.24880/maeuvfd.366527

Abstract

Esaret altındaki sürüngenlerde böbrek hastalıkları
oldukça yaygındır ve ölümlerinin birincil sebebidir. Bakıcı yönetiminden ve
beslenmeden kaynaklanan metabolik hastalıklar böbrek hastalıkların
şekillenmesinde önemli bir yer tutar. Bu metabolik hastalıklar orta yaşlı yeşil
iguanalarda diyetteki kalsiyum/fosfor oranındaki dengesizlikler nedeni ile
oluşan kilo kaybı, anoreksi ve soluk müköz membranlarla karakterizedir.
Metabolik hastalığın kronikleştiği durumlarda ise belirgin dehidrasyon, ileri
derecede böbrek yetersizliği ve metastatik kalsifikasyonlar gözlenebilir. Sunulan
bu olguda hayvanat bahçesinde barındırılan yetişkin bir yeşil iguanada, idrar
kesesi içerisinde yaklaşık 3 cm çaplı, beyaz renkli ve sert kıvamlı bir taşın
bulunduğu gözlendi. Böbreklerin kıvamının oldukça sertleşmiş olduğu ve
yüzeylerinin pürüzlü bir görünüm aldığı dikkati çekti. Mikroskobik incelemede,
böbrek korteks ve medullasının diffuz bir şekilde yıkımlandığı; belirgin
fibrozis ile birlikte interstisyel alanda yaygın kalsifikasyonların da
bulunduğu gözlendi. Mide mukozasında
yaygın nekrotik sahaların oluştuğu ve bu nekrotik sahaların şekillenen
kalsifikasyona bağlı olarak mavimsi bir renkte boyandığı dikkati çekti. Ayrıca
akciğerlerde interstisyel alanlarda ve pankreasta da parankimal damarlarda
kalsifikasyonların şekillendiği görüldü.

References

  • Borza G, Bolfä P‚ Taulescu M, Fä‚rcaș L, Cä‚toı C. Pathologic mineralization in captive reptiles. Bulletin UASMV, Veterinary Medicine. 2012; 69(1-2): 54-7. DOI: 10.15835/buasvmcn-vm:69:1-2:8375.
  • Miller HA. Urinary diseases of reptiles: Pathophysiology and diagnosis. Semin Avian Exotic Pet Med. 1998; 7(2): 93-103. DOI: 10.1016/S1055-937X(98)80048-0.
  • Knotek Z, Dorrestein GM, Knotková Z, Zwart P. Chronic renal failure disease in adult green iguanas (Iguana iguana). Proc. Autumn Meeting BVZS. 7–8 November 2009, York, 80-4.
  • Walsh T. Wednesday Slide Conference, 2009-2010 Conference 9. The Armed Forces Institute of Pathology Department of Veterinary Pathology. 2 December 2009.
  • Reavill DR, Schmidt RE. Urinary tract diseases of reptiles. J. Exot. Pet Med. 2010; 19(4): 280–9. DOI: 10.1053/j.jepm.2010.10.007.
  • Blahak S. Urolithiasis in a green iguana (Iguana iguana). Tierarztl Prax. 1994; 22(2): 187-90.
  • Milton C, Axelrod JM. Calculi and other stones found in mammals, J. Mammal. 1951; 32(2): 139-54. DOI: 10.2307/1375370.
  • Haghighi A, Samimagham H, Gohardehi G. Calcium and vitamin D supplementation and risk of kidney stone formation in postmenopausal women. Iran J Kidney Dis. 2013; 21,7(3): 210-3.
  • Nguyen S, Baggerly L, French C, Heaney RP, Gorham ED, Garland CF. 25-Hydroxyvitamin D in the range of 20 to 100 ng/mL and incidence of kidney stones. Am J Public Health. 2014; 104(9): 1783-7. DOI: 10.2105/AJPH.2013.301368.
  • Heaney RP. Calcium supplementation and incident kidney stone risk: A systematic review. J Am Coll Nutr. 2008; 27: 519-27.
  • Nagaraju SP, Gupta A, McCormick B. Oxalate nephropathy: An important cause of renal failure after bariatric surgery. Indian J Nephrol. 2013; 23(4): 316–8. DOI: 10.4103/0971-4065.114493
  • Martin WF, Armstrong LE, Rodriguez NR. Dietary protein intake and renal function. Nutr Metab (Lond). 2005; 2: 25. DOI: 10.1186/1743-7075-2-25.
There are 12 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Case Reports
Authors

Volkan İpek

Ayşe Meriç Mutlu This is me

Ahmet Akkoç

M. Özgür Özyiğit

Publication Date June 30, 2018
Submission Date December 15, 2017
Published in Issue Year 2018 Volume: 3 Issue: 1

Cite

APA İpek, V., Mutlu, A. M., Akkoç, A., Özyiğit, M. Ö. (2018). Bir Yeşil İguanada (Iguana Iguana) Metastatik Kalsifikasyonlar ile Karakterize Metabolik Hastalık. Veterinary Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 3(1), 79-84. https://doi.org/10.24880/maeuvfd.366527