Abstract
Bu çalışma, sıcaklık stresi altında yetiştirilen etlik piliçlerde, içme suyu sıcaklığı ve yerleşim sıklığının kalp, karaciğer, bursa fabricius ve timus dokularında oksidatif metabolizma üzerindeki etkisini araştırmak için yapıldı. Deney, 360 adet bir günlük Ross 308 erkek etlik civcivin, her grupta 4 tekerrür olacak şekilde rastgele 6 deney grubuna bölünmesiyle oluşturuldu. Deneysel uygulamalar, 3 x 2 faktöriyel düzenlemede üç farklı yerleşim sıklığı (düşük = 12 kanatlı/m2, orta = 15 kanatlı/m2 veya yüksek = 18 kanatlı/m2) ve iki farklı içme suyu sıcaklığını (10oC veya 31oC) içerdi. Deney sonunda örnek alımı için her tekrar grubundan 2 tavuk alınarak ötenazi edildi. Sonuçlar, yüksek yerleşim sıklığının oksidatif hasarda ve kalp, karaciğer ve timusta MDA oluşumunda bir artışa neden olduğunu gösterdi. Buna karşın soğuk su, timustaki yüksek yerleşim sıklığı nedeniyle oluşan oksidatif hasarı iyileştirdi. Çalışmada, antioksidan sistem üzerine yerleşim sıklığı ve soğuk içme suyu arasındaki etkileşimler genel olarak önemsiz bulundu. Bunun yanısıra, soğuk su uygulaması kalp ve timus dokularında CAT aktivitesini artırırken GSH aktivitesini azalttı. Sonuç olarak, içme suyu sıcaklığı ve yerleşim sıklığı yüksek sıcaklıkta yetiştirilen etlik piliçlerde oksidatif metabolizmayı etkileyen anahtar çevresel faktörlerdir; ancak su sıcaklığı ve yerleşim sıklığı interaksiyonunun antioksidan enzimler üzerindeki etkilerinin belirlenmesi açısından günümüz koşullarında daha fazla çalışmaya ihtiyaç vardır.
Keywords
References
- Aengwanich W (2007). Effects of High Environmental Temperature on Blood Indices of Thai Indigenous Chickens, Thai Indigenous Chickens Crossbred and Broilers. Int J Poult Sci, 6 (6), 427-430.
- Akbarian A, Michiels J, Degroote J et al. (2016). Association between heat stress and oxidative stress in poultry; mitochondrial dysfunction and dietary interventions with phytochemicals. J Anim Sci Biotechnol, 7, 37-51.
- Altan O, Pabuçcuoğlu A, Altan A, Konyalioğlu S, Bayraktar H (2003). Effect of heat stress on oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and some stress parameters in broilers. Br Poult Sci, 44 (4), 545-550.
- Astaneh IY, Chamani M, Mousavi SN, Sadeghi AA, Afshar MA (2018). Effects of stocking density on performance and immunity in Ross 308 broiler chickens. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 24 (4), 483-489.
- Beker A, Teeter RG (1994).Drinking water temperature and potassium chloride supplementation effects on broiler body temperature and performance during heat stress. J Appl Poult Res, 3 (1), 87-92.
- Bruno LDG, Maiorka M, Macari M, Furlan RL, Givisiez PEN (2011). Water intake behavior of broiler chickens exposed to heat stress and drinking from bell and nipple drinkers. Braz J Poult Sci, 13 (2), 147-152.
- Cengiz Ö, Köksal BH, Tatlı O et al. (2015). Effect of dietary probiotic and high stocking density on the performance, carcass yield, gut microflora, and stress indicators of broilers. Poult Sci, 94 (10), 2395-2403.
- Dalle-Donne I, Rossi R, Colombo R, Giustarini D, Milzani A (2006). Biomarkers of oxidative damage in human disease. Clin Chem., 52 (4), 601-623.
- Fadillioglu E, Erdogan H, Polat A, Emre MH (2002). Renal antioxidant status in rats with hypertension induced by N sup omega nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. Kidney Blood Press Res, 25 (4), 211-216.
- Farghly M, Abd El-Hack ME, Alagawany M, Saadeldin IM, Swelum AA (2018). Wet feed and cold water as heat stress modulators in growing Muscovy ducklings. Poult Sci, 97 (5), 1588-1594.
- Goo D, Kim JH, Park GH, Delos Reyes JB, Kil DY (2019). Effect of Heat Stress and Stocking Density on Growth Performance, Breast Meat Quality, and Intestinal Barrier Function in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel), 9 (3), 107-117.
- Irato P, Santovito G (2021). Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Molecules with Antioxidant Function. Antioxidants (Basel), 10 (4), 579-583.
- Lin H, Decuypere E, Buyse J (2006). Acute heat stress induces oxidative stress in broiler chickens. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol, 144 (1), 11-17.
- Luck H (1965). Catalase: In methods of enzymatic analysis. Bergmeyer HU, (Ed), Academic Press New York, USA, 885-894.
- Mustafa MY, Muneer MA, Anjum AA, Ahamd M (2010). Influence of stocking density on immune response of broilers against newcastle disease virus. PJLSS, 8 (1), 7-10.
- Najafi P, Zulkifli I, Jajuli NA (2015). Environmental temperature and stocking density effects on acute phase proteins, heat shock protein 70, circulating corticosterone and performance in broiler chickens. Int J Biometeorol, 59 (11), 1577-1583.
- Nasr M, Alkhedaide AQ, Ramadan A, Hafez A, Hussein MA (2021). Potential impact of stocking density on growth, carcass traits, indicators of biochemical and oxidative stress and meat quality of different broiler breeds. Poult Sci, 100 (11), 101442.
- Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yogi K (1979). Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem, 95 (2), 351-358.
- Park SO, Park BS, Hwangbo J (2015). Effect of cold water and inverse lighting on growth performance of broiler chickens under extreme heat stress. J Environ Biol, 36 (4), 865-873.
- Quinteiro-Filho WM, Ribeiro A, Ferraz-de-Paula V et al. (2010). Heat stress impairs performance parameters, induces intestinal injury, and decreases macrophage activity in broiler chickens. Poult Sci, 89 (9), 1905-1914.
- Simsek U, Dalkilic B, Ciftci M, Yuce A (2009). The Influences of different stocking densities on some welfare indicators, lipid peroxidation (MDA) and antioxidant enzyme activities (GSH, GSH-Px, CAT) in broiler chickens. JAVA, 8 (8), 1568-1572.
- Sun Y, Oberley LW, Li Y (1998). A simple method for clinical assay of superoxide dismutase. Clin Chem, 34 (3), 479-500.
- Teeter RG, Smith MO, Owens FN et al. (1985). Chronic heat stress and respiratory alkalosis: occurrence and treatment in broiler chicks. Poult Sci, 64 (6), 1060-1064.
- Tietze F (1969). Enzymic method for quantitative determination of nanogram amounts of total and oxidized glutathione: applications to mammalian blood and other tissues. Ann Biochem, 27 (3), 502-522.
The Effect of Cold Water and Stocking Density on Oxidative Metabolism in Broiler Chickens During Hot Dry Season
Abstract
The present experiment was conducted to investigate the effect of drinking water temperature and stocking density (SD) on oxidative metabolism in the heart, liver, bursa fabricius, and thymus in broiler chickens raised under heat stress. The experiment comprised of 360 one-day-old Ross 308 male broiler chickens randomly divided to 6 experimental groups with 4 replicates in each group. Experimental treatments included three different SD (low = 12 birds/m2, medium = 15 birds/m2 or high = 18 birds/m2) and two different drinking water temperature (10oC or 31oC) in a 3 x 2 factorial arrangement. At the end of the experiment (42 days of age), two birds per replicate were euthanized for sample collection. The results indicated high SD increased oxidative damage and caused an increase in MDA formation in the heart, liver and thymus. On the other hand, cold water ameliorated the oxidative damage due to the high SD in the thymus. In the study, the statistically non-significant interaction was generally determined between cage stocking density and cold drinking water on the antioxidant system. Besides, while cold water administration increased CAT activity in heart and thymus tissues, decreased GSH activity. In conclusion, drinking water temperature and stocking density are key environmental factors effecting oxidative metabolism when broilers under high temperature conditions; however, more studies are needed in terms of the interactive effects of water temperature and stocking density on antioxidant enzymes under current conditions.
Keywords
References
- Aengwanich W (2007). Effects of High Environmental Temperature on Blood Indices of Thai Indigenous Chickens, Thai Indigenous Chickens Crossbred and Broilers. Int J Poult Sci, 6 (6), 427-430.
- Akbarian A, Michiels J, Degroote J et al. (2016). Association between heat stress and oxidative stress in poultry; mitochondrial dysfunction and dietary interventions with phytochemicals. J Anim Sci Biotechnol, 7, 37-51.
- Altan O, Pabuçcuoğlu A, Altan A, Konyalioğlu S, Bayraktar H (2003). Effect of heat stress on oxidative stress, lipid peroxidation and some stress parameters in broilers. Br Poult Sci, 44 (4), 545-550.
- Astaneh IY, Chamani M, Mousavi SN, Sadeghi AA, Afshar MA (2018). Effects of stocking density on performance and immunity in Ross 308 broiler chickens. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 24 (4), 483-489.
- Beker A, Teeter RG (1994).Drinking water temperature and potassium chloride supplementation effects on broiler body temperature and performance during heat stress. J Appl Poult Res, 3 (1), 87-92.
- Bruno LDG, Maiorka M, Macari M, Furlan RL, Givisiez PEN (2011). Water intake behavior of broiler chickens exposed to heat stress and drinking from bell and nipple drinkers. Braz J Poult Sci, 13 (2), 147-152.
- Cengiz Ö, Köksal BH, Tatlı O et al. (2015). Effect of dietary probiotic and high stocking density on the performance, carcass yield, gut microflora, and stress indicators of broilers. Poult Sci, 94 (10), 2395-2403.
- Dalle-Donne I, Rossi R, Colombo R, Giustarini D, Milzani A (2006). Biomarkers of oxidative damage in human disease. Clin Chem., 52 (4), 601-623.
- Fadillioglu E, Erdogan H, Polat A, Emre MH (2002). Renal antioxidant status in rats with hypertension induced by N sup omega nitro-L-arginine methyl ester. Kidney Blood Press Res, 25 (4), 211-216.
- Farghly M, Abd El-Hack ME, Alagawany M, Saadeldin IM, Swelum AA (2018). Wet feed and cold water as heat stress modulators in growing Muscovy ducklings. Poult Sci, 97 (5), 1588-1594.
- Goo D, Kim JH, Park GH, Delos Reyes JB, Kil DY (2019). Effect of Heat Stress and Stocking Density on Growth Performance, Breast Meat Quality, and Intestinal Barrier Function in Broiler Chickens. Animals (Basel), 9 (3), 107-117.
- Irato P, Santovito G (2021). Enzymatic and Non-Enzymatic Molecules with Antioxidant Function. Antioxidants (Basel), 10 (4), 579-583.
- Lin H, Decuypere E, Buyse J (2006). Acute heat stress induces oxidative stress in broiler chickens. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol, 144 (1), 11-17.
- Luck H (1965). Catalase: In methods of enzymatic analysis. Bergmeyer HU, (Ed), Academic Press New York, USA, 885-894.
- Mustafa MY, Muneer MA, Anjum AA, Ahamd M (2010). Influence of stocking density on immune response of broilers against newcastle disease virus. PJLSS, 8 (1), 7-10.
- Najafi P, Zulkifli I, Jajuli NA (2015). Environmental temperature and stocking density effects on acute phase proteins, heat shock protein 70, circulating corticosterone and performance in broiler chickens. Int J Biometeorol, 59 (11), 1577-1583.
- Nasr M, Alkhedaide AQ, Ramadan A, Hafez A, Hussein MA (2021). Potential impact of stocking density on growth, carcass traits, indicators of biochemical and oxidative stress and meat quality of different broiler breeds. Poult Sci, 100 (11), 101442.
- Ohkawa H, Ohishi N, Yogi K (1979). Assay for lipid peroxides in animal tissues by thiobarbituric acid reaction. Anal Biochem, 95 (2), 351-358.
- Park SO, Park BS, Hwangbo J (2015). Effect of cold water and inverse lighting on growth performance of broiler chickens under extreme heat stress. J Environ Biol, 36 (4), 865-873.
- Quinteiro-Filho WM, Ribeiro A, Ferraz-de-Paula V et al. (2010). Heat stress impairs performance parameters, induces intestinal injury, and decreases macrophage activity in broiler chickens. Poult Sci, 89 (9), 1905-1914.
- Simsek U, Dalkilic B, Ciftci M, Yuce A (2009). The Influences of different stocking densities on some welfare indicators, lipid peroxidation (MDA) and antioxidant enzyme activities (GSH, GSH-Px, CAT) in broiler chickens. JAVA, 8 (8), 1568-1572.
- Sun Y, Oberley LW, Li Y (1998). A simple method for clinical assay of superoxide dismutase. Clin Chem, 34 (3), 479-500.
- Teeter RG, Smith MO, Owens FN et al. (1985). Chronic heat stress and respiratory alkalosis: occurrence and treatment in broiler chicks. Poult Sci, 64 (6), 1060-1064.
- Tietze F (1969). Enzymic method for quantitative determination of nanogram amounts of total and oxidized glutathione: applications to mammalian blood and other tissues. Ann Biochem, 27 (3), 502-522.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Sciences (Other) |
| Journal Section | Araştırma Makaleleri |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | July 26, 2023 |
| Publication Date | July 29, 2023 |
| Submission Date | February 28, 2023 |
| Acceptance Date | May 18, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 34 Issue: 2 |
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