Research Article
BibTex RIS Cite

Topology Optimization of Spinal Cage Designs for Improved Stress Distribution and Bone Graft Window

Year 2023, Volume: 27 Issue: 5, 1046 - 1054, 18.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1295714

Abstract

Interbody fusion is utilized as a treatment for spinal degenerative diseases. Spinal cages, also known as intervertebral cages or interbody fusion devices, are implants employed in spinal surgery to address these conditions and promote spinal stability. These cages are inserted into the intervertebral space between adjacent vertebrae, replacing the damaged or degenerated disc. Spinal cages aid in the distribution of loads and stress at the fusion site and often incorporate a dedicated area for bone graft material. In this study, a topology optimization approach was employed to develop distinct spinal cages featuring a bone graft window. The mechanical behavior of the spinal cages under loading conditions was simulated and evaluated using finite element analysis. Following optimization, a finite element model analysis estimated the maximum stresses and compared them to the initial model. For topology optimization, reductions of 30%, 50%, and 70% in mass were defined. Both the 50% and 70% mass-reduced designs, featuring an open window, are deemed suitable for bone graft placement and stress distribution.

References

  • C. Y. Lin, T. Wirtz, F. LaMarca, S. J. Hollister, “Structural and mechanical evaluations of a topology optimized titanium interbody fusion cage fabricated by selective laser melting process,” Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A: An Official Journal of The Society for Biomaterials, vol. 83, no. 2, pp. 272-279, 2007.
  • T. A. Zdeblick, F.M. Phillips, “Interbody cage devices,” Spine, vol. 28, no. 15S, pp. S2-S7, 2003.
  • Z. Wang, J. Jiang, F. Jian, Z. Chen, X. Wang, W. Duan, W. Zhang, “Interbody Fusion Cage Design Driven by Topology Optimization,” World Neurosurgery, 2023.
  • G. I. Rozvany, “A critical review of established methods of structural topology optimization,” Structural and multidisciplinary optimization, vol. 37, pp. 217-237, 2009.
  • Z. Sun, Y. Wang, Z. Gao, Y. Luo, “Topology optimization of thin-walled structures with directional straight stiffeners,” Applied Mathematical Modelling, vol. 113, pp. 640-663, 2023.
  • R. D. Kundu, X. S. Zhang, “Stress-based topology optimization for fiber composites with improved stiffness and strength: Integrating anisotropic and isotropic materials,” Composite Structures, pp. 117041, 2023.
  • M. Bi, P. Tran, L. Xia, G. Ma, Y. M. Xie, “Topology optimization for 3D concrete printing with various manufacturing constraints,” Additive Manufacturing, vol. 57, pp. 102982, 2022.
  • A. L. R. Prathyusha, G. R. Babu, “A review on additive manufacturing and topology optimization process for weight reduction studies in various industrial applications,” Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 62, pp. 109-117, 2022.
  • H. Wang, Y. Wan, Q. Li, Y. Xia, X. Liu, Z. Liu, X. Li, “Porous fusion cage design via integrated global-local topology optimization and biomechanical analysis of performance,” Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, vol. 112, pp. 103982, 2020.
  • N. Li, Y. Zhang, Q. Tang, H. Wang, D. He, Y. Yao, Y. Fan, “Porous interbody fusion cage design via topology optimization and biomechanical performance analysis,” Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 650-659, 2023.
  • Z. C. Zhong, S. H. Wei, J. P. Wang, C. K. Feng, C. S. Chen, C. H. Yu, “Finite element analysis of the lumbar spine with a new cage using a topology optimization method,” Medical Engineering & Physics, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 90-98, 2006.
  • A. Tovar, S. E. Gano, J. J. Mason, J. E. Renaud, “Optimum design of an interbody implant for lumbar spine fixation”, Advances in Engineering Software, vol. 36, no. 9, pp. 634-642, 2005.
  • H. G. Chuah, I. A. Rahim, M. I. Yusof, “Topology optimisation of spinal interbody cage for reducing stress shielding effect”. Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 319-326, 2010.
  • S. J. Kim, Y. S. Lee, Y. B. Kim, S. W. Park, V. T. Hung, “Clinical and radiological outcomes of a new cage for direct lateral lumbar interbody fusion,” Korean Journal of Spine, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 145, 2014.
  • A. Warburton, S. J. Girdler, C. M. Mikhail, A. Ahn, S.K. Cho, “Biomaterials in spinal implants: a review,” Neurospine, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 101, 2020.
  • L. S. Chatham, V. V. Patel, C. M. Yakacki, R. Dana Carpenter, “Interbody spacer material properties and design conformity for reducing subsidence during lumbar interbody fusion,” Journal of biomechanical engineering, vol. 139, no.5, pp.1-7, 2017.
  • J. Ma, Y. He, Z. L. Zhao, Y. M. Xie, “Topology optimization of ribbed slabs and shells,” Engineering Structures, vol. 277, pp. 115454, 2023.
  • J. Y. Zheng, M. W. Fu, F. Zeng, “Design and Development of Multi-Scaled Metallic Parts and Structures”, 2022.
  • Q. Wang, “Simulations of the bending rigidity of graphene,” Physics Letters A, vol. 374, no. 9, pp. 1180-1183, 2010.
  • R. Srinivasan, W. Ruban, A. Deepanraj, R. Bhuvanesh, T. Bhuvanesh, “Effect on infill density on mechanical properties of PETG part fabricated by fused deposition modelling,” Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 27, pp. 1838-1842, 2020.
  • E. Gültekin, M. A. Yahşi, “A Study About Shape and Topology Optimizations on A Connecting Rod,” International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology, 5(2), 141-146, 2021.
Year 2023, Volume: 27 Issue: 5, 1046 - 1054, 18.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1295714

Abstract

References

  • C. Y. Lin, T. Wirtz, F. LaMarca, S. J. Hollister, “Structural and mechanical evaluations of a topology optimized titanium interbody fusion cage fabricated by selective laser melting process,” Journal of Biomedical Materials Research Part A: An Official Journal of The Society for Biomaterials, vol. 83, no. 2, pp. 272-279, 2007.
  • T. A. Zdeblick, F.M. Phillips, “Interbody cage devices,” Spine, vol. 28, no. 15S, pp. S2-S7, 2003.
  • Z. Wang, J. Jiang, F. Jian, Z. Chen, X. Wang, W. Duan, W. Zhang, “Interbody Fusion Cage Design Driven by Topology Optimization,” World Neurosurgery, 2023.
  • G. I. Rozvany, “A critical review of established methods of structural topology optimization,” Structural and multidisciplinary optimization, vol. 37, pp. 217-237, 2009.
  • Z. Sun, Y. Wang, Z. Gao, Y. Luo, “Topology optimization of thin-walled structures with directional straight stiffeners,” Applied Mathematical Modelling, vol. 113, pp. 640-663, 2023.
  • R. D. Kundu, X. S. Zhang, “Stress-based topology optimization for fiber composites with improved stiffness and strength: Integrating anisotropic and isotropic materials,” Composite Structures, pp. 117041, 2023.
  • M. Bi, P. Tran, L. Xia, G. Ma, Y. M. Xie, “Topology optimization for 3D concrete printing with various manufacturing constraints,” Additive Manufacturing, vol. 57, pp. 102982, 2022.
  • A. L. R. Prathyusha, G. R. Babu, “A review on additive manufacturing and topology optimization process for weight reduction studies in various industrial applications,” Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 62, pp. 109-117, 2022.
  • H. Wang, Y. Wan, Q. Li, Y. Xia, X. Liu, Z. Liu, X. Li, “Porous fusion cage design via integrated global-local topology optimization and biomechanical analysis of performance,” Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Biomedical Materials, vol. 112, pp. 103982, 2020.
  • N. Li, Y. Zhang, Q. Tang, H. Wang, D. He, Y. Yao, Y. Fan, “Porous interbody fusion cage design via topology optimization and biomechanical performance analysis,” Computer Methods in Biomechanics and Biomedical Engineering, vol. 26, no. 6, pp. 650-659, 2023.
  • Z. C. Zhong, S. H. Wei, J. P. Wang, C. K. Feng, C. S. Chen, C. H. Yu, “Finite element analysis of the lumbar spine with a new cage using a topology optimization method,” Medical Engineering & Physics, vol. 28, no. 1, pp. 90-98, 2006.
  • A. Tovar, S. E. Gano, J. J. Mason, J. E. Renaud, “Optimum design of an interbody implant for lumbar spine fixation”, Advances in Engineering Software, vol. 36, no. 9, pp. 634-642, 2005.
  • H. G. Chuah, I. A. Rahim, M. I. Yusof, “Topology optimisation of spinal interbody cage for reducing stress shielding effect”. Computer methods in biomechanics and biomedical engineering, vol. 13, no. 3, pp. 319-326, 2010.
  • S. J. Kim, Y. S. Lee, Y. B. Kim, S. W. Park, V. T. Hung, “Clinical and radiological outcomes of a new cage for direct lateral lumbar interbody fusion,” Korean Journal of Spine, vol. 11, no. 3, pp. 145, 2014.
  • A. Warburton, S. J. Girdler, C. M. Mikhail, A. Ahn, S.K. Cho, “Biomaterials in spinal implants: a review,” Neurospine, vol. 17, no. 1, pp. 101, 2020.
  • L. S. Chatham, V. V. Patel, C. M. Yakacki, R. Dana Carpenter, “Interbody spacer material properties and design conformity for reducing subsidence during lumbar interbody fusion,” Journal of biomechanical engineering, vol. 139, no.5, pp.1-7, 2017.
  • J. Ma, Y. He, Z. L. Zhao, Y. M. Xie, “Topology optimization of ribbed slabs and shells,” Engineering Structures, vol. 277, pp. 115454, 2023.
  • J. Y. Zheng, M. W. Fu, F. Zeng, “Design and Development of Multi-Scaled Metallic Parts and Structures”, 2022.
  • Q. Wang, “Simulations of the bending rigidity of graphene,” Physics Letters A, vol. 374, no. 9, pp. 1180-1183, 2010.
  • R. Srinivasan, W. Ruban, A. Deepanraj, R. Bhuvanesh, T. Bhuvanesh, “Effect on infill density on mechanical properties of PETG part fabricated by fused deposition modelling,” Materials Today: Proceedings, vol. 27, pp. 1838-1842, 2020.
  • E. Gültekin, M. A. Yahşi, “A Study About Shape and Topology Optimizations on A Connecting Rod,” International Journal of Automotive Science And Technology, 5(2), 141-146, 2021.
There are 21 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Engineering, Mechanical Engineering
Journal Section Research Articles
Authors

Meltem Eryıldız 0000-0002-2683-560X

Early Pub Date October 5, 2023
Publication Date October 18, 2023
Submission Date May 11, 2023
Acceptance Date July 12, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 27 Issue: 5

Cite

APA Eryıldız, M. (2023). Topology Optimization of Spinal Cage Designs for Improved Stress Distribution and Bone Graft Window. Sakarya University Journal of Science, 27(5), 1046-1054. https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1295714
AMA Eryıldız M. Topology Optimization of Spinal Cage Designs for Improved Stress Distribution and Bone Graft Window. SAUJS. October 2023;27(5):1046-1054. doi:10.16984/saufenbilder.1295714
Chicago Eryıldız, Meltem. “Topology Optimization of Spinal Cage Designs for Improved Stress Distribution and Bone Graft Window”. Sakarya University Journal of Science 27, no. 5 (October 2023): 1046-54. https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1295714.
EndNote Eryıldız M (October 1, 2023) Topology Optimization of Spinal Cage Designs for Improved Stress Distribution and Bone Graft Window. Sakarya University Journal of Science 27 5 1046–1054.
IEEE M. Eryıldız, “Topology Optimization of Spinal Cage Designs for Improved Stress Distribution and Bone Graft Window”, SAUJS, vol. 27, no. 5, pp. 1046–1054, 2023, doi: 10.16984/saufenbilder.1295714.
ISNAD Eryıldız, Meltem. “Topology Optimization of Spinal Cage Designs for Improved Stress Distribution and Bone Graft Window”. Sakarya University Journal of Science 27/5 (October 2023), 1046-1054. https://doi.org/10.16984/saufenbilder.1295714.
JAMA Eryıldız M. Topology Optimization of Spinal Cage Designs for Improved Stress Distribution and Bone Graft Window. SAUJS. 2023;27:1046–1054.
MLA Eryıldız, Meltem. “Topology Optimization of Spinal Cage Designs for Improved Stress Distribution and Bone Graft Window”. Sakarya University Journal of Science, vol. 27, no. 5, 2023, pp. 1046-54, doi:10.16984/saufenbilder.1295714.
Vancouver Eryıldız M. Topology Optimization of Spinal Cage Designs for Improved Stress Distribution and Bone Graft Window. SAUJS. 2023;27(5):1046-54.