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Turunçgil Bahçelerinde, Farklı Örtücü Bitki Türlerinin Yabancı Otlanma Üzerindeki Etkisinin Araştırılması

Year 2021, Volume: 24 Issue: 2, 150 - 165, 31.12.2021

Abstract

Turunçgil yetiştiriciliğinde, yabancı otların ürüne verdiği zararlar, hastalık etmenleri ve zararlı böcekler gibi gözle görülen bir simptom veya zararlanma oluşturmazlar. Yabancı otların verdiği zararlar, fidanlarda gelişmede gerilik, ağaçlarda çalılaşma, hasatta düşük verim ve kalite kayıpları olarak ortaya çıkmaktadır. Bu yüzden yabancı otlar ile mücadelede bilinçli bir takip ile zararlı yabancı ot türlerinin tanınması ve teşhisi çok önemli hale gelmektedir. Yabancı otlar, yetiştiricilikle ilgili tarımsal işlemlerin (gübreleme, sulama, hasat, vb.) hızlı ve sağlıklı yapılmasına engel olmaktadır. Yabancı otlar ile mücadelede herbisitlerin yoğun kullanımı sonucunda, direnç vb. problemlerin yanı sıra ekosistemde olumsuz etkilenmektedir.
Bu çalışma ile turunçgil bahçelerinde kimyasal mücadeleye alternatif olabilecek, sahip oldukları toprak yüzeyini kaplama özellikleri sayesinde yabancı ot türlerinin gelişimini baskılayarak mücadelede kullanılabilecek ve aynı zamanda ekosisteme fayda sağlayabilecek örtücü bitki türlerinin belirlenmesi amaçlanmıştır. Bu amaçla planlanan çalışma, 2019 yılında, Adana ilinin Seyhan ilçesinde yeni tesis edilen bir Enterdonat limon bahçesinde, bölünmüş parseller deneme desenine göre dört tekerrürlü olarak kurulmuştur. Parselizasyon yapıldıktan sonra, sıra arasına, örtücü bitki olarak, adi fiğ (Vicia sativa L.), tüylü fiğ (Vicia villosa L.), arpa (Hordeum vulgare L.), çavdar (Seceale cereale L.), çayır düğmesi (Poterium sanguisorba L.), korunga (Onobrychis sativa Lam.) ve turp (Raphanus sativus L.) ekilmiştir. Her parselde dört adet ¼ m2 ‘lik çakılı alanlar oluşturularak bu alanlar içerisindeki örtücü bitki ve yabancı ot türlerinin sayısı ile kaplama alanları (%) belirlenmiştir. Örtücü bitkiler %10 çiçeklenme dönemine geldiğinde, çakılı alanlar içerisindeki örtücü bitki ve yabancı ot türleri ölçümler yapılmak üzere toprak yüzeyinden biçilerek hasat edilmiştir.
Çalışmanın sonuçlarına göre, denemeye alınan tüm örtücü bitki türleri kontrole kıyasla yabancı ot tür sayısını azaltmıştır. Kontrol uygulamasında 16 farklı yabancı ot türüne rastlanmış iken; Arpa ve korungada 10, adi fiğ içerisinde 8, çayır düğmesinde 7, tüylü fiğde 6, çavdarda 3, turpta 1 yabancı ot türü belirlenmiştir. Çalışmada, en çok karşılaşılan yabancı ot türü Ebe Gümeci (Malva sylvestris L.), kontrol parselinde 18.00 adet/m2 iken, tüylü fiğ, çavdar ve turp uygulamalarında sırasıyla 6.75 adet/m2, 6.50 adet/m2 ve 4.00 adet/m2 olarak tespit edilmiştir. Diğer yabancı ot türü olan Sarı Taş Yoncası [Melilotus officinalis(L.) Pall.] ise, kontrol parselinde 5.00 adet/m2 iken, çavdar ve tüylü fiğ uygulamalarında sırasıyla 4.50 adet/m2 ve 2.00 adet/m2 olarak hesaplanmıştır. Turp uygulamasında ise Ebe Gümeci dışında farklı bir yabancı ot türüne rastlanılmamıştır.

Supporting Institution

Çukurova Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Birimi

Project Number

FDK-2020-12876

Thanks

Çalışmalarımız esnasında bize destek veren ve yardımcı olan Prof. Dr. Sibel Uygur’a, Dr. Levent Hançerli’ye, Dr. Uğurcan Ayata’ya ve Dr. Hilmi Torun’a teşekkür ederiz. Ayrıca FDK-2020-12876 kodlu doktora tez projesi ile bu çalışmanın bir bölümünü finansal olarak destekleyen Çukurova Üniversitesi Bilimsel Araştırma Projeleri Koordinasyon Birimi’ne teşekkür ederiz.

References

  • Abbott W.S. (1925). A Method of Computing the Effectiveness of an Insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology, 18, 265-267.
  • Agostinetto D., Rigoli, R.P., Schaedler, C.E., Tironi S.P., Santos L.S. (2008). Critical Period for Weed Competition with Wheat. Planta Daninha, Viçosa-MG, v. 26, n. 2, p. 271-278.
  • Alonso-Ayusoa M.,Gabrielb J.L., García-Gonzáleza I., Montea J.P.D., Quemadaa M. (2018). Weed density and diversity in a long-term cover crop experiment background. Crop Protection 112 103–111pp.
  • Al-Khatib K., Libbey C., Boydston R. (1997). Weed suppression with Brassica green manure crops in green pea. Weed Sci. 45: 439– 445.
  • Anonymous (2021). FAO (The Food and Agriculture Organization). https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL/visualize. Erişim Tarihi: 22.12.2021
  • Barnes J.P. and Putnam A.R. (1986). Evidence for allelopathy by residues and aqueous extracts of rye (Secale cereale L.). Weed Science 34: 384-390.
  • Başaran F. (2020). Organik Tarımda Yabancı Otlarla Mücadelede Önleyici ve Kültürel Yöntemler. Tarım Gündem Dergisi 56: 36-41.
  • Boydston R.A. and Hang A. (1995). Rapeseed (Brassica napus) green manure crop suppresses weeds in potato (Solanum tuberosum). Weed Technol. 9: 669– 675.
  • Boydston R.A. and Al-Khatib K., (2006). Utilizing Brassica cover crops for weed suppression in annual cropping systems. p. 77– 94. In H.P. Singh et al. (ed.) Handbook of sustainable weed management. Food Products Press, Binghamton, NY.
  • Costa R. (2013) Effect of sowing date and seeding rate on bread wheat yield and test weight under Mediterranean conditions. Emir J FoodAgr25:951–961.
  • Creamer N.G., Bennett M.A., Stinner B.R., Cardina J., and Regnier E.E. (1996). Mechanisms of Weed Suppression in Cover Crop-based Production Systems. Hortscience 31(3):410–413pp.
  • Czapar G.F., Simmons F.W., Bullock D.G. (2002). Delayed control of a hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) cover crop in irrigated corn production. Crop Protection, Volume 21, Issue 6, Pages 507-510.
  • Davis PH (Ed.) (1965–1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 1 (1965), Vol. 2 (1967), Vol. 3 (1970), Vol. 4 (1972), Vol. 5 (1975), Vol. 6 (1978), Vol. 7 (1982), Vol. 8 (1984), Vol. 9 (1985). Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
  • Davis PH, Mill RR, Tan K (Eds) (1988). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 10. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
  • De Baets S., Poesen J., Meersmans J., Serlet L. (2011) Cover crops and their erosion-reducing effects during concentrated flow erosion. Catena, 85: 237–244.
  • Diyanat M. (2015). Weed Management in Organic Horticulture by Cover Crop in Iran. Int. J. Adv. Biol. Biom. Res, 2015; 3 (2), 153-162. Erişim Tarihi: 14.11.2021
  • Fialho C.M.T., Silva G.R., Freitas M.A.M., França A.C., Melo C.A.D. and Silva A.A. (2010). Competição de plantas daninhas com a cultura do café em duasépocas de infestação. Planta Daninha 28: 969-978.
  • Fujii Y. (2008). Screening and Future Exploitation of Allelopathic Plants as Alternative Herbicides with Special Reference to Hairy Vetch, Journal of Crop Production, 4:2, 257-275,
  • Güner A, Özhatay N, Ekim T, Başer KHC (Eds) (2000). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 11, Suppl. 2. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
  • Hançerli L. ve Uygur F.N. (2017). "Çukurova Bölgesi Mısır Ekim Alanlarında Önemli Yabancı Ot Türlerinin Belirlenmesi ve Bunların Mücadelesinde Kullanılabilecek Örtücü Bitki Türlerinin Araştırılması. Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Adana, 102s.
  • Haramoto E.R., and E.R. Gallandt. (2004). Brassica cover cropping for weed management: A review. Renew. Agric. Food Syst. 19: 187– 198.
  • Işık D., Kaya E., Ngouajio M., Mennan H. (2009). Weed Suppression in Organic Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) with Winter Cover Crops. Crop Protection Volume 28, Issue 4, Pages 356-363.
  • Kitis Y. E., Koloren, O., Uygur, F. N. (2011). Evaluation of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) as living mulch for ecological weed control in citrus orchards. African Journal of Agricultural Research . 6(5): 1257-1264.
  • Kolören O. and Uygur, F.N. (2007). Investigation on Weed Control Methods in Citrus Orchard in Cukurova Region-Turkey. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 6: 708-711pp.
  • Krishnan G., Holshouser D.L. and Nissen S.J. (1998). Weed control in soybean (Glycine max) with green manure crops. Weed Technol. 12: 97– 102.
  • Lawley Y.E., Weil R. R., Teasdale J.R. (2011). Forage Radish Cover Crop Suppresses Winter Annual Weeds in Fall and Before Corn Planting. Agronomy journal 103:137–144.
  • Lawley Y., Weil R., and Teasdale J.R. (2012). The Mechanism for Weed Suppression by a Forage Radish Cover Crop. Agronomy J. 104(2): 205-214.
  • Linares J., Scholberg J., Boote K., Chase C.A., Ferguson J.J., Mc Sorley R. (2008). Use of the Cover Crop Weed Index to Evaluate Weed Suppression by Cover Crops in Organic Citrus Orchards. Hort science Vol. 43(1).
  • Oerke E.C. (2006). Crop losses to pests. The Journal of Agricultural Science, Volume 144 (1): 31 – 43.
  • Osipitan O.A., Dille J.A., Assefa Y., Knezevic S.Z. (2018). Cover Crop for Early Season Weed Suppression in Crops: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Agron. J. 110:2211–2221
  • Osipitan O.A., Dille J.A., Assefa Y., Radicetti E., Ayeni A., Knezevic S.Z. (2019). Impact of Cover Crop Management on Level of Weed Suppression: A Meta-Analysis. Crop Sci. 59:833–842.
  • Pacanoski Z. (2007). Herbicide Use: Benefits For Society As A Whole- A Review. Pak J. Weed Sci. Res. 13(1-2).
  • Palhano M.G.; Norsworthy, J.K.; Barber, T. (2018). Cover Crops Suppression of Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in Cotton. Weed Technol. 32, 60–65. [CrossRef].
  • Radicetti E., Mancinelli R., Campiglia E. (2013a). Impact of managing cover crop residues on the floristic composition and species diversity of the weed community of pepper crop (Capsicum annuum L.). Crop Prot. 44:109–119.
  • Rao V.S. (2000). Principles of Weed Science. 2nd Edition. 566p.
  • Reberg-Horton S.C., Burton J.D., Danehower D.A., Ma G., Monks D.W., Murphy J.P., Ranells N.N., Williamson J.D., Creamer N.G. (2005). Changes over time in the allelochemical content of ten cultivars of rye (Secale cereale L.). J. Chem. Ecol. 31:179–193pp.
  • Saeb K., Taleghani S., Hajati R.J. and Fotokian M.H. (2011). Cover Crops and their Effects of Time Harvesting on the Control of Weed in Citrus Orchards in Northern Iran. Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia, December 2011. Vol. 8(2), p.
  • Sansavini S. (1997). Integrated fruit production in Europe: research and strategies for a sustainable industry, Sci. Hortic. 68, 25–36.
  • Sharma S., Kooner R. And Arora R. (2017). Insect pests and crop losses. Breeding Insect Resistant Crops for Sustainable Agriculture. 45-66pp.
  • Singh M., SharmaS. D. (2008). Benefits of Triazine Herbicides and Other Weed Control Technology in Citrus Management. The Triazine Herbicides-Chapter 16. Elsevier, San Diego. pp. 199-209.
  • Teasdale J.R., C.E. Beste, and W.E. Potts. (1991). Response of weeds to tillage and cover crop residue. Weed Sci. 39:195–199.
  • Teasdale J.R., Mohler C.L., (2000). The quantitative relationship betweenweed emergence and the physical properties of mulches. Weed Sci.48:385-92.
  • Temel N., Eymirli S., Avcı M. (2011). Organik Turunçgil Yetiştiriciliğinde Yabancı Ot Mücadelesinde Örtücü Bitkilerden Yararlanma Olanakları. Alatarım dergisi 10 (2): 72-78.
  • Turk M.A., and Tawaha A.M. (2003). Allelopathic effect of black mustard (Brassica nigra L.) on germination and growth of wild oat (Avena fatua L.). Crop Prot. 22: 673– 677.
  • Uygur F.N., Koseli F. and Cinar, A. (1990). Die Allelopathische wirkung von Raphanus sativus L. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz, Sonderheft, XII, 259- 264.
  • Uygur S., 2011. Effects of mustard oil on germination and growth of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.). Allelopathy Journal 27 (1): 23-32.
  • Werle R., Burr C., Lanco-Canqui, H. (2017). Cereal Rye Cover Crop Suppresses Winter Annual Weeds. Can. J. Plant Sci., 498–500. [CrossRef]
  • Weston L.A., Harmon R., Mueller S. (1989). Allelopathic potential of sorghum sudangrass hybrid (Sudex). J Chem Ecol. 15:1855-65.
  • Weston L. (1996). Utilization of allelopathy for weed management in agroecosystems. Agron. J. 88:860–866.
  • Williams II M. M.,Mortensen D.A. and Doran J.W. (1998). Assessment of Weed and Crop Fitness in Cover Crop Residues for Integrated Weed Management. Weed Science , Sep. - Oct., 1998, Vol. 46, No. 5 pp. 595-603.

Research on Effects of Different Cover Crop Species on Weeding in Citrus Orchards

Year 2021, Volume: 24 Issue: 2, 150 - 165, 31.12.2021

Abstract

In citrus production, damages caused by weeds in the crop do not cause any visible damage like diseases and insects. But appear as an insufficient or, bushy-type growth in trees and yield and quality losses at the harvest. Damages caused by weeds appear as low yield and quality losses in seedlings, undergrowth on trees and harvest. Therefore, in the management against weeds, the recognition and diagnosis of harmful weed species with a conscious follow-up becomes very important. Weeds cause the fast and right application of agricultural practices (fertilization, irrigation, harvesting, etc.) related to cultivation. As a result of intensive use of herbicides in management against weeds, the ecosystem is adversely affected as well as problems such as resistance etc.
In this study, it’s aimed to determine the types of cover crops that can be an alternative to chemical management in citrus orchards, can be used in the manage by suppressing the development of weed species through their soil coverage properties, and at the same time can benefit the ecosystem. The study, planned for this purpose, was established in a newly established Enterdonat lemon orchard in the Seyhan district of Adana province in 2019 according to split plots experimental design with four replications. After designing the experiment, cover crops common vetch (Vicia sativa L.), hairy vetch (Vicia villosa L.), barley (Hordeum vulgare L.), rye (Seceale cereale L.), common burnet (Poterium sanguisorba L.), sainfoin (Onobrychis sativa Lam), and radish (Raphanus sativus L.) were sowed between rows. Four ¼ m2 permanent squares were established in the each plot, coverage (%) and the number of cover crops and weed species was determined. When cover crops reached up to 10% flowering, cover crops and weed species in the squares were harvested from the soil surface for measurements.
The results show that, all cover crop species included in the trial decreased the number of weed species compared to the control. According to this; 10 weed species were determined in barley and sainfoin, 8 in common burnet, 7 in meadow button, 6 in hairy vetch, 3 in rye and 1 in radish while 16 different weed species were found in the control application. In the study, the most common weed species are Common mallow (Malva sylvestris L.), was founded 18.00 weed/m2 in control plot, while it was recorded as 4.00 weed/m2, 6.50 weed/m2 and 6.75 weed/m2 in radish, rye and hairy vetch applications, respectively. The other main harmful weed species is Yellow sweet clover [Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pall.] was 5.00 weed/m2 in the control plot, while it was calculated as 4.50 weed/m2 and 2.00 weed/m2 in rye and hairy vetch applications, respectively. Cover crop which is radish, application, there were no different weed species found except for Common mallow.

Project Number

FDK-2020-12876

References

  • Abbott W.S. (1925). A Method of Computing the Effectiveness of an Insecticide. Journal of Economic Entomology, 18, 265-267.
  • Agostinetto D., Rigoli, R.P., Schaedler, C.E., Tironi S.P., Santos L.S. (2008). Critical Period for Weed Competition with Wheat. Planta Daninha, Viçosa-MG, v. 26, n. 2, p. 271-278.
  • Alonso-Ayusoa M.,Gabrielb J.L., García-Gonzáleza I., Montea J.P.D., Quemadaa M. (2018). Weed density and diversity in a long-term cover crop experiment background. Crop Protection 112 103–111pp.
  • Al-Khatib K., Libbey C., Boydston R. (1997). Weed suppression with Brassica green manure crops in green pea. Weed Sci. 45: 439– 445.
  • Anonymous (2021). FAO (The Food and Agriculture Organization). https://www.fao.org/faostat/en/#data/QCL/visualize. Erişim Tarihi: 22.12.2021
  • Barnes J.P. and Putnam A.R. (1986). Evidence for allelopathy by residues and aqueous extracts of rye (Secale cereale L.). Weed Science 34: 384-390.
  • Başaran F. (2020). Organik Tarımda Yabancı Otlarla Mücadelede Önleyici ve Kültürel Yöntemler. Tarım Gündem Dergisi 56: 36-41.
  • Boydston R.A. and Hang A. (1995). Rapeseed (Brassica napus) green manure crop suppresses weeds in potato (Solanum tuberosum). Weed Technol. 9: 669– 675.
  • Boydston R.A. and Al-Khatib K., (2006). Utilizing Brassica cover crops for weed suppression in annual cropping systems. p. 77– 94. In H.P. Singh et al. (ed.) Handbook of sustainable weed management. Food Products Press, Binghamton, NY.
  • Costa R. (2013) Effect of sowing date and seeding rate on bread wheat yield and test weight under Mediterranean conditions. Emir J FoodAgr25:951–961.
  • Creamer N.G., Bennett M.A., Stinner B.R., Cardina J., and Regnier E.E. (1996). Mechanisms of Weed Suppression in Cover Crop-based Production Systems. Hortscience 31(3):410–413pp.
  • Czapar G.F., Simmons F.W., Bullock D.G. (2002). Delayed control of a hairy vetch (Vicia villosa Roth) cover crop in irrigated corn production. Crop Protection, Volume 21, Issue 6, Pages 507-510.
  • Davis PH (Ed.) (1965–1985). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 1 (1965), Vol. 2 (1967), Vol. 3 (1970), Vol. 4 (1972), Vol. 5 (1975), Vol. 6 (1978), Vol. 7 (1982), Vol. 8 (1984), Vol. 9 (1985). Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
  • Davis PH, Mill RR, Tan K (Eds) (1988). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 10. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
  • De Baets S., Poesen J., Meersmans J., Serlet L. (2011) Cover crops and their erosion-reducing effects during concentrated flow erosion. Catena, 85: 237–244.
  • Diyanat M. (2015). Weed Management in Organic Horticulture by Cover Crop in Iran. Int. J. Adv. Biol. Biom. Res, 2015; 3 (2), 153-162. Erişim Tarihi: 14.11.2021
  • Fialho C.M.T., Silva G.R., Freitas M.A.M., França A.C., Melo C.A.D. and Silva A.A. (2010). Competição de plantas daninhas com a cultura do café em duasépocas de infestação. Planta Daninha 28: 969-978.
  • Fujii Y. (2008). Screening and Future Exploitation of Allelopathic Plants as Alternative Herbicides with Special Reference to Hairy Vetch, Journal of Crop Production, 4:2, 257-275,
  • Güner A, Özhatay N, Ekim T, Başer KHC (Eds) (2000). Flora of Turkey and the East Aegean Islands, Vol. 11, Suppl. 2. Edinburgh University Press, Edinburgh.
  • Hançerli L. ve Uygur F.N. (2017). "Çukurova Bölgesi Mısır Ekim Alanlarında Önemli Yabancı Ot Türlerinin Belirlenmesi ve Bunların Mücadelesinde Kullanılabilecek Örtücü Bitki Türlerinin Araştırılması. Çukurova Üniversitesi Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü Yüksek Lisans Tezi, Adana, 102s.
  • Haramoto E.R., and E.R. Gallandt. (2004). Brassica cover cropping for weed management: A review. Renew. Agric. Food Syst. 19: 187– 198.
  • Işık D., Kaya E., Ngouajio M., Mennan H. (2009). Weed Suppression in Organic Pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) with Winter Cover Crops. Crop Protection Volume 28, Issue 4, Pages 356-363.
  • Kitis Y. E., Koloren, O., Uygur, F. N. (2011). Evaluation of common vetch (Vicia sativa L.) as living mulch for ecological weed control in citrus orchards. African Journal of Agricultural Research . 6(5): 1257-1264.
  • Kolören O. and Uygur, F.N. (2007). Investigation on Weed Control Methods in Citrus Orchard in Cukurova Region-Turkey. Asian Journal of Plant Sciences, 6: 708-711pp.
  • Krishnan G., Holshouser D.L. and Nissen S.J. (1998). Weed control in soybean (Glycine max) with green manure crops. Weed Technol. 12: 97– 102.
  • Lawley Y.E., Weil R. R., Teasdale J.R. (2011). Forage Radish Cover Crop Suppresses Winter Annual Weeds in Fall and Before Corn Planting. Agronomy journal 103:137–144.
  • Lawley Y., Weil R., and Teasdale J.R. (2012). The Mechanism for Weed Suppression by a Forage Radish Cover Crop. Agronomy J. 104(2): 205-214.
  • Linares J., Scholberg J., Boote K., Chase C.A., Ferguson J.J., Mc Sorley R. (2008). Use of the Cover Crop Weed Index to Evaluate Weed Suppression by Cover Crops in Organic Citrus Orchards. Hort science Vol. 43(1).
  • Oerke E.C. (2006). Crop losses to pests. The Journal of Agricultural Science, Volume 144 (1): 31 – 43.
  • Osipitan O.A., Dille J.A., Assefa Y., Knezevic S.Z. (2018). Cover Crop for Early Season Weed Suppression in Crops: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Agron. J. 110:2211–2221
  • Osipitan O.A., Dille J.A., Assefa Y., Radicetti E., Ayeni A., Knezevic S.Z. (2019). Impact of Cover Crop Management on Level of Weed Suppression: A Meta-Analysis. Crop Sci. 59:833–842.
  • Pacanoski Z. (2007). Herbicide Use: Benefits For Society As A Whole- A Review. Pak J. Weed Sci. Res. 13(1-2).
  • Palhano M.G.; Norsworthy, J.K.; Barber, T. (2018). Cover Crops Suppression of Palmer Amaranth (Amaranthus palmeri) in Cotton. Weed Technol. 32, 60–65. [CrossRef].
  • Radicetti E., Mancinelli R., Campiglia E. (2013a). Impact of managing cover crop residues on the floristic composition and species diversity of the weed community of pepper crop (Capsicum annuum L.). Crop Prot. 44:109–119.
  • Rao V.S. (2000). Principles of Weed Science. 2nd Edition. 566p.
  • Reberg-Horton S.C., Burton J.D., Danehower D.A., Ma G., Monks D.W., Murphy J.P., Ranells N.N., Williamson J.D., Creamer N.G. (2005). Changes over time in the allelochemical content of ten cultivars of rye (Secale cereale L.). J. Chem. Ecol. 31:179–193pp.
  • Saeb K., Taleghani S., Hajati R.J. and Fotokian M.H. (2011). Cover Crops and their Effects of Time Harvesting on the Control of Weed in Citrus Orchards in Northern Iran. Biosciences Biotechnology Research Asia, December 2011. Vol. 8(2), p.
  • Sansavini S. (1997). Integrated fruit production in Europe: research and strategies for a sustainable industry, Sci. Hortic. 68, 25–36.
  • Sharma S., Kooner R. And Arora R. (2017). Insect pests and crop losses. Breeding Insect Resistant Crops for Sustainable Agriculture. 45-66pp.
  • Singh M., SharmaS. D. (2008). Benefits of Triazine Herbicides and Other Weed Control Technology in Citrus Management. The Triazine Herbicides-Chapter 16. Elsevier, San Diego. pp. 199-209.
  • Teasdale J.R., C.E. Beste, and W.E. Potts. (1991). Response of weeds to tillage and cover crop residue. Weed Sci. 39:195–199.
  • Teasdale J.R., Mohler C.L., (2000). The quantitative relationship betweenweed emergence and the physical properties of mulches. Weed Sci.48:385-92.
  • Temel N., Eymirli S., Avcı M. (2011). Organik Turunçgil Yetiştiriciliğinde Yabancı Ot Mücadelesinde Örtücü Bitkilerden Yararlanma Olanakları. Alatarım dergisi 10 (2): 72-78.
  • Turk M.A., and Tawaha A.M. (2003). Allelopathic effect of black mustard (Brassica nigra L.) on germination and growth of wild oat (Avena fatua L.). Crop Prot. 22: 673– 677.
  • Uygur F.N., Koseli F. and Cinar, A. (1990). Die Allelopathische wirkung von Raphanus sativus L. Zeitschrift für Pflanzenkrankheiten und Pflanzenschutz, Sonderheft, XII, 259- 264.
  • Uygur S., 2011. Effects of mustard oil on germination and growth of yellow starthistle (Centaurea solstitialis L.). Allelopathy Journal 27 (1): 23-32.
  • Werle R., Burr C., Lanco-Canqui, H. (2017). Cereal Rye Cover Crop Suppresses Winter Annual Weeds. Can. J. Plant Sci., 498–500. [CrossRef]
  • Weston L.A., Harmon R., Mueller S. (1989). Allelopathic potential of sorghum sudangrass hybrid (Sudex). J Chem Ecol. 15:1855-65.
  • Weston L. (1996). Utilization of allelopathy for weed management in agroecosystems. Agron. J. 88:860–866.
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There are 50 citations in total.

Details

Primary Language Turkish
Subjects Agricultural Engineering
Journal Section Research Article
Authors

Selvinaz Hançerli 0000-0002-0502-0057

Feyzullah Nezihi Uygur 0000-0002-9681-3799

Project Number FDK-2020-12876
Publication Date December 31, 2021
Acceptance Date December 27, 2021
Published in Issue Year 2021 Volume: 24 Issue: 2

Cite

APA Hançerli, S., & Uygur, F. N. (2021). Turunçgil Bahçelerinde, Farklı Örtücü Bitki Türlerinin Yabancı Otlanma Üzerindeki Etkisinin Araştırılması. Turkish Journal of Weed Science, 24(2), 150-165.

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