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The effect of evening primrose oil on some biochemical parameters in brain tissue in a model of metabolic syndrome induced with fructose in rats

Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 115 - 122, 30.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.47748/tjvr.1358395

Abstract

Objective: Metabolic syndrome is a disease characterized by hypertension, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance, and constitutes an important risk factor for cardiovascular disorders. The effect of evening primrose oil (EPO) on insülin, adiponectin and resistin levels in brain tissue was investigated in a fructose-related metabolic syndrome model.
Materials and Methods: The rats were divided into 4 groups as control, evening primrose oil (orally at a dose of 0.1 ml/rat/day), fructose (20% fructose added), fructose+evening primrose oil for 57 days. At the end of the experiment, brain samples were taken and homogenized. Then, insülin, adiponectin and resistin levels were determined by ELISA.
Results: Plasma insulin and resistin levels of the fructose group increased (p≤0.05 ) compared to the controls, on the contrary, adiponectin levels were significantly decreased (p≤0.05 ) in the fructose group. When EPO was given to rats given fructose, increased insulin and resistin levels decreased, while decreased adiponectin levels were increased.
Conclusion: Fructose-induced impaired metabolic changes in brain tissue were partially ameliorated when EPO was administered. Accordingly, the use of EPO in the medical setting may be recommended by clinicians to reduce the harmful effects on the brain, since metabolic changes in the brains of rat fed with high fructose content can also occur with the intake of fructose from various foods in humans.

References

  • Abo-Gresha NM, Abel-Aziz EZ, Greish SM. Evening primrose oil ameliorates platelet aggregation and improves cardiac recovery in myocardial-infarct hypercholesterolemic rats. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol. 2014; 6(1):23-36.
  • Al-Rasheed NM, Abdelkarem HM, Fadda LM, et al. Amelioration of insulin, leptin, and adiponectin levels in experimental metabolic syndrome model by some drugs. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2016;701-707.
  • Arita Y, Kihara S, Ouchi N, et al. Paradoxical decrease of an adipose-specific protein, adiponectin, in obesity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999; 425:560-564.
  • Arslan S, Şanlıer N. Fruktoz ve sağlık. Mersin Univ Saglık Bilim Derg. 2016; 9 (3):150-158.
  • Bagul PK, Middela H, Matapally S, et al. Attenuation of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and hepatic oxidative stress by resveratrol in fructose-fed rats. Pharmacol Res. 2012; 66(3):260-268.
  • Berger A. Resistin: A new hormone that links obesity with type 2 diabetes. BMJ 2001;(27):193-322.
  • Bircan FS. Fruktoz Diyeti ile Metabolik Sendrom Oluşturulan Sıçanlarin Kalp ve Karaciğerinde Resveratrolün Antioksidan Etkisinin İncelenmesi [Doktora Tezi].Ankara: Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2014.
  • Blázquez E,Velázquez E, Hurtado-Carneiro V et al.Insulin in the brain: Its pathophysiological implications for states related with central insulin resistance, Type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2014; 5 (161):1-21.
  • Bloch-Damti A, Bashan N. Proposed mechanisms for the induction of insulin resistance by oxidative stress. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2005;7(1):553-1567.
  • Chandran M, Phillips S. Adiponectin: More than just another fat cell hormone? Diabetes Care. 2003; 26:2442-2450.
  • Crescenzo R, Bianco F, Falcone I, et al. Increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis and mitochondrial efficiency in a model of obesity induced by diets rich in fructose. Eur J Nutr. 2013; 52(2):537-542.
  • Delbosc S, Paizanis E, Magous R, et al. Involvement of oxidative stress and NADPH oxidase activation in the development of cardiovascular complications in a model of insulin resistance, the fructose-fed rat. Atherosclerosis. 2005; 179:43-49.
  • Devaskar SU, Giddings SJ, Rajakumar PA, et al. Insulin gene expression and insulin synthesis in mammalian neuronal cells. J Biol Chem. 1994; 269 (11):8445-8454.
  • Dorn A, Rinne A, Bernstein HG, et al. Insulin and C-peptide in human brain neurons (insulin/C-peptide/brain peptides/ immunohistochemistry/radioimmunoassay). J Hirnforsch. 1983; 24(5):495-499.
  • Dheen ST, Tay SS, Wong WC. Arginine vasopressin and oxytocinlike immunoreactive neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Arch Histol Cytol. 1994; 57:461-472.
  • de Moura RF, Ribeiro C, Oliveira JA, et al. Metabolic syndrome signs in Wistar rats submitted to different high-fructose ingestion protocols. Br J Nutr. 2008; 101(8):1178-1184.
  • Fruebis J, Tsao TS, Javorschi S, et al. Proteolytic cleavage product of 30-kDa adipocyte complement-related protein increases fatty acid oxidation in muscle and causes weight loss in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001; 98:2005-2010.
  • Fu Y, Luo N. Adiponectin promotes adipocyte differentiation, insulin sensitivity, and lipid accumulation. J Lipid Res. 2005;1369-1379.
  • Grattagliano I, Palmieri VO, Portincasa P, et al. Oxidative stress-induced risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome: A unifying hypothesis. J Nutr Biochem 2008; 19(8):491-504.
  • Grober E, Hall CB, Hahn SR, et al. Memory impairment and executive dysfunction are associated with inadequately controlled diabetes in older adults. J Prim Care Community Health. 2011; 2:229- 233.
  • Herculano-Houzel S. Scaling of brain metabolism with a fixed energy budget per neuron: implications for neuronal activity, plasticity and evolution. PLoS One 2011;6:e17514.
  • Horani MH, Mooradian AD. Effect of diabetes on the blood-brain barrier. Curr Pharmaceut Design. 2003;9:833-840.
  • Jinhua Y. Measurement of salivary resistin level in patients with type 2 diabetes. Int J Endoc. 2012;2012:359724
  • Kamari Y, Grossman E, Oron-Herman M, et al. Metabolic stress with a high carbohydrate diet increases adiponectin levels. Horm Metab Res. 2007; 39(5):384-388.
  • Kaya Z. Arsenikle Lipid Peroksidasyon Oluşturulan Ratlarda Çuha Çiçeği Yağının Etkileri [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Kayseri: Erciyes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Farmakoloji Toksikoloji Anabilim Dalı; 2010. Kishore U, Reid K. Structure, function, and receptors. Immuno pharmacol. 2000;49:159- 170.
  • Klein JP, Waxman SG. The brain in diabetes: molecular changes in neurons and their implications for end-organ damage. Lancet Neurology. 2003; 2:548-54.
  • Lee JH, Chan JL, Yiannakouris N, et al. Circulating resistin levels are not associated with obesity or insulin resistance in humans and are not regulated by fasting or leptin administration: cross-sectional and interventional studies in normal, insulin-resistant, and diabetic subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003; 88:4848-4856.
  • Levine AS, Kotz CM, Gosnell BA.Sugars and fats: the neurobiology of preference. J Nutr. 2003; 133:831-834. Malik VS, Popkin BM, Bray GA. Sugar-sweetened beverages, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease risk. Circulation. 2010; 121:1356-1364.
  • Maslov LN, Naryzhnaya NV, Boshchenko AA, et al. Is oxidative stress of adipocytes a cause or a consequence of the metabolic syndrome? J Clin Transl Endocrinol. 2018; 9(15):1-5.
  • Mert H, İrak K, Çibuk S, et al.The effect of evening primrose oil (Oenothera biennis) on the level of adiponectin and some biochemical parameters in rats with fructose-induced metabolic syndrome. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2022; 128(6):1539-1547.
  • McFarlin B. Pomegranate seed oil consumption during a period of high-fat feeding reduces weight gain and reduces type 2 diabetes risk in CD-1 mice. Br J Nutr 2009;(1):54-59.
  • Mohamed AA, Galal AA, Elewa YH. Comparative protective effects of royal jelly and cod liver oil against the neurotoxic impact of tartrazine on male rat pups brain. Acta Histochem. 2015;117(7): 649-658.
  • Neilson G. The fructose. JASN 2007; 18:2619 -2622.
  • Rayssiguier Y, Gueux E, Nowacki W, et al. High fructose consumption combined with low dietary magnesium intake may increase the incidence of the metabolic syndrome by inducing inflammation. Magnes Res. 2006; 19(4):237-243.
  • Reagan LP, Rosell DR, Alves SE, et al. GLUT8 glucose transporter is localized to excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the rat hippocampus. Brain Res. 2002; 932:129-134.
  • Savage DB, Sewter CP, Klenk ES, et al. Resistin/Fizz3 expression in relation to obesity and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma action in humans. Diabetes 2001; 50:2199-2202.
  • Scherer P, Williams S, Fogliano M. A novel serum protein similar to C1q produced exclusively in adipocytes. J Biol Chem. 1995; 270:26746-26749.
  • Shah K, Desilva S, Abbruscato T. The role of glucose transporters in brain disease: Diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2012;13:12629-12655.
  • Sheng CH, Di J, Jin Y, et al. Resistin is expressed in human hepatocytes and induces insulin resistance. Endocrine. 2008;33:135-143.
  • Shokouh P. Jeppesen PB, Hermansen K, et al. Combination of coffee compounds shows ınsulin-sensitizing and hepatoprotective effects in a rat model of diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Nutrients. 2017; 22:10 (1):6.
  • Singer P, Hoffmann P, Beitz J, et al. Serum triglycerides and HDL cholesterol from SHR after evening primrose oil and other polyunsaturated fats. Prostaglandins Leukot Med. 1986; 22(2):173-177.
  • Song D, Hutchings S, Pang CC. Chronic N-acetylcysteine prevents fructose-induced insulin resistance and hypertension in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2005; 508:205-210.
  • Söğütlü İ, Koç İ, Mert H, et al.The Effect of evening primrose oil (Oenothera Biennis) on insulin, resistin and adiponectin in experimental diabetes induced by STZ.Van Vet J. 2019; 30 (3):193-196.
  • Steppan CM, Brown EJ, Wright CM, et al. A family of tissue-specific resistin-like molecules. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001;98:502-506.
  • Tran LT, Yuen VG, McNeill JH. The fructose-fed rat: a review on the mechanisms of fructose-induced insulin resistance and hypertension. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 332(1- 2):145-159.
  • Urbanovych A. The blood resistin level in patients with DM2, depending on the duration of the disease. Curr Issues Pharm Med Sci. 2015;28(2):111-114.
  • Villalobos MA, De La Cruz JP, Martín-Romero M, et al. Effect of dietary supplementation with evening primrose oil on vascular thrombogenesis in hyperlipemic rabbits. Thromb Haemost. 1998; 80(4):696-701.
  • Yamauchi T, Kamon J, Waki H. The fat-derived hormone adiponectin reverses insulin resistance associated with both lipoatrophy and obesity. Nat Med. 2001;7:941-946.
  • Young WS III. Periventricular hypothalamic cells in the rat brain contain insulin mRNA. Neuropeptides. 1986; 8(2):93-97.
  • Yu JG, Javorschi S, Hevener AL, et al. The effect of thiazolidinediones on plasma adiponectin levels in normal, obese, and type 2 diabetic subjects. Diabetes. 2002; 51:2968-2974.
  • Zhou YB, Gao Q, Li P, et al. Adrenomedullin attenuates vascular calcification in fructose-induced insulin-resistance rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2013; 207(3):437-446.
Year 2023, Volume: 7 Issue: 2, 115 - 122, 30.10.2023
https://doi.org/10.47748/tjvr.1358395

Abstract

References

  • Abo-Gresha NM, Abel-Aziz EZ, Greish SM. Evening primrose oil ameliorates platelet aggregation and improves cardiac recovery in myocardial-infarct hypercholesterolemic rats. Int J Physiol Pathophysiol Pharmacol. 2014; 6(1):23-36.
  • Al-Rasheed NM, Abdelkarem HM, Fadda LM, et al. Amelioration of insulin, leptin, and adiponectin levels in experimental metabolic syndrome model by some drugs. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2016;701-707.
  • Arita Y, Kihara S, Ouchi N, et al. Paradoxical decrease of an adipose-specific protein, adiponectin, in obesity. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 1999; 425:560-564.
  • Arslan S, Şanlıer N. Fruktoz ve sağlık. Mersin Univ Saglık Bilim Derg. 2016; 9 (3):150-158.
  • Bagul PK, Middela H, Matapally S, et al. Attenuation of insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome and hepatic oxidative stress by resveratrol in fructose-fed rats. Pharmacol Res. 2012; 66(3):260-268.
  • Berger A. Resistin: A new hormone that links obesity with type 2 diabetes. BMJ 2001;(27):193-322.
  • Bircan FS. Fruktoz Diyeti ile Metabolik Sendrom Oluşturulan Sıçanlarin Kalp ve Karaciğerinde Resveratrolün Antioksidan Etkisinin İncelenmesi [Doktora Tezi].Ankara: Gazi Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü; 2014.
  • Blázquez E,Velázquez E, Hurtado-Carneiro V et al.Insulin in the brain: Its pathophysiological implications for states related with central insulin resistance, Type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s Disease. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne). 2014; 5 (161):1-21.
  • Bloch-Damti A, Bashan N. Proposed mechanisms for the induction of insulin resistance by oxidative stress. Antioxid Redox Signal. 2005;7(1):553-1567.
  • Chandran M, Phillips S. Adiponectin: More than just another fat cell hormone? Diabetes Care. 2003; 26:2442-2450.
  • Crescenzo R, Bianco F, Falcone I, et al. Increased hepatic de novo lipogenesis and mitochondrial efficiency in a model of obesity induced by diets rich in fructose. Eur J Nutr. 2013; 52(2):537-542.
  • Delbosc S, Paizanis E, Magous R, et al. Involvement of oxidative stress and NADPH oxidase activation in the development of cardiovascular complications in a model of insulin resistance, the fructose-fed rat. Atherosclerosis. 2005; 179:43-49.
  • Devaskar SU, Giddings SJ, Rajakumar PA, et al. Insulin gene expression and insulin synthesis in mammalian neuronal cells. J Biol Chem. 1994; 269 (11):8445-8454.
  • Dorn A, Rinne A, Bernstein HG, et al. Insulin and C-peptide in human brain neurons (insulin/C-peptide/brain peptides/ immunohistochemistry/radioimmunoassay). J Hirnforsch. 1983; 24(5):495-499.
  • Dheen ST, Tay SS, Wong WC. Arginine vasopressin and oxytocinlike immunoreactive neurons in the hypothalamic paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei of streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Arch Histol Cytol. 1994; 57:461-472.
  • de Moura RF, Ribeiro C, Oliveira JA, et al. Metabolic syndrome signs in Wistar rats submitted to different high-fructose ingestion protocols. Br J Nutr. 2008; 101(8):1178-1184.
  • Fruebis J, Tsao TS, Javorschi S, et al. Proteolytic cleavage product of 30-kDa adipocyte complement-related protein increases fatty acid oxidation in muscle and causes weight loss in mice. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001; 98:2005-2010.
  • Fu Y, Luo N. Adiponectin promotes adipocyte differentiation, insulin sensitivity, and lipid accumulation. J Lipid Res. 2005;1369-1379.
  • Grattagliano I, Palmieri VO, Portincasa P, et al. Oxidative stress-induced risk factors associated with the metabolic syndrome: A unifying hypothesis. J Nutr Biochem 2008; 19(8):491-504.
  • Grober E, Hall CB, Hahn SR, et al. Memory impairment and executive dysfunction are associated with inadequately controlled diabetes in older adults. J Prim Care Community Health. 2011; 2:229- 233.
  • Herculano-Houzel S. Scaling of brain metabolism with a fixed energy budget per neuron: implications for neuronal activity, plasticity and evolution. PLoS One 2011;6:e17514.
  • Horani MH, Mooradian AD. Effect of diabetes on the blood-brain barrier. Curr Pharmaceut Design. 2003;9:833-840.
  • Jinhua Y. Measurement of salivary resistin level in patients with type 2 diabetes. Int J Endoc. 2012;2012:359724
  • Kamari Y, Grossman E, Oron-Herman M, et al. Metabolic stress with a high carbohydrate diet increases adiponectin levels. Horm Metab Res. 2007; 39(5):384-388.
  • Kaya Z. Arsenikle Lipid Peroksidasyon Oluşturulan Ratlarda Çuha Çiçeği Yağının Etkileri [Yüksek Lisans Tezi]. Kayseri: Erciyes Üniversitesi Sağlık Bilimleri Enstitüsü, Farmakoloji Toksikoloji Anabilim Dalı; 2010. Kishore U, Reid K. Structure, function, and receptors. Immuno pharmacol. 2000;49:159- 170.
  • Klein JP, Waxman SG. The brain in diabetes: molecular changes in neurons and their implications for end-organ damage. Lancet Neurology. 2003; 2:548-54.
  • Lee JH, Chan JL, Yiannakouris N, et al. Circulating resistin levels are not associated with obesity or insulin resistance in humans and are not regulated by fasting or leptin administration: cross-sectional and interventional studies in normal, insulin-resistant, and diabetic subjects. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2003; 88:4848-4856.
  • Levine AS, Kotz CM, Gosnell BA.Sugars and fats: the neurobiology of preference. J Nutr. 2003; 133:831-834. Malik VS, Popkin BM, Bray GA. Sugar-sweetened beverages, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease risk. Circulation. 2010; 121:1356-1364.
  • Maslov LN, Naryzhnaya NV, Boshchenko AA, et al. Is oxidative stress of adipocytes a cause or a consequence of the metabolic syndrome? J Clin Transl Endocrinol. 2018; 9(15):1-5.
  • Mert H, İrak K, Çibuk S, et al.The effect of evening primrose oil (Oenothera biennis) on the level of adiponectin and some biochemical parameters in rats with fructose-induced metabolic syndrome. Arch Physiol Biochem. 2022; 128(6):1539-1547.
  • McFarlin B. Pomegranate seed oil consumption during a period of high-fat feeding reduces weight gain and reduces type 2 diabetes risk in CD-1 mice. Br J Nutr 2009;(1):54-59.
  • Mohamed AA, Galal AA, Elewa YH. Comparative protective effects of royal jelly and cod liver oil against the neurotoxic impact of tartrazine on male rat pups brain. Acta Histochem. 2015;117(7): 649-658.
  • Neilson G. The fructose. JASN 2007; 18:2619 -2622.
  • Rayssiguier Y, Gueux E, Nowacki W, et al. High fructose consumption combined with low dietary magnesium intake may increase the incidence of the metabolic syndrome by inducing inflammation. Magnes Res. 2006; 19(4):237-243.
  • Reagan LP, Rosell DR, Alves SE, et al. GLUT8 glucose transporter is localized to excitatory and inhibitory neurons in the rat hippocampus. Brain Res. 2002; 932:129-134.
  • Savage DB, Sewter CP, Klenk ES, et al. Resistin/Fizz3 expression in relation to obesity and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma action in humans. Diabetes 2001; 50:2199-2202.
  • Scherer P, Williams S, Fogliano M. A novel serum protein similar to C1q produced exclusively in adipocytes. J Biol Chem. 1995; 270:26746-26749.
  • Shah K, Desilva S, Abbruscato T. The role of glucose transporters in brain disease: Diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease. Int J Mol Sci. 2012;13:12629-12655.
  • Sheng CH, Di J, Jin Y, et al. Resistin is expressed in human hepatocytes and induces insulin resistance. Endocrine. 2008;33:135-143.
  • Shokouh P. Jeppesen PB, Hermansen K, et al. Combination of coffee compounds shows ınsulin-sensitizing and hepatoprotective effects in a rat model of diet-induced metabolic syndrome. Nutrients. 2017; 22:10 (1):6.
  • Singer P, Hoffmann P, Beitz J, et al. Serum triglycerides and HDL cholesterol from SHR after evening primrose oil and other polyunsaturated fats. Prostaglandins Leukot Med. 1986; 22(2):173-177.
  • Song D, Hutchings S, Pang CC. Chronic N-acetylcysteine prevents fructose-induced insulin resistance and hypertension in rats. Eur J Pharmacol. 2005; 508:205-210.
  • Söğütlü İ, Koç İ, Mert H, et al.The Effect of evening primrose oil (Oenothera Biennis) on insulin, resistin and adiponectin in experimental diabetes induced by STZ.Van Vet J. 2019; 30 (3):193-196.
  • Steppan CM, Brown EJ, Wright CM, et al. A family of tissue-specific resistin-like molecules. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2001;98:502-506.
  • Tran LT, Yuen VG, McNeill JH. The fructose-fed rat: a review on the mechanisms of fructose-induced insulin resistance and hypertension. Mol Cell Biochem 2009; 332(1- 2):145-159.
  • Urbanovych A. The blood resistin level in patients with DM2, depending on the duration of the disease. Curr Issues Pharm Med Sci. 2015;28(2):111-114.
  • Villalobos MA, De La Cruz JP, Martín-Romero M, et al. Effect of dietary supplementation with evening primrose oil on vascular thrombogenesis in hyperlipemic rabbits. Thromb Haemost. 1998; 80(4):696-701.
  • Yamauchi T, Kamon J, Waki H. The fat-derived hormone adiponectin reverses insulin resistance associated with both lipoatrophy and obesity. Nat Med. 2001;7:941-946.
  • Young WS III. Periventricular hypothalamic cells in the rat brain contain insulin mRNA. Neuropeptides. 1986; 8(2):93-97.
  • Yu JG, Javorschi S, Hevener AL, et al. The effect of thiazolidinediones on plasma adiponectin levels in normal, obese, and type 2 diabetic subjects. Diabetes. 2002; 51:2968-2974.
  • Zhou YB, Gao Q, Li P, et al. Adrenomedullin attenuates vascular calcification in fructose-induced insulin-resistance rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf). 2013; 207(3):437-446.
There are 51 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language English
Subjects Veterinary Sciences (Other)
Journal Section 2023 Volume 7 Number 2
Authors

Nizamettin Günbatar 0000-0002-6684-3970

Handan Mert 0000-0001-9827-7996

Salih Çibuk 0000-0001-5427-4929

Leyla Mis 0000-0002-5110-2862

Nihat Mert 0000-0001-7185-3316

Early Pub Date October 21, 2023
Publication Date October 30, 2023
Submission Date September 11, 2023
Published in Issue Year 2023 Volume: 7 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Günbatar, N., Mert, H., Çibuk, S., Mis, L., et al. (2023). The effect of evening primrose oil on some biochemical parameters in brain tissue in a model of metabolic syndrome induced with fructose in rats. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research, 7(2), 115-122. https://doi.org/10.47748/tjvr.1358395
AMA Günbatar N, Mert H, Çibuk S, Mis L, Mert N. The effect of evening primrose oil on some biochemical parameters in brain tissue in a model of metabolic syndrome induced with fructose in rats. TJVR. October 2023;7(2):115-122. doi:10.47748/tjvr.1358395
Chicago Günbatar, Nizamettin, Handan Mert, Salih Çibuk, Leyla Mis, and Nihat Mert. “The Effect of Evening Primrose Oil on Some Biochemical Parameters in Brain Tissue in a Model of Metabolic Syndrome Induced With Fructose in Rats”. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research 7, no. 2 (October 2023): 115-22. https://doi.org/10.47748/tjvr.1358395.
EndNote Günbatar N, Mert H, Çibuk S, Mis L, Mert N (October 1, 2023) The effect of evening primrose oil on some biochemical parameters in brain tissue in a model of metabolic syndrome induced with fructose in rats. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research 7 2 115–122.
IEEE N. Günbatar, H. Mert, S. Çibuk, L. Mis, and N. Mert, “The effect of evening primrose oil on some biochemical parameters in brain tissue in a model of metabolic syndrome induced with fructose in rats”, TJVR, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 115–122, 2023, doi: 10.47748/tjvr.1358395.
ISNAD Günbatar, Nizamettin et al. “The Effect of Evening Primrose Oil on Some Biochemical Parameters in Brain Tissue in a Model of Metabolic Syndrome Induced With Fructose in Rats”. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research 7/2 (October 2023), 115-122. https://doi.org/10.47748/tjvr.1358395.
JAMA Günbatar N, Mert H, Çibuk S, Mis L, Mert N. The effect of evening primrose oil on some biochemical parameters in brain tissue in a model of metabolic syndrome induced with fructose in rats. TJVR. 2023;7:115–122.
MLA Günbatar, Nizamettin et al. “The Effect of Evening Primrose Oil on Some Biochemical Parameters in Brain Tissue in a Model of Metabolic Syndrome Induced With Fructose in Rats”. Turkish Journal of Veterinary Research, vol. 7, no. 2, 2023, pp. 115-22, doi:10.47748/tjvr.1358395.
Vancouver Günbatar N, Mert H, Çibuk S, Mis L, Mert N. The effect of evening primrose oil on some biochemical parameters in brain tissue in a model of metabolic syndrome induced with fructose in rats. TJVR. 2023;7(2):115-22.