Research Article
Year 2023,
Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 235 - 240, 15.12.2023
Abstract
References
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- Dong, G., Ren, M., Wang, X., Jiang, H., Yin, X., Wang, S., Wang X. & Feng, H. (2015). Allopurinol reduces severity of delayed neurologic sequelae in experimental carbon monoxide toxicity in rats. Neurotoxicology, 48, 171-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2015.03.015
- Dries, D. J., & Endorf, F. W. (2013). Inhalation injury: epidemiology, pathology, treatment strategies. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, 21, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/1757-7241-21-31
- Engstrom, R. T. (2010). First-order fire effects on animals: Review and recommendations. Fire Ecology, 6, 115-130. https://doi.org/10.4996/fi reecology.0601115
- Hubbard, G. B., Langlinais, P. C., Shimazu, T., Okerberg, C. V., Mason Jr, A. D., & Pruitt Jr, B. A. (1991). The morphology of smoke inhalation injury in sheep. The Journal of Trauma, 31(11), 1477-1486. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005373-199111000-00003
- Jordaan, P. R., Steyl, J. C., Hanekom, C. C., & Combrink, X. (2020). Fire-associated reptile mortality in Tembe Elephant Park, South Africa. Fire Ecology, 16(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-019-0066-4
- Reczyńska, K., Tharkar, P., Kim, S. Y., Wang, Y., Pamuła, E., Chan, H. K., & Chrzanowski, W. (2018). Animal models of smoke inhalation injury and related acute and chronic lung diseases. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 123, 107-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2017.10.005
- Rodkey, F. L., O'Neal, J. D., Collison, H. A., & Uddin, D. E. (1974). Relative affinity of hemoglobin S and hemoglobin A for carbon monoxide and oxygen. Clinical Chemistry, 20(1), 83-84. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/20.1.83
- Rutter, A. V., Chippendale, T. W., Yang, Y., Španěl, P., Smith, D., & Sulé-Suso, J. (2013). Quantification by SIFT-MS of acetaldehyde released by lung cells in a 3D model. Analyst, 138(1), 91-95. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2an36185j
- Savolainen H. & Kirchner N. (1997). Toxicological mechanisms of fire smoke. The Internet Journal of Rescue and Disaster Medicine, 1 (1), 1-6.
- Schmidt-Nielson, K. (1979). Animal physiology: Adaptation and environment. Cambridge Uni¬versity Press, United Kingdom.
- Thorning, D. R., Howard, M. L., Hudson, L. D., & Schumacher, R. L. (1982). Pulmonary responses to smoke inhalation: Morphologic changes in rabbits exposed to pine wood smoke. Human Pathology, 13(4), 355-364. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0046-8177(82)80225-6
- Walker, P. F., Buehner, M. F., Wood, L. A., Boyer, N. L., Driscoll, I. R., Lundy, J. B., Cancio L.C.& Chung, K. K. (2015). Diagnosis and management of inhalation injury: An updated review. Critical Care, 19(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-015-1077-4
- Whelan, R. J. (1995). The ecology of fire. Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom.
- Wohlsein, P., Peters, M., Schulze, C., & Baumgärtner, W. (2016). Thermal injuries in veterinary forensic pathology. Veterinary Pathology, 53(5), 1001-1017. https://doi.org/10.1177/0300985816643
- Zhu, F., Qiu, X., Wang, J., Jin, Y., Sun, Y., Lv, T., & Xia, Z. (2012). A rat model of smoke inhalation injury. Inhalation Toxicology, 24(6), 356-364. https://doi.org/10.3109/08958378.2012.673179
Year 2023,
Volume: 8 Issue: 3, 235 - 240, 15.12.2023
Abstract
In the study, it was aimed to describe the histopathological findings in bears that died as a result of smoke poisoning in natural fire deaths, unlike model studies. Himalayan (n:3) and brown bears (n:7) that died due to smoke in the fire were brought for necropsy. Macroscopically, there were no burns or injuries on the bearskins. The lumens of the trachea were filled with edema and had petechial to ecchymotic hemorrhages. There were hemorrhage areas ranging from the size of a pinhead to large areas of ecchymosis, spreading diffusely in all lung lobes. Pulmonary emphysemas were found in varying sizes, especially in the distal lobes. In all bronchi, bronchioles, most alveoli, and under the pleura were detected-filled areas with erythrocytes. The interalveolar septal regions were noted to be thickened by erythrocyte/inflammatory cell infiltration. Desquamation of lamina epithelialis, edema, emphysema, and carbon pigment in alveolar macrophages and/or free were observed. Since many studies on smoke inhalation are experimental, in this respect, the death findings noted in this study are thought to be very valuable since the bears died naturally. Additionally, symptoms caused by acute smoke inhalation in bears have been described. To the authors' knowledge, this is the first fire-related study in bears, and it is considered that bears have died from carbon monoxide inhalation.
Keywords
Ethical Statement
Since no live animals were used in this study, ethical permission was not required.
Supporting Institution
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Thanks
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References
- Brizio-Molteni, L., Piano, G., Rice, P. L., Warpeha, R., Fresco, R., Solliday, N. H., & Molteni, A. (1984). Effect of wood combustion smoke inhalation on angiotensin-1-converting enzyme in the dog. Annals of Clinical & Laboratory Science, 14(5), 381-389.
- Dong, G., Ren, M., Wang, X., Jiang, H., Yin, X., Wang, S., Wang X. & Feng, H. (2015). Allopurinol reduces severity of delayed neurologic sequelae in experimental carbon monoxide toxicity in rats. Neurotoxicology, 48, 171-179. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuro.2015.03.015
- Dries, D. J., & Endorf, F. W. (2013). Inhalation injury: epidemiology, pathology, treatment strategies. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, 21, 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/1757-7241-21-31
- Engstrom, R. T. (2010). First-order fire effects on animals: Review and recommendations. Fire Ecology, 6, 115-130. https://doi.org/10.4996/fi reecology.0601115
- Hubbard, G. B., Langlinais, P. C., Shimazu, T., Okerberg, C. V., Mason Jr, A. D., & Pruitt Jr, B. A. (1991). The morphology of smoke inhalation injury in sheep. The Journal of Trauma, 31(11), 1477-1486. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005373-199111000-00003
- Jordaan, P. R., Steyl, J. C., Hanekom, C. C., & Combrink, X. (2020). Fire-associated reptile mortality in Tembe Elephant Park, South Africa. Fire Ecology, 16(1), 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1186/s42408-019-0066-4
- Reczyńska, K., Tharkar, P., Kim, S. Y., Wang, Y., Pamuła, E., Chan, H. K., & Chrzanowski, W. (2018). Animal models of smoke inhalation injury and related acute and chronic lung diseases. Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews, 123, 107-134. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.addr.2017.10.005
- Rodkey, F. L., O'Neal, J. D., Collison, H. A., & Uddin, D. E. (1974). Relative affinity of hemoglobin S and hemoglobin A for carbon monoxide and oxygen. Clinical Chemistry, 20(1), 83-84. https://doi.org/10.1093/clinchem/20.1.83
- Rutter, A. V., Chippendale, T. W., Yang, Y., Španěl, P., Smith, D., & Sulé-Suso, J. (2013). Quantification by SIFT-MS of acetaldehyde released by lung cells in a 3D model. Analyst, 138(1), 91-95. https://doi.org/10.1039/c2an36185j
- Savolainen H. & Kirchner N. (1997). Toxicological mechanisms of fire smoke. The Internet Journal of Rescue and Disaster Medicine, 1 (1), 1-6.
- Schmidt-Nielson, K. (1979). Animal physiology: Adaptation and environment. Cambridge Uni¬versity Press, United Kingdom.
- Thorning, D. R., Howard, M. L., Hudson, L. D., & Schumacher, R. L. (1982). Pulmonary responses to smoke inhalation: Morphologic changes in rabbits exposed to pine wood smoke. Human Pathology, 13(4), 355-364. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0046-8177(82)80225-6
- Walker, P. F., Buehner, M. F., Wood, L. A., Boyer, N. L., Driscoll, I. R., Lundy, J. B., Cancio L.C.& Chung, K. K. (2015). Diagnosis and management of inhalation injury: An updated review. Critical Care, 19(1), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13054-015-1077-4
- Whelan, R. J. (1995). The ecology of fire. Cambridge University Press, United Kingdom.
- Wohlsein, P., Peters, M., Schulze, C., & Baumgärtner, W. (2016). Thermal injuries in veterinary forensic pathology. Veterinary Pathology, 53(5), 1001-1017. https://doi.org/10.1177/0300985816643
- Zhu, F., Qiu, X., Wang, J., Jin, Y., Sun, Y., Lv, T., & Xia, Z. (2012). A rat model of smoke inhalation injury. Inhalation Toxicology, 24(6), 356-364. https://doi.org/10.3109/08958378.2012.673179
There are 16 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | English |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Pathology |
| Journal Section | Research Articles |
| Authors | |
| Early Pub Date | November 26, 2023 |
| Publication Date | December 15, 2023 |
| Submission Date | September 25, 2023 |
| Acceptance Date | November 25, 2023 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2023 Volume: 8 Issue: 3 |
