Research Article
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The antibiotic susceptibilities and microorganisms isolated from urinary tract infections of dogs

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 150 - 154, 31.12.2023

Enes Seyhan Dilek Öztürk

https://doi.org/10.24880/maeuvfd.1228243

Abstract

In this study, we aimed to isolate microorganisms from urine samples taken from dogs with urinary system infection and to determine an antibiotic susceptibility. For this purpose, urine samples taken from 30 dogs by cystocentesis were inoculated on Blood Agar, MacConkey Agar and Sabourraud’s Dextrose Agar. The isolated microorganisms were identified by conventional microbiological methods. In this study, while 19 bacteria were isolated from 15 dogs (63.33%), no isolation was detected within the mycological culture. The most isolated bacteria were Escherichia coli (26.32%) and coagulase negative Staphylococci (26.32%). The isolates were susceptible 84.2% to ceftriaxone, 78.9% to enrofloxacine, 73.7% to ciprofloxacin, gentamicin and trimethoprim + sulfamethoxazole, 73.7% to amoxicillin-clavulanic acid and cefixime, 57.9% to cephalexin, 52.6% to oxytetracycline and 47.4% to ceftiofur. We concluded that Escherichia coli and coagulase negative Staphylococci were the most common reason for urinary tract infections in dogs and due to the differences to antibiotic of the bacterial isolates that antibiotic susceptibility tests is necessary for treatment.

Keywords

Dog urinary tract infection antibiotic susceptibility.

Supporting Institution

This study is supported by Tubitak 2209-A University Students Research Projects Support Program (2020/2 ).

Project Number

1919B011902539

References

  • Adsanychan, N., Hoisang, S., Seesupa, S., Kampa, N., Kunkitti, P., Jitpean, S. (2019). Bacterial isolates and antimicrobial susceptibility in dogs with urinary tract infection in Thailand: A retrospective study between 2013–2017. Veterinary Integrative Sciences, 17(1), 21-31.
  • Bağcıgil, A.F., Dokuzeylül, B., Göçmen, H., Yalçın, E., İkiz, S., Özgür, N.Y., Seyyal, A.K. (2018). Escherichia coli strains isolated from cats and dogs with urinary tract infections. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 3(3), 131-136. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.431221
  • Ball, K.R., Rubin, J.E., Chirino-Trejo, M., Dowling, P.M. (2008). Antimicrobial resistance and prevalence of canine uropathogens at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Teaching Hospital, 2002–2007. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 49:985–990.
  • Bartges, J.W. (2004). Diagnosis of urinary tract infections. Veterinary Clinical North American Small Animal Practise, 34(4), 923-933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2004.03.001
  • Bauer, A.W., Kirby,. W.M., Sherris, J.C., Turck, M. (1966). Antibiotic susceptability testing by a standardized single disk method. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 45: 493- 496.
  • Byron, J.K. (2019). Urinary tract infection. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 49(2), 211-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2018.11.005
  • CLSI. (2013). Performance Standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing: 23rd international supplement CLSI 2013, Wayne, Pennsylvania, M100-S23.
  • Cohn, L.A., Gary, A.T., Fales, W.H., Madsen, R.W. (2003). Trends in fluoroquinolone resistance of bacteria isolated from canine urinary tracts. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 15(4), 338-343. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870301500406
  • Çetin, C., Şentürk S, Kocabıyık, A.L., Temize,l M., Özel, E. (2003). Bacteriological examination of urine samples from dogs with symptoms of urinary tract infection. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Animal Sciences, 27: 1225-1229. 10. Diren Sığırcı, B., Koenhemsi, L., Gönül, R., Uysal, A., Özgür, N.Y. (2012). Bir köpeğin idrar yolu înfeksiyonunda saptanan Acinetobacter baumannii ve Streptococcus canis. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 38 (1), 73-78. 1 Dowling, P.M. (1996). Antimicrobial therapy of urinary tract infections. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 37(7), 438.
  • Hall, J.L., Holmes, M.A., Baines, S.J. (2013). Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of canine urinary tract pathogens. Veterinary Record, 173(22), 549-549. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.101482
  • Hariharan, H., Brathwaite-Sylvester, E., Belmar, V.M., Sharma, R. (2016). Bacterial isolates from urinary tract infection in dogs in Grenada, and their antibiotic susceptibility. Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 6(6), 85-88. https://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojvm.2016.66010
  • Jin, Y., Lin, D. (2005). Fungal Urinary Tract infections in The dog and cat: A retrospective study (2001–2004). Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, 41(6), 373-381. https://doi.org/10.5326/0410373
  • Kalınbacak, A., Atalay, Ö., Kırmızıgül, A.H., Noyan, D., Karakurum, M.Ç. (2004). Kedi ve köpeklerde sistitis'in tanısında çift kontrast sistografi tekniğinin kuııanımı ve tedavide enrofloksasin'in etkinliğinin araştırılması. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 51, 111-115. https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002280
  • Kogika, M.M., Fortunato, A.B.V., Mamizuka, E.M., Hagiwara, K.M., de Pavan, F.B.M., Grosso, SNA. (1995). Etiologic study of urinary tract infection in dogs. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science, 32(1), 31-36. doi: https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.1994.52087
  • Marques, C., Belas, A., Franco, A., Aboim, C., Gama, L.T., Pomba, C. (2018). Increase in antimicrobial resistance and emergence of major international high-risk clonal lineages in dogs and cats with urinary tract infection: 16 year retrospective study. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemistry, 73(2), 377-384. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkx401
  • Norris, C.R., Williams, B.J., Ling, G.V., Franti, C.E., Ruby, A.L. (2000). Recurrent and persistent urinary tract infections in dogs: 383 cases (1969-1995). Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, 36(6), 484-492. https://doi.org/10.5326/15473317-36-6-484
  • Olby, N.J., Mackillop, E., Cerda‐Gonzalez, S., Moore, S., Muñana, K.R., Grafinger, M., Osborne, J.A., Vaden, S.L. (2010). Prevalence of urinary tract infection in dogs after surgery for thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 24(5), 1106-1111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0567.x
  • Papini, R., Ebani, V.V., Cerri, D., Guidi, G. (2006). Survey on bacterial isolates from dogs with urinary tract infections and their in vitro sensitivity. Revue Médecine Véterinaria, 157, 1, 35-41.
  • Pressler, B.M., Vaden, S.L., Lane, I.F, Cowgill, L.D., Dye, J.A. (2003). Candida spp. urinary tract infections in 13 dogs and seven cats: predisposing factors, treatment, and outcome. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, 39(3), 263-270. https://doi.org/10.5326/0390263
  • Punia, M., Kumar, A., Charaya, G., Kumar, T. (2018). Pathogens isolated from clinical cases of urinary tract infection in dogs and their antibiogram. Veterinary World, 11(8), 1037. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2018.1037-1042
  • Thompson, M..F, Litster, A.L., Platell, J.L., Trott, D.J. (2011). Canine bacterial urinary tract infections: new developments in old pathogens. Veterinary Journal, 190(1), 22-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.11.013
  • Ukah, U.V., Glass, M., Avery, B., Daignault, D., Mulvey, M.R., Reid-Smith, R.J., Parmley, E.J., Portt, A., Boerlin, P., Manges, A.R. (2018). Risk factors for acquisition of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and development of community-acquired urinary tract infections. Epidemiology & Infection, 146(1), 46-57. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268817002680
  • Vercelli, C., Della Ricca, M., Re, M., Gambino, G., Re, G. (2021). Antibiotic stewardship for canine and feline acute urinary tract infection: An observational study in a small animal hospital in Northwest Italy. Antibiotics, 10(5), 562. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10050562
  • Weese, J.S., Blondeau, J., Boothe, D., Guardabassi, L..G, Gumley, N., Papich, M., Jessen, L.R., Lappin, M., Rankink, S., Westropp, J.L., Sykes, J. (2019). International society for companion animal infectious diseases (ISCAID) guidelines for the diagnosis and management of bacterial urinary tract infections in dogs and cats. Veterinary Journal, 247, 8-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.02.008
  • Windahl, U., Holst, B.S., Nyman, A., Grönlund, U., Bengtsson, B. (2014). Characterisation of bacterial growth and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in canine urinary tract infections. BMC Veterinary Research. 10(1), 1-10.
  • Wong, C., Epstein, S.E., Westropp, J.L. (2015). Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in urinary tract infections in dogs (2010–2013). Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 29(4), 1045-1052. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.13571
  • Yu, Z., Wang, Y., Chen, Y., Huang, M., Wang,. Y, Shen, Z., Xia, Z., Li, G. (2020). Antimicrobial resistance of bacterial pathogens isolated from canine urinary tract infections. Veterinary Microbiology, 241, 108540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108540

Year 2023, Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 150 - 154, 31.12.2023

Enes Seyhan Dilek Öztürk

https://doi.org/10.24880/maeuvfd.1228243

Abstract

Project Number

1919B011902539

References

  • Adsanychan, N., Hoisang, S., Seesupa, S., Kampa, N., Kunkitti, P., Jitpean, S. (2019). Bacterial isolates and antimicrobial susceptibility in dogs with urinary tract infection in Thailand: A retrospective study between 2013–2017. Veterinary Integrative Sciences, 17(1), 21-31.
  • Bağcıgil, A.F., Dokuzeylül, B., Göçmen, H., Yalçın, E., İkiz, S., Özgür, N.Y., Seyyal, A.K. (2018). Escherichia coli strains isolated from cats and dogs with urinary tract infections. Journal of Anatolian Environmental and Animal Sciences, 3(3), 131-136. https://doi.org/10.35229/jaes.431221
  • Ball, K.R., Rubin, J.E., Chirino-Trejo, M., Dowling, P.M. (2008). Antimicrobial resistance and prevalence of canine uropathogens at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine Veterinary Teaching Hospital, 2002–2007. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 49:985–990.
  • Bartges, J.W. (2004). Diagnosis of urinary tract infections. Veterinary Clinical North American Small Animal Practise, 34(4), 923-933. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2004.03.001
  • Bauer, A.W., Kirby,. W.M., Sherris, J.C., Turck, M. (1966). Antibiotic susceptability testing by a standardized single disk method. American Journal of Clinical Pathology, 45: 493- 496.
  • Byron, J.K. (2019). Urinary tract infection. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Small Animal Practice, 49(2), 211-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cvsm.2018.11.005
  • CLSI. (2013). Performance Standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing: 23rd international supplement CLSI 2013, Wayne, Pennsylvania, M100-S23.
  • Cohn, L.A., Gary, A.T., Fales, W.H., Madsen, R.W. (2003). Trends in fluoroquinolone resistance of bacteria isolated from canine urinary tracts. Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation, 15(4), 338-343. https://dx.doi.org/10.1177/104063870301500406
  • Çetin, C., Şentürk S, Kocabıyık, A.L., Temize,l M., Özel, E. (2003). Bacteriological examination of urine samples from dogs with symptoms of urinary tract infection. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Animal Sciences, 27: 1225-1229. 10. Diren Sığırcı, B., Koenhemsi, L., Gönül, R., Uysal, A., Özgür, N.Y. (2012). Bir köpeğin idrar yolu înfeksiyonunda saptanan Acinetobacter baumannii ve Streptococcus canis. İstanbul Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 38 (1), 73-78. 1 Dowling, P.M. (1996). Antimicrobial therapy of urinary tract infections. Canadian Veterinary Journal, 37(7), 438.
  • Hall, J.L., Holmes, M.A., Baines, S.J. (2013). Prevalence and antimicrobial resistance of canine urinary tract pathogens. Veterinary Record, 173(22), 549-549. https://doi.org/10.1136/vr.101482
  • Hariharan, H., Brathwaite-Sylvester, E., Belmar, V.M., Sharma, R. (2016). Bacterial isolates from urinary tract infection in dogs in Grenada, and their antibiotic susceptibility. Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 6(6), 85-88. https://dx.doi.org/10.4236/ojvm.2016.66010
  • Jin, Y., Lin, D. (2005). Fungal Urinary Tract infections in The dog and cat: A retrospective study (2001–2004). Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, 41(6), 373-381. https://doi.org/10.5326/0410373
  • Kalınbacak, A., Atalay, Ö., Kırmızıgül, A.H., Noyan, D., Karakurum, M.Ç. (2004). Kedi ve köpeklerde sistitis'in tanısında çift kontrast sistografi tekniğinin kuııanımı ve tedavide enrofloksasin'in etkinliğinin araştırılması. Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 51, 111-115. https://doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000002280
  • Kogika, M.M., Fortunato, A.B.V., Mamizuka, E.M., Hagiwara, K.M., de Pavan, F.B.M., Grosso, SNA. (1995). Etiologic study of urinary tract infection in dogs. Brazilian Journal of Veterinary Research and Animal Science, 32(1), 31-36. doi: https://doi.org/10.11606/issn.1678-4456.bjvras.1994.52087
  • Marques, C., Belas, A., Franco, A., Aboim, C., Gama, L.T., Pomba, C. (2018). Increase in antimicrobial resistance and emergence of major international high-risk clonal lineages in dogs and cats with urinary tract infection: 16 year retrospective study. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemistry, 73(2), 377-384. https://doi.org/10.1093/jac/dkx401
  • Norris, C.R., Williams, B.J., Ling, G.V., Franti, C.E., Ruby, A.L. (2000). Recurrent and persistent urinary tract infections in dogs: 383 cases (1969-1995). Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, 36(6), 484-492. https://doi.org/10.5326/15473317-36-6-484
  • Olby, N.J., Mackillop, E., Cerda‐Gonzalez, S., Moore, S., Muñana, K.R., Grafinger, M., Osborne, J.A., Vaden, S.L. (2010). Prevalence of urinary tract infection in dogs after surgery for thoracolumbar intervertebral disc extrusion. Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 24(5), 1106-1111. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-1676.2010.0567.x
  • Papini, R., Ebani, V.V., Cerri, D., Guidi, G. (2006). Survey on bacterial isolates from dogs with urinary tract infections and their in vitro sensitivity. Revue Médecine Véterinaria, 157, 1, 35-41.
  • Pressler, B.M., Vaden, S.L., Lane, I.F, Cowgill, L.D., Dye, J.A. (2003). Candida spp. urinary tract infections in 13 dogs and seven cats: predisposing factors, treatment, and outcome. Journal of the American Animal Hospital Association, 39(3), 263-270. https://doi.org/10.5326/0390263
  • Punia, M., Kumar, A., Charaya, G., Kumar, T. (2018). Pathogens isolated from clinical cases of urinary tract infection in dogs and their antibiogram. Veterinary World, 11(8), 1037. https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2018.1037-1042
  • Thompson, M..F, Litster, A.L., Platell, J.L., Trott, D.J. (2011). Canine bacterial urinary tract infections: new developments in old pathogens. Veterinary Journal, 190(1), 22-27. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2010.11.013
  • Ukah, U.V., Glass, M., Avery, B., Daignault, D., Mulvey, M.R., Reid-Smith, R.J., Parmley, E.J., Portt, A., Boerlin, P., Manges, A.R. (2018). Risk factors for acquisition of multidrug-resistant Escherichia coli and development of community-acquired urinary tract infections. Epidemiology & Infection, 146(1), 46-57. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0950268817002680
  • Vercelli, C., Della Ricca, M., Re, M., Gambino, G., Re, G. (2021). Antibiotic stewardship for canine and feline acute urinary tract infection: An observational study in a small animal hospital in Northwest Italy. Antibiotics, 10(5), 562. https://doi.org/10.3390/antibiotics10050562
  • Weese, J.S., Blondeau, J., Boothe, D., Guardabassi, L..G, Gumley, N., Papich, M., Jessen, L.R., Lappin, M., Rankink, S., Westropp, J.L., Sykes, J. (2019). International society for companion animal infectious diseases (ISCAID) guidelines for the diagnosis and management of bacterial urinary tract infections in dogs and cats. Veterinary Journal, 247, 8-25. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2019.02.008
  • Windahl, U., Holst, B.S., Nyman, A., Grönlund, U., Bengtsson, B. (2014). Characterisation of bacterial growth and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in canine urinary tract infections. BMC Veterinary Research. 10(1), 1-10.
  • Wong, C., Epstein, S.E., Westropp, J.L. (2015). Antimicrobial susceptibility patterns in urinary tract infections in dogs (2010–2013). Journal of Veterinary Internal Medicine, 29(4), 1045-1052. https://doi.org/10.1111/jvim.13571
  • Yu, Z., Wang, Y., Chen, Y., Huang, M., Wang,. Y, Shen, Z., Xia, Z., Li, G. (2020). Antimicrobial resistance of bacterial pathogens isolated from canine urinary tract infections. Veterinary Microbiology, 241, 108540. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetmic.2019.108540
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Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Enes Seyhan 0000-0002-7142-2054

Dilek Öztürk 0000-0002-9643-8570

Project Number 1919B011902539
Publication Date December 31, 2023
Submission Date January 2, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 8 Issue: 3

Cite

APA Seyhan, E., & Öztürk, D. (2023). The antibiotic susceptibilities and microorganisms isolated from urinary tract infections of dogs. Veterinary Journal of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, 8(3), 150-154. https://doi.org/10.24880/maeuvfd.1228243
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