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The Relationship Of Depression-Anxiety Inspection And Hypertension In Newly Diagnosed Young Hypertensive Patients

Year 2022, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 176 - 181, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.18663/tjcl.873503

Abstract

Aim: Hypertension (HT) is a very important risk factor for cerebrovascular, renal and various vascular diseases, especially
cardiovascular diseases. It is seen in almost 1/3 of the adult world population and its incidence is gradually increasing.
95% of HT is essential and various reasons are emphasized in the etiology. Conditions that cause psychological stress,
especially depression; Although the relationship between them is not clear, it was seen as a risk factor for HT. Because
they will live with HT for a long time, early diagnosis and treatment is important, especially in young patients. Predisposing
factors should also be taken into account in treatment. Anxiety and depression, which are called increased sympathetic
activity in young people, can be a trigger for HT. In this study, we wanted to investigate the susceptibility to depressionanxiety in newly diagnosed young hypertensive patients. According to the result, we thought that we could make new
recommendations in the treatment of HT.
Materials and Methods: 175 patients under the age of 45 with newly diagnosed HT and 125 individuals under 45 without
any health problems were included in the study. Those diagnosed with HT with secondary reasons and those with chronic
diseases such as coronary artery disease (CAD), diabetes mellitus (DM), chronic renal failure (CRF), congestive heart failure
(CHF) were excluded from the study. Testing was performed with the Hospital Depression Anxiety Scale (HDAS). In this test
for both anxiety and depression; 0-7 points were considered normal, 8-10 points were considered borderline, and over 11
points were considered abnormal.
Results: When the results were evaluated, there was no difference between the groups in terms of age, gender, and
routine biochemical tests. Both depression and anxiety scales were found to be significantly higher in the HT group. In
young hypertensive patients, we have seen that HT and depression-anxiety frequently coexist.
Conclusion: In this case, we should definitely examine the psychological stress states of young patients we diagnosed with
HT. It would be appropriate to refer patients who we think may have depression and anxiety for psychological support and
treatment. When psychological problems are treated, HT may improve without the need for antihypertensive treatment.
Thus, we can develop new approaches in HT treatment.

References

  • Referans1. Mucci N, Giorgi G, Ceratti S, Fiz-Perz J, Mucci F et al. Anxiety, stres-reladed factors, and blood pressure in young adult. Frontiers in Psychology 2016; 7:1682. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01682 .
  • Referans2. Go AS, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics--2014 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2014; 129(3):e28–e292. [PubMed: 24352519]
  • Referans3. Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, Peto R.,Collins R, and Prospective Studies Collaboration. Age-specific relev ance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet 2002; 360, 1903–1913.doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11911-8.
  • Referans4. Falaschetti E, Mindell J, Knott C and Poulter N. Hypertension Management in England: a serial cross-sectional study from1994 to 2011. Lancet 2014; 383, 1912–1919.doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60688-7
  • Referans5. Pilic L, Pedlar C.R and Mavrommatis Y. Salt-sensitive hypertension: Mechanisms and effects of dietary and other lifestyle factors. Nutr. Rev 1016; 74, 645–658. doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuw028.
  • Referans6. Sparrenberger F, et al. Does psychosocial stress cause hypertension? A systematic review of observational studies. J Hum Hypertens. 2009; 23(1):12–19. [PubMed: 18615099] .
  • Referans7. Spruill TM. Chronic psychosocial stress and hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2010; 12(1):10–16. [PubMed: 20425153].
  • Referans8. Steptoe A. Psychosocial factors in the development of hypertension. Ann Med. 2000; 32(5):371–375. [PubMed: 10949069]
  • Referans9. The fifth report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC V). Arch Intern Med. 1993; 153(2):154–183. [PubMed: 8422206]
  • Referans10. Jönsson,P.,Österberg,K.,Wallergård,M.,Hansen,Å.M.,Garde,A.H., Johansson,G.,etal.(2015). Exhaustion-related changes in cardiovascular and cortisol reactivity to acute psychosocial stress. Physiol.Behav. 151, 327–337.doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.07.020
  • Referans11. HirokawaK ,Ohira T, Nagayoshi M, KajiuraM, Imano H, Kitamura A, et al. Occupational status and job stressin relation to cardiovascular Stress reactivity in Japanese workers. Prev.Med.Rep. 2016; 4,61–67.doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.05.010 Referans12. Cuffee Y ,OgedegbeC ,Williams N.J, Ogedegbe G, andSchoenthaler A. Psychosocial risk factors for hypertension: an update of the literature. Curr. Hypertens.Rep. 2014; 16, 483.doi:10.1007/s11906-014-0483–483
  • Referans13. Pan Y, Cai W, Cheng Q, DongW, An T, andYan J. Association between anxiety and hypertension: a systematic rev; Neuropsychiatr.Dis.Treat 2015; 11, 1121–1130.doi: 10.2147/NDT.S77710
  • Referans14. Shah A.J, Veledar E, Hong Y, Bremner J.D, andVaccarinoV. Depression and history of attempted suicide as risk factors for heart disease Mortality in young individuals. Arch.Gen.Psychiatry 2011;68, 1135–1142.doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.125
  • Referans15. Jackson C.A, Pathirana T, and Gardiner P.A. Depression, Anxiety and risk of hypertension in mid-aged women: a prospective longitudinal study. J. Hypertens. 2016;34, 1959–1966.doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000001030
  • Referans16. Mermerelis A, Kyvelou S.M, Vellinga A, Papageorgiou C, Stefanadis C, and Douzenis, A. Association between anxiety and depression symptoms with resistant hypertension and central hemodynamics: a pilot study. Hellenic J. Cardiol. 2016; 57, 203–204.doi:10.1016/j.hjc.2016.07.004. Referans17. Caricati L, Chiesa R, Guglielmi D, and Mariani M.G. Real and perceived employability: a comparison among Italian graduates. J. High.Educ. Policy Manag. 2016;38, 490–502.doi:10.1080/1360080X.2016.1182668
  • Referans18. Guimont C . Effects of job strain on blood pressure: a prospective study of male and female white-collar workers. Am J Public Health. 2006; 96(8):1436–1443. [PubMed: 16809603]
  • Referans19. Markovitz JH. Increases in job strain are associated with incident hypertension in the CARDIA Study. Ann Behav Med. 2004; 28(1):4–9. [PubMed: 15249254]
  • Referans20. Ganzel B.L, and Morris P.A. Allostasis and the developing human brain: Explicit consideration of implicit models. Dev. Psychopathol. 2011; 23, 955–974.doi: 10.1017/S0954579411000447
  • Referans21. Ford M.T. Perceive dunfairness at work, social and personal resources, and resting blood pressure. StressHealth 2014; 30, 12–22.doi:10.1002/smi.2491
  • Referans22. Kivimäki M, Ferrie J.E, Shipley M, Gimeno D, Elovainio M ,deVogli R, et al. Effects on blood pressure do not explain the association between organizational justice and coronary hear tdisease in the Whitehall II study. Psychosom.Med. 2008; 70, 1–6.doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e31815aaca3
  • Referans23. Virtanen M, Nyberg S.T, Batty G.D, Jokela M, Heikkilä K, Fransson E.I, et al. Perceived job insecurity as a risk factor fo rincident coronary heart disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2013; 347, f4746. doi: 10.1136/bmj.f4746
  • Referans24. Trudel X, Brisson C, Milot A, Masse B, andVézina M. Adverse Psychosocial work factors, blood pressure and hypertension incidence: repeated exposure in a 5-year prospective cohort study. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 2016; 70, 402–408.doi:10.1136/jech-2014-204914

Yeni Tanılı, Genç Hipertansif Hastalarda Depresyon- Anksiyete Yatkınlığının Hipertansiyonla İlişkisi

Year 2022, Volume: 13 Issue: 2, 176 - 181, 30.06.2022
https://doi.org/10.18663/tjcl.873503

Abstract

Amaç: Hipertansiyon (HT) başta kardiyovasküler hastalıklar olmak üzere, serebrovasküler, renal ve çeşitli vasküler hastalıklar
için çok önemli bir risk faktörüdür. Erişkin dünya nüfusunun neredeyse 1/3 nde görülmektedir ve insidansı giderek artmaktadır.
HT nun %95 i esansiyeldir ve etiyolojide çok çeşitli nedenler üzerinde durulmaktadır. Depresyon başta olmak üzere psikolojik
stres yapan durumlar; aralarındaki ilişki net olmamakla beraber HT için risk faktörü olarak görülmüştür.
Özellikle genç hastalarda; uzun süre HT ile beraber yaşayacakları için, erken tanı ve tedavi önemlidir. Tedavide predispozan
faktörler de dikkate alınmalıdır. Gençlerde sempatik aktivite artışına denen olan anksiyete ve depresyon HT için bir
tetikleyici olabilir. Bu çalışmada, yeni tanılı genç hipertansif hastalarda, depresyon- anksiyete yatkınlığını araştırmak
istedik. Çıkacak sonuca göre HT tedavisinde yeni önerilerde bulunabileceğimizi düşündük.
Gereç ve Yöntemler: Çalışmaya yeni HT tanısı almış 45 yaş altı 175 hasta ile 45 yaş altı herhangi bir sağlık sorunu olmayan
125 kişi kontrol grubu olarak alındı. Sekonder nedenli HT tanısı olanlar ve koroner arter hastalığı (KAH), diabetes mellitus
(DM),kronik renal yetmezlik (KRY), konjestif kalp yetmezliği (KKY) kronik hastalığı olanlar çalışmadan dışlandı. Herkese
rutin laboratuvar testleri yapıldı. Hastane Depresyon Anksiyete Skalası (HDAS) ile test yapıldı. Bu testte hem anksiyete hem
de depresyon için; 0-7 puan arası normal, 8-10 puan arası sınırda, 11 puanın üstü ise anormal olarak kabul edildi.
Bulgular: Sonuçlar değerlendirildiğinde , yaş, cinsiyet, rutin biyokimyasal testlerde , gruplar arasında fark yoktu. HT
grubunda hem depresyon hem de anksiyete skalası anlamlı olarak yüksek bulundu. Genç hipertansif hastalarda HT ile
depresyon- anksiyetenin sıklıkla birlikte olduğu görüldü.
Sonuç: Bu durumda, yen HT tanısı koyduğumuz genç hastaların psikolojik stres durumlarını mutlaka irdelememiz gerekir.
Yüksek oranda depresyon ve anksiyete düşündüğümüz hastaları psikolojik destek ve tedavi için yönlendirmemiz uygun
olur. Psikolojik sorunlar tedavi edilince belki de antihipertansif tedavi gerekmeden HT düzelebilir. Böylece HT tedavisinde
yeni yaklaşımlar geliştirebiliriz

References

  • Referans1. Mucci N, Giorgi G, Ceratti S, Fiz-Perz J, Mucci F et al. Anxiety, stres-reladed factors, and blood pressure in young adult. Frontiers in Psychology 2016; 7:1682. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2016.01682 .
  • Referans2. Go AS, et al. Heart disease and stroke statistics--2014 update: a report from the American Heart Association. Circulation. 2014; 129(3):e28–e292. [PubMed: 24352519]
  • Referans3. Lewington S, Clarke R, Qizilbash N, Peto R.,Collins R, and Prospective Studies Collaboration. Age-specific relev ance of usual blood pressure to vascular mortality: a meta-analysis of individual data for one million adults in 61 prospective studies. Lancet 2002; 360, 1903–1913.doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(02)11911-8.
  • Referans4. Falaschetti E, Mindell J, Knott C and Poulter N. Hypertension Management in England: a serial cross-sectional study from1994 to 2011. Lancet 2014; 383, 1912–1919.doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(14)60688-7
  • Referans5. Pilic L, Pedlar C.R and Mavrommatis Y. Salt-sensitive hypertension: Mechanisms and effects of dietary and other lifestyle factors. Nutr. Rev 1016; 74, 645–658. doi:10.1093/nutrit/nuw028.
  • Referans6. Sparrenberger F, et al. Does psychosocial stress cause hypertension? A systematic review of observational studies. J Hum Hypertens. 2009; 23(1):12–19. [PubMed: 18615099] .
  • Referans7. Spruill TM. Chronic psychosocial stress and hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep. 2010; 12(1):10–16. [PubMed: 20425153].
  • Referans8. Steptoe A. Psychosocial factors in the development of hypertension. Ann Med. 2000; 32(5):371–375. [PubMed: 10949069]
  • Referans9. The fifth report of the Joint National Committee on Detection, Evaluation, and Treatment of High Blood Pressure (JNC V). Arch Intern Med. 1993; 153(2):154–183. [PubMed: 8422206]
  • Referans10. Jönsson,P.,Österberg,K.,Wallergård,M.,Hansen,Å.M.,Garde,A.H., Johansson,G.,etal.(2015). Exhaustion-related changes in cardiovascular and cortisol reactivity to acute psychosocial stress. Physiol.Behav. 151, 327–337.doi: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2015.07.020
  • Referans11. HirokawaK ,Ohira T, Nagayoshi M, KajiuraM, Imano H, Kitamura A, et al. Occupational status and job stressin relation to cardiovascular Stress reactivity in Japanese workers. Prev.Med.Rep. 2016; 4,61–67.doi: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2016.05.010 Referans12. Cuffee Y ,OgedegbeC ,Williams N.J, Ogedegbe G, andSchoenthaler A. Psychosocial risk factors for hypertension: an update of the literature. Curr. Hypertens.Rep. 2014; 16, 483.doi:10.1007/s11906-014-0483–483
  • Referans13. Pan Y, Cai W, Cheng Q, DongW, An T, andYan J. Association between anxiety and hypertension: a systematic rev; Neuropsychiatr.Dis.Treat 2015; 11, 1121–1130.doi: 10.2147/NDT.S77710
  • Referans14. Shah A.J, Veledar E, Hong Y, Bremner J.D, andVaccarinoV. Depression and history of attempted suicide as risk factors for heart disease Mortality in young individuals. Arch.Gen.Psychiatry 2011;68, 1135–1142.doi: 10.1001/archgenpsychiatry.2011.125
  • Referans15. Jackson C.A, Pathirana T, and Gardiner P.A. Depression, Anxiety and risk of hypertension in mid-aged women: a prospective longitudinal study. J. Hypertens. 2016;34, 1959–1966.doi:10.1097/HJH.0000000000001030
  • Referans16. Mermerelis A, Kyvelou S.M, Vellinga A, Papageorgiou C, Stefanadis C, and Douzenis, A. Association between anxiety and depression symptoms with resistant hypertension and central hemodynamics: a pilot study. Hellenic J. Cardiol. 2016; 57, 203–204.doi:10.1016/j.hjc.2016.07.004. Referans17. Caricati L, Chiesa R, Guglielmi D, and Mariani M.G. Real and perceived employability: a comparison among Italian graduates. J. High.Educ. Policy Manag. 2016;38, 490–502.doi:10.1080/1360080X.2016.1182668
  • Referans18. Guimont C . Effects of job strain on blood pressure: a prospective study of male and female white-collar workers. Am J Public Health. 2006; 96(8):1436–1443. [PubMed: 16809603]
  • Referans19. Markovitz JH. Increases in job strain are associated with incident hypertension in the CARDIA Study. Ann Behav Med. 2004; 28(1):4–9. [PubMed: 15249254]
  • Referans20. Ganzel B.L, and Morris P.A. Allostasis and the developing human brain: Explicit consideration of implicit models. Dev. Psychopathol. 2011; 23, 955–974.doi: 10.1017/S0954579411000447
  • Referans21. Ford M.T. Perceive dunfairness at work, social and personal resources, and resting blood pressure. StressHealth 2014; 30, 12–22.doi:10.1002/smi.2491
  • Referans22. Kivimäki M, Ferrie J.E, Shipley M, Gimeno D, Elovainio M ,deVogli R, et al. Effects on blood pressure do not explain the association between organizational justice and coronary hear tdisease in the Whitehall II study. Psychosom.Med. 2008; 70, 1–6.doi:10.1097/PSY.0b013e31815aaca3
  • Referans23. Virtanen M, Nyberg S.T, Batty G.D, Jokela M, Heikkilä K, Fransson E.I, et al. Perceived job insecurity as a risk factor fo rincident coronary heart disease: systematic review and meta-analysis. BMJ 2013; 347, f4746. doi: 10.1136/bmj.f4746
  • Referans24. Trudel X, Brisson C, Milot A, Masse B, andVézina M. Adverse Psychosocial work factors, blood pressure and hypertension incidence: repeated exposure in a 5-year prospective cohort study. J. Epidemiol. Community Health 2016; 70, 402–408.doi:10.1136/jech-2014-204914
There are 22 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Health Care Administration
Journal Section Orıgınal Artıcle
Authors

Mustafa Kuzeytemiz 0000-0002-3316-2490

Bilgen Biçer Kanat

Publication Date June 30, 2022
Published in Issue Year 2022 Volume: 13 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Kuzeytemiz, M., & Biçer Kanat, B. (2022). The Relationship Of Depression-Anxiety Inspection And Hypertension In Newly Diagnosed Young Hypertensive Patients. Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory, 13(2), 176-181. https://doi.org/10.18663/tjcl.873503
AMA Kuzeytemiz M, Biçer Kanat B. The Relationship Of Depression-Anxiety Inspection And Hypertension In Newly Diagnosed Young Hypertensive Patients. TJCL. June 2022;13(2):176-181. doi:10.18663/tjcl.873503
Chicago Kuzeytemiz, Mustafa, and Bilgen Biçer Kanat. “The Relationship Of Depression-Anxiety Inspection And Hypertension In Newly Diagnosed Young Hypertensive Patients”. Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory 13, no. 2 (June 2022): 176-81. https://doi.org/10.18663/tjcl.873503.
EndNote Kuzeytemiz M, Biçer Kanat B (June 1, 2022) The Relationship Of Depression-Anxiety Inspection And Hypertension In Newly Diagnosed Young Hypertensive Patients. Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory 13 2 176–181.
IEEE M. Kuzeytemiz and B. Biçer Kanat, “The Relationship Of Depression-Anxiety Inspection And Hypertension In Newly Diagnosed Young Hypertensive Patients”, TJCL, vol. 13, no. 2, pp. 176–181, 2022, doi: 10.18663/tjcl.873503.
ISNAD Kuzeytemiz, Mustafa - Biçer Kanat, Bilgen. “The Relationship Of Depression-Anxiety Inspection And Hypertension In Newly Diagnosed Young Hypertensive Patients”. Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory 13/2 (June 2022), 176-181. https://doi.org/10.18663/tjcl.873503.
JAMA Kuzeytemiz M, Biçer Kanat B. The Relationship Of Depression-Anxiety Inspection And Hypertension In Newly Diagnosed Young Hypertensive Patients. TJCL. 2022;13:176–181.
MLA Kuzeytemiz, Mustafa and Bilgen Biçer Kanat. “The Relationship Of Depression-Anxiety Inspection And Hypertension In Newly Diagnosed Young Hypertensive Patients”. Turkish Journal of Clinics and Laboratory, vol. 13, no. 2, 2022, pp. 176-81, doi:10.18663/tjcl.873503.
Vancouver Kuzeytemiz M, Biçer Kanat B. The Relationship Of Depression-Anxiety Inspection And Hypertension In Newly Diagnosed Young Hypertensive Patients. TJCL. 2022;13(2):176-81.


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