The Effect of Different Sodium Bentonite Levels on Chemical Composition, Microbiological Composition and Lactic Acid Levels of Pumpkin Waste Silage
Abstract
Pumpkin residue could be used as silage in animal nutrition, yet ensiling is challenging due to its high moisture content, which can negatively impact the process and produce mycotoxins. Sodium bentonite (SB) has high water-absorbing capacity and have been used in pellet feed manufacturing for ruminant and monogastric animals. This study aimed to investigate the effect of adding two different levels of SB to pumpkin residue silage on its chemical composition, silage quality, microbiota, and lactic acid levels. The pumpkin residues were ensiled with 0%, 1%, and 2% SB in four replicates for three months. The analysis showed that the addition of SB significantly reduced crude protein (CP), water soluble carbohydrate (WSC), Fleig point and lactic acid levels, yet increased crude ash (CA), dry matter content (DM) and pH values. Microbial counts for yeast-mould and lactic acid bacteria were highest in the control group. Conversely, the %1 SB supplemented silages exhibited the lowest levels of lactic acid bacteria and yeast. Thus, using SB as a silage additive reduce yeast and mold, however it also reduced nutritional value and lactic acid amount in the silage. Further research can investigate the optimal level of SB for different types of silage to improve their quality and shelf life.
Keywords
References
- Adamović M., Stojanović M., Harbinja M., Maslovarić M., Bočarov-Stančić, A., Pezo L. Efficiency investigation of the use of pyrophyllite in ensiling maize plant. Food and Feed Research 2020; 47(2): 109–118.
- AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International 2003; 17th Edition. Maryland, USA.
- Astuti WD., Widyastuti Y., Ridwan R., Yetti E. Quality of vegetable waste silages treated with various carbohydrate sources. Media Peternakan 2013; 36(2): 120–125.
- Barbanti D., D’Orazio M., Versari A. The use of bentonite as a moisture regulating system 1. Study on some sorption properties of bentonites for their potential use in food technology. Journal of Food Engineering 1997; 33(1–2): 193–206.
- Barnett AJG. The colorimetric determination of lactic acid in silage. Biochemical Journal 1951; 49(4): 527–529.
- Calabia BP., Tokiwa Y., Aiba S. Fermentative production of l-(+)-lactic acid by an alkaliphilic marine microorganism. Biotechnology Letters 2011; 33(7): 1429-1433.
- Damato A., Vianello F., Novelli E., Balzan S., Gianesella M., Giaretta E., Gabai G. Comprehensive review on the interactions of clay minerals with animal physiology and production. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2022; 9: 889612.
- Dubois M., Gilles KA., Hamilton JK., Rebers PA., Smith F. A colorimetric method for the determination of sugars. Nature 1951; 4265(168): 167–167.
Farklı Sodyum Bentonit Seviyelerinin Balkabağı Atığı Silajının Kimyasal Bileşimi, Mikrobiyolojik Kompozisyon ve Laktik Asit Seviyeleri Üzerine Etkisi
Abstract
Kabak artığı, silaj olarak hayvan beslemede kullanılabilmekte olup yüksek nem içeriği silolanma işlemini olumsuz etkilenip mikotoksinlerin üremesine neden olabilmektedir. Sodyum bentonit (SB), yüksek su absorpsiyon kapasitesine sahiptir ve ruminantlar ile tek mideli hayvanlar için pelet yem üretiminde kullanılmaktadır. Bu çalışmanın amacı, kabak artığı silajına iki farklı SB seviyesinin eklenmesinin kimyasal bileşimi, silaj kalitesi, mikrobiyota ve laktik asit seviyeleri üzerine etkisini incelemektir. Kabak artıkları, %0, %1 ve %2 SB ile dört tekrarlı olarak üç ay boyunca silolanmıştır. Analizler, SB ilavesinin ham protein (CP), suda çözünür karbonhidrat (WSC), Fleig noktası ve laktik asit seviyelerini önemli ölçüde azalttığını, ancak ham kül (CA), kuru madde içeriği (DM) ve pH değerlerini artırdığını göstermektedir. Maya-küf ve laktik asit bakterisi koloni sayıları en yüksek seviyede kontrol grubunda bulunmuştur. Bunula birlikte, %1 SB ilave edilen silajlar en düşük laktik asit bakterisi ve maya seviyelerine sahiptir. Bu nedenle, SB'nin silaj katkısı olarak kullanılması maya ve küfü azaltabildiği, ancak aynı zamanda silajdaki besin değerini ve laktik asit miktarını da düşürdüğü belirlenmiştir. İleride yapılacak araştırmalar, farklı silaj tipleri için optimal SB seviyesini belirleyerek kalite ve raf ömrünü artırmayı inceleyebilir.
Keywords
Thanks
Hitit Üniversitesi Bilimsel Teknik Uygulama ve Araştırma Merkezi'ne ham protein analizleri için teşekkür ederiz.
References
- Adamović M., Stojanović M., Harbinja M., Maslovarić M., Bočarov-Stančić, A., Pezo L. Efficiency investigation of the use of pyrophyllite in ensiling maize plant. Food and Feed Research 2020; 47(2): 109–118.
- AOAC. Official Methods of Analysis of AOAC International 2003; 17th Edition. Maryland, USA.
- Astuti WD., Widyastuti Y., Ridwan R., Yetti E. Quality of vegetable waste silages treated with various carbohydrate sources. Media Peternakan 2013; 36(2): 120–125.
- Barbanti D., D’Orazio M., Versari A. The use of bentonite as a moisture regulating system 1. Study on some sorption properties of bentonites for their potential use in food technology. Journal of Food Engineering 1997; 33(1–2): 193–206.
- Barnett AJG. The colorimetric determination of lactic acid in silage. Biochemical Journal 1951; 49(4): 527–529.
- Calabia BP., Tokiwa Y., Aiba S. Fermentative production of l-(+)-lactic acid by an alkaliphilic marine microorganism. Biotechnology Letters 2011; 33(7): 1429-1433.
- Damato A., Vianello F., Novelli E., Balzan S., Gianesella M., Giaretta E., Gabai G. Comprehensive review on the interactions of clay minerals with animal physiology and production. Frontiers in Veterinary Science 2022; 9: 889612.
- Dubois M., Gilles KA., Hamilton JK., Rebers PA., Smith F. A colorimetric method for the determination of sugars. Nature 1951; 4265(168): 167–167.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Animal Nutrition |
| Journal Section | RESEARCH ARTICLES |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | March 11, 2024 |
| Submission Date | August 13, 2023 |
| Acceptance Date | January 17, 2024 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2024 Volume: 7 Issue: 2 |
Cite
*This journal is an international refereed journal
*Our journal does not charge any article processing fees over publication process.
* This journal is online publishes 5 issues per year (January, March, June, September, December)
*This journal published in Turkish and English as open access.
* This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.