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Overview of Nutrient Density

Year 2023, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 491 - 495, 21.09.2023

Çağla Pınarlı Rabia Melda Karaağaç

https://doi.org/10.33631/sabd.1202191

Abstract

Food containing more nutrients than the energy it provides define as nutrirent-dense food. The energy density in the diet is inversely proportional to the nutrient density. Reducing energy density in diet, whether for body weight management or maintenance of general health, results in increased nutrient density. Nutrient density measurements are based on nutrient pattern profiling. Nutrient pattern profile models in high-income and developed countries provide scientific justification for food labeling, regulation of laws, and taxes. In addition, nutrient density appears to be closely related to iron deficiency anemia, sarcopenia, malnutrition, metabolic syndrome and working capacity. The concept of nutrient density is also of great importance for a sustainable life. It is estimated that the world population will reach 10 billion by 2050. It is thought that protecting the healthy planet while providing diet with enough nutrients for everyone will become a global problem. At this point, sustainable nutrition and sustainable food systems come to the fore. Studies show that foods with high nutrient density have more positive environmental effects. For all these reasons, it is thought that more emphasis should be placed on nutrient density within nutritional guidelines and diet models.

Keywords

nutrient density sustainable nutrition nutrient profiling

References

  • World Health Organisation. Noncommunicable diseases. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases. Erişim Tarihi: 02.06.2022
  • Satman I, Omer B, Tutuncu Y, Kalaca S, Gedik S, Dinccag N, et al. Twelve-year trends in the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and prediabetes in Turkish adults. Eur J Epidemiol. 2013; 28(2): 169-80.
  • Tosun N, Satman İ, Erkoç Y, Buzgan T, Çom S, Keskinkılıç B, Güler S, Yardım N, İmamecioğlu R, Soylu M, Sarıoğlu G, Çobanoğlu N. (Eds), T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Türkiye Diyabet Önleme ve Kontrol Programı Eylem Planı (2011-2014). 1. Baskı. Ankara: Anıl Yayıncılık, 2011.
  • Cena H, Calder PC. Defining a healthy diet: evidence for the role of contemporary dietary patterns in health and disease. Nutrients. 2020; 12(2): 334.
  • Okręglicka K. Health effects of changes in the structure of dietary macronutrients intake in western societies. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2015; 66(2): 97-105.
  • US Department of Agriculture. Dietary guidelines for Americans. 2005. Internet: www.health.gov/dietaryguidelines/dga2005/document. Erişim Tarihi 28.06.2022
  • Drewnowski A. Concept of a nutritious food: toward a nutrient density score. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005; 82(4): 721-32.
  • Maillot M, Darmon N, Darmon M, Lafay L, Drewnowski A. Nutrient-dense food groups have high energy costs: an econometric approach to nutrient profiling. J Nutr. 2007; 137(7): 1815-20.
  • Hingle MD, Wertheim BC, Neuhouser ML, Tinker LF, Howard BV, Johnson K. et al. Association between dietary energy density and incident type 2 diabetes in the women's health ınitiative. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2017; 117(5): 778-85.e1.
  • US Department of Agriculture Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (2012) Dietary energy density and body weight: a review of the evidence. https://www.cnpp.usda.gov/sites/default/files/nutrition_insights_uploads/Insight50.pdf. Erişim Tarihi 04.06.2022
  • Dikmen D, Pekcan G. Besin ögesi örüntü profili: toplu beslenme hizmeti veren kuruluşlarda uygulanan menülerin değerlendirilmesi. Bes Diy Derg. 2013; 41(3): 234-41.
  • Drewnowski A. Uses of nutrient profiling to address public health needs: from regulation to reformulation. Proc Nutr Soc. 2017; 76(3): 220-9.
  • Garsetti M, de Vries J, Smith M, Amosse A, Rolf-Pedersen N. Nutrient profiling schemes: overview and comparative analysis. Eur J Nutr. 2007; 46 Suppl 2: 15-28.
  • Labonte ME, Poon T, Gladanac B, Ahmed M. Franco Arellano B, Rayner M. et al. Nutrient Profile Models with Applications in Government-Led Nutrition Policies Aimed at Health Promotion and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr. 2018; 9(6): 741-88.
  • Reyes M, Garmendia ML, Olivares S, Aqueveque C, Zacarías I, Corvalan C. Development of the Chilean front-of-package food warning label. BMC Public Health. 2019; 19(1): 906.
  • Lehmann U, Charles VR, Vlassopoulos A, Masset G, Spieldenner J. Nutrient profiling for product reformulation: public health impact and benefits for the consumer. Proc Nutr Soc. 2017; 76(3): 255-64.
  • Nicklas TA, O'Neil CE. Development of the SoFAS (solid fats and added sugars) concept: the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Adv Nutr. 2015; 6(3): 368S-75S.
  • Drewnowski A, Amanquah D, Gavin-Smith B. Perspective: How to develop nutrient profiling models intended for global use: a manual. Adv Nutr. 2021; 12(3): 609-620.
  • Dötsch-Klerk M, Jansen L. The Choices programme: a simple, front-of-pack stamp making healthy choices easy. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008; 17 Suppl 1: 383-6.
  • Julia C, Hercberg S. Development of a new front-of-pack nutrition label in France: the 5-colour Nutri-score. Public Health Panorama 2017; 3: 712-25.
  • Rayner M, Scarborough P, Lobstein T. The UK Ofcom Nutrient Profiling Model: defining 'healthy' and 'unhealthy' foods and drinks for TV advertising to children. London: OfCom; 2009.
  • Dubois P, Albuquerque P, Allais O, Bonnet C, Bertail P, Combris P, et al. Effects of front-of-pack labels on the nutritional quality of supermarket food purchases: evidence from a large-scale randomized controlled trial. J Acad Market Sci 2020; 49: 119-38.
  • Wallace TC, Bailey RL, Blumberg JB, Burton-Freeman B, Chen CO, Crowe-White KM, et al. Fruits, vegetables, and health: A comprehensive narrative, umbrella review of the science and recommendations for enhanced public policy to improve intake. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2020; 60(13): 2174-211.
  • Darmon N, Darmon M, Maillot M, Drewnowski A. A nutrient density standard for vegetables and fruits: nutrients per calorie and nutrients per unit cost. J Am Diet Assoc. 2005; 105(12): 1881-7.
  • Drewnowski A, Fulgoni VL 3rd. New nutrient rich food nutrient density models that include nutrients and myplate food groups. Front Nutr. 2020; 7: 107.
  • Monteiro CA, Cannon G, Lawrence M, Costa Louzada ML, Pereira Machado P. 2019. Ultra-processed foods, diet quality, and health using the NOVA classification system. Rome, FAO.
  • Siqueira KB, Borges CA, Binoti ML, Pilati AF, da Silva PH, Gupta S, et al. Nutrient density and affordability of foods in Brazil by food group and degree of processing. Public Health Nutr. 2021; 24(14): 4564-71.
  • Larpin C, Wozniak H, Genton L, Serratrice J. Alimentations vegetariennes et veganes : quelles conséquences sur la sante ? [Vegetarian and vegan diets and their impact on health]. Rev Med Suisse. 2019; 15(667): 1849-53.
  • Bohrer BM. Nutrient density and nutritional value of meat products and non-meat foods high in protein, Trends in Food Science & Technology. 2017; 65: 103-12.
  • Drewnowski A. Adjusting for protein quality by food source may affect nutrient density metrics. Nutr Rev. 2021; 79(10): 1134-44.
  • Abbaspour N, Hurrell R, Kelishadi R. Review on iron and its importance for human health. J Res Med Sci. 2014; 19(2): 164-74.
  • Visser M, Van Zyl T, Hanekom SM, Baumgartner J, Van der Hoeven M, Taljaard-Krugell C, et al. Nutrient density, but not cost of diet, is associated with anemia and iron deficiency in school-age children in South Africa. Nutrition. 2021; 84: 111096.
  • Sieber CC. Malnutrition and sarcopenia. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2019; 31(6): 793-8.
  • Smith A. Sarcopenia, malnutrition and nutrient density in older people. Post Reprod Health. 2014; 20(1): 19-21.
  • Swarup S, Goyal A, Grigorova Y, Zeltser R. Metabolic Syndrome. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. Avalible from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459248/.
  • Cano-Ibaez N, Bueno-Cavanillas A, Martíinez-Gonzalez MA, Salas-Salvado J, Corella D, Freixer GL, et al. Effect of changes in adherence to Mediterranean diet on nutrient density after 1-year of follow-up: results from the PREDIMED-Plus Study. Eur J Nutr. 2020; 59(6): 2395-409.
  • Drewnowski A. Impact of nutrition interventions and dietary nutrient density on productivity in the workplace. Nutr Rev. 2020; 78(3): 215-24.
  • Armitage C. Sustainable nutrition. Nature. 2020; 588(7837): S53.
  • Steen-Olsen K, Weinzettel J, Cranston G, Ercin AE, Hertwich EG. Carbon, land, and water footprint accounts for the European Union: consumption, production, and displacements through international trade. Environ Sci Technol. 2012; 46(20): 10883-91.
  • Drewnowski A, Rehm CD, Martin A, Verger EO, Voinnesson M, Imbert P. Energy and nutrient density of foods in relation to their carbon footprint. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015; 101(1): 184-91.

Besin Ögesi Yoğunluğuna Genel Bakış

Year 2023, Volume: 13 Issue: 3, 491 - 495, 21.09.2023

Çağla Pınarlı Rabia Melda Karaağaç

https://doi.org/10.33631/sabd.1202191

Abstract

Besin ögesi yoğunluğu, sağladığı enerjiden daha fazla besin ögesi içeren besinleri tanımlamak için kullanılmaktadır. Diyetteki enerji yoğunluğu ile besin ögesi yoğunluğu ters orantılıdır. Diyetteki enerji yoğunluğunun azaltılması, vücut ağırlığı yönetimi veya genel sağlığın korunması amacıyla da olsa, besin ögesi yoğunluğunun artmasıyla sonuçlanmaktadır. Besin ögesi yoğunluğu ölçümleri, besin ögesi örüntü profillemelerine dayanmaktadır. Yüksek gelir düzeyine sahip ve gelişmiş ülkelerde besin ögesi örüntü profili modelleri; besin etiketleme, yasaların düzenlenmesi ve vergilerin düzenlenmesi için bilimsel gerekçe sağlamaktadır. Ayrıca besin ögesi yoğunluğu, demir eksikliği anemisi, sarkopeni, malnütrisyon, metabolik sendrom ve çalışma kapasitesi (üretkenlik) ile yakından ilişkili olarak görülmektedir. Besin ögesi yoğunluğu kavramı, aynı zamanda sürdürülebilir bir yaşam için de büyük öneme sahiptir. Dünya nüfusunun 2050 yılına kadar 10 milyara ulaşacağı tahmin edilmektedir. Herkes için yeterli besin ögesine sahip bir diyet sağlarken aynı zamanda gezegen refahını korumanın küresel bir sorun haline geleceği düşünülmektedir. Bu noktada sürdürülebilir beslenme ve sürdürülebilir gıda sistemleri ön plana çıkmaktadır. Araştırmalar, besin ögesi yoğunluğu yüksek olan besinlerin, çevre üzerine de daha olumlu etkileri olduğunu göstermektedir. Tüm bu nedenlerle, besin ögesi yoğunluğu kavramına, beslenme rehberleri ve diyet modelleri içerisinde daha fazla vurgu yapılması gerektiği düşünülmektedir.

Keywords

besin ögesi yoğunluğu sürdürülebilir beslenme besin ögesi örüntü profili

References

  • World Health Organisation. Noncommunicable diseases. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/noncommunicable-diseases. Erişim Tarihi: 02.06.2022
  • Satman I, Omer B, Tutuncu Y, Kalaca S, Gedik S, Dinccag N, et al. Twelve-year trends in the prevalence and risk factors of diabetes and prediabetes in Turkish adults. Eur J Epidemiol. 2013; 28(2): 169-80.
  • Tosun N, Satman İ, Erkoç Y, Buzgan T, Çom S, Keskinkılıç B, Güler S, Yardım N, İmamecioğlu R, Soylu M, Sarıoğlu G, Çobanoğlu N. (Eds), T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı. Türkiye Diyabet Önleme ve Kontrol Programı Eylem Planı (2011-2014). 1. Baskı. Ankara: Anıl Yayıncılık, 2011.
  • Cena H, Calder PC. Defining a healthy diet: evidence for the role of contemporary dietary patterns in health and disease. Nutrients. 2020; 12(2): 334.
  • Okręglicka K. Health effects of changes in the structure of dietary macronutrients intake in western societies. Rocz Panstw Zakl Hig. 2015; 66(2): 97-105.
  • US Department of Agriculture. Dietary guidelines for Americans. 2005. Internet: www.health.gov/dietaryguidelines/dga2005/document. Erişim Tarihi 28.06.2022
  • Drewnowski A. Concept of a nutritious food: toward a nutrient density score. Am J Clin Nutr. 2005; 82(4): 721-32.
  • Maillot M, Darmon N, Darmon M, Lafay L, Drewnowski A. Nutrient-dense food groups have high energy costs: an econometric approach to nutrient profiling. J Nutr. 2007; 137(7): 1815-20.
  • Hingle MD, Wertheim BC, Neuhouser ML, Tinker LF, Howard BV, Johnson K. et al. Association between dietary energy density and incident type 2 diabetes in the women's health ınitiative. J Acad Nutr Diet. 2017; 117(5): 778-85.e1.
  • US Department of Agriculture Center for Nutrition Policy and Promotion (2012) Dietary energy density and body weight: a review of the evidence. https://www.cnpp.usda.gov/sites/default/files/nutrition_insights_uploads/Insight50.pdf. Erişim Tarihi 04.06.2022
  • Dikmen D, Pekcan G. Besin ögesi örüntü profili: toplu beslenme hizmeti veren kuruluşlarda uygulanan menülerin değerlendirilmesi. Bes Diy Derg. 2013; 41(3): 234-41.
  • Drewnowski A. Uses of nutrient profiling to address public health needs: from regulation to reformulation. Proc Nutr Soc. 2017; 76(3): 220-9.
  • Garsetti M, de Vries J, Smith M, Amosse A, Rolf-Pedersen N. Nutrient profiling schemes: overview and comparative analysis. Eur J Nutr. 2007; 46 Suppl 2: 15-28.
  • Labonte ME, Poon T, Gladanac B, Ahmed M. Franco Arellano B, Rayner M. et al. Nutrient Profile Models with Applications in Government-Led Nutrition Policies Aimed at Health Promotion and Noncommunicable Disease Prevention: A Systematic Review. Adv Nutr. 2018; 9(6): 741-88.
  • Reyes M, Garmendia ML, Olivares S, Aqueveque C, Zacarías I, Corvalan C. Development of the Chilean front-of-package food warning label. BMC Public Health. 2019; 19(1): 906.
  • Lehmann U, Charles VR, Vlassopoulos A, Masset G, Spieldenner J. Nutrient profiling for product reformulation: public health impact and benefits for the consumer. Proc Nutr Soc. 2017; 76(3): 255-64.
  • Nicklas TA, O'Neil CE. Development of the SoFAS (solid fats and added sugars) concept: the 2010 Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Adv Nutr. 2015; 6(3): 368S-75S.
  • Drewnowski A, Amanquah D, Gavin-Smith B. Perspective: How to develop nutrient profiling models intended for global use: a manual. Adv Nutr. 2021; 12(3): 609-620.
  • Dötsch-Klerk M, Jansen L. The Choices programme: a simple, front-of-pack stamp making healthy choices easy. Asia Pac J Clin Nutr. 2008; 17 Suppl 1: 383-6.
  • Julia C, Hercberg S. Development of a new front-of-pack nutrition label in France: the 5-colour Nutri-score. Public Health Panorama 2017; 3: 712-25.
  • Rayner M, Scarborough P, Lobstein T. The UK Ofcom Nutrient Profiling Model: defining 'healthy' and 'unhealthy' foods and drinks for TV advertising to children. London: OfCom; 2009.
  • Dubois P, Albuquerque P, Allais O, Bonnet C, Bertail P, Combris P, et al. Effects of front-of-pack labels on the nutritional quality of supermarket food purchases: evidence from a large-scale randomized controlled trial. J Acad Market Sci 2020; 49: 119-38.
  • Wallace TC, Bailey RL, Blumberg JB, Burton-Freeman B, Chen CO, Crowe-White KM, et al. Fruits, vegetables, and health: A comprehensive narrative, umbrella review of the science and recommendations for enhanced public policy to improve intake. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2020; 60(13): 2174-211.
  • Darmon N, Darmon M, Maillot M, Drewnowski A. A nutrient density standard for vegetables and fruits: nutrients per calorie and nutrients per unit cost. J Am Diet Assoc. 2005; 105(12): 1881-7.
  • Drewnowski A, Fulgoni VL 3rd. New nutrient rich food nutrient density models that include nutrients and myplate food groups. Front Nutr. 2020; 7: 107.
  • Monteiro CA, Cannon G, Lawrence M, Costa Louzada ML, Pereira Machado P. 2019. Ultra-processed foods, diet quality, and health using the NOVA classification system. Rome, FAO.
  • Siqueira KB, Borges CA, Binoti ML, Pilati AF, da Silva PH, Gupta S, et al. Nutrient density and affordability of foods in Brazil by food group and degree of processing. Public Health Nutr. 2021; 24(14): 4564-71.
  • Larpin C, Wozniak H, Genton L, Serratrice J. Alimentations vegetariennes et veganes : quelles conséquences sur la sante ? [Vegetarian and vegan diets and their impact on health]. Rev Med Suisse. 2019; 15(667): 1849-53.
  • Bohrer BM. Nutrient density and nutritional value of meat products and non-meat foods high in protein, Trends in Food Science & Technology. 2017; 65: 103-12.
  • Drewnowski A. Adjusting for protein quality by food source may affect nutrient density metrics. Nutr Rev. 2021; 79(10): 1134-44.
  • Abbaspour N, Hurrell R, Kelishadi R. Review on iron and its importance for human health. J Res Med Sci. 2014; 19(2): 164-74.
  • Visser M, Van Zyl T, Hanekom SM, Baumgartner J, Van der Hoeven M, Taljaard-Krugell C, et al. Nutrient density, but not cost of diet, is associated with anemia and iron deficiency in school-age children in South Africa. Nutrition. 2021; 84: 111096.
  • Sieber CC. Malnutrition and sarcopenia. Aging Clin Exp Res. 2019; 31(6): 793-8.
  • Smith A. Sarcopenia, malnutrition and nutrient density in older people. Post Reprod Health. 2014; 20(1): 19-21.
  • Swarup S, Goyal A, Grigorova Y, Zeltser R. Metabolic Syndrome. In: StatPearls. Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing. Avalible from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459248/.
  • Cano-Ibaez N, Bueno-Cavanillas A, Martíinez-Gonzalez MA, Salas-Salvado J, Corella D, Freixer GL, et al. Effect of changes in adherence to Mediterranean diet on nutrient density after 1-year of follow-up: results from the PREDIMED-Plus Study. Eur J Nutr. 2020; 59(6): 2395-409.
  • Drewnowski A. Impact of nutrition interventions and dietary nutrient density on productivity in the workplace. Nutr Rev. 2020; 78(3): 215-24.
  • Armitage C. Sustainable nutrition. Nature. 2020; 588(7837): S53.
  • Steen-Olsen K, Weinzettel J, Cranston G, Ercin AE, Hertwich EG. Carbon, land, and water footprint accounts for the European Union: consumption, production, and displacements through international trade. Environ Sci Technol. 2012; 46(20): 10883-91.
  • Drewnowski A, Rehm CD, Martin A, Verger EO, Voinnesson M, Imbert P. Energy and nutrient density of foods in relation to their carbon footprint. Am J Clin Nutr. 2015; 101(1): 184-91.
There are 40 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Reviews
Authors

Çağla Pınarlı 0000-0002-8733-8148

Rabia Melda Karaağaç 0000-0003-2022-2404

Publication Date September 21, 2023
Submission Date November 10, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 13 Issue: 3

Cite

Vancouver Pınarlı Ç, Karaağaç RM. Besin Ögesi Yoğunluğuna Genel Bakış. VHS. 2023;13(3):491-5.
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