Review
Year 2021,
Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 181 - 190, 29.12.2021
Abstract
Auscultation is the most important part of the cardiovascular examination. It should be done systematically, usually after a physical examination, with a careful rest of the entire thorax and a focus on all cardiac regions. Heart sounds are produced by turbulent blood flow and vibrations of the heart and vessels. In this review, besides performing cardiac auscultation in dogs and cats, detailed information about normal and abnormal heart sounds on auscultation, arrhythmias and cardiac murmurs heard on auscultation were shared.
Keywords
References
- Atkins, C. (2014). Cardiovascular Physical Examination. World Small Animal Veterinary Association World Congress, Cape Town, 2014.
- Bakırel, U., & Ayvaz, Ö. (2019). Kalp Damar Bozuklukları. Altuğ, N. (Çeviri editörü). Köpek ve Kedilerin Klinik Hekimliği. 3. Baskı. Ankara, Türkiye: Güneş Kitabevleri; 2019. p.195-199.
- Başoğlu, A. (1998). Veteriner İç Hastalıklarında Klinik Muayene. Konya, Türkiye: Bahçıvanlar Basım.
- Bilal, T. (2011). Köpek ve Kedilerde Kardiyoloji, İstanbul, Turkey: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri.
- Campbell, F. E. (2013). Cardiac disease and examination. World Small Animal Veterinary Association World Congress Proceedings (WSAVA), New Zealand, 2013, 1-6.
- Gompf, R. E. (2008). The History and Physical Examination. In, Tilley LP, Smith FWK, Oyama MA, Sleeper MM, Editors. Manual of Canine and Feline Cardiology. 4 th ed. Saint Louis, USA: Saunders Elsevier; 2008. p.2-23.
- Häggström J., Kvart, C., & Hansson, K. (1995). Heart sounds and murmurs: changes related to severity of chronic valvular disease in the Cavalier King Charles spaniel. J Vet Intern Med, 9(2), 75-85.
- Hogan, D.F. (2008). Cardiac examination and history. NAVC Clinician’s Brief, 7, 49-53.
- Keene, B. W., Smith, F. W. K., Tilley, L. P., & Hansen, B,. (2014). Rapid Interpretation of Heart and Lung Sounds - E-Book: A Guide to Cardiac and Respiratory Auscultation in Dogs and Cats, 3 rd ed. Elsevier Health Sciences.
- Kittleson, M. D, & Kienle, R. D. (1998). Small Animal Cardiovascular Medicine, 1 st ed. St. Louis: Mosby.
- Mandese, W. W., & Estrada, A. H. (2017). The basic cardiology examination. Clinician Brief, 5, 91-98.
- Martin, M., & Corcoran, B. (2006). Notes on Cardiorespiratory Diseases of the Dog and Cat, 2 nd ed. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.
- Naylor, J. M. L. M., Yadernuk, J., W. Pharr., & J. S. Ashburner. (2001). “An assessment of the ability of diplomates, practitioners, and students to describe and interpret recordings of heart murmurs and arrhythmia.” J Vet Intern Med, 15(6), 507-515.
- Nelson, O. L. (2003). Small Animal Cardiology. Saint Louis, USA: Butterworth-Heinemann.
- Pace, C. (2017). How to maximise your auscultation technique. The Veterinary Nurse, 8(9), 512-515.
- Pedersen, H. D., J. Häggström, T., Falk, T., Mow, L.H., Olsen, L., Iversen., & A. L. Jensen. (1999). Auscultation in mild mitral regurgitation in dogs: observer variation, effects of physical maneuvers, and agreement with color Doppler echocardiography and phonocardiography.J Vet Intern Med, 13(1), 56-64.
- Rishniw, M., & Thomas, W. P. (2002). “Dynamic right ventricular outflow obstruction: a new cause of systolic murmurs in cats.” J Vet Intern Med, 16(5), 547-552.
- Sisson D. D., & Ettinger S.J. (1999). Examination of the Patient with Cardiovascular Disease-The Physical Examination. In, Fox PR, Sisson D, Moïse NS, Editors. Textbook of Canine and Feline Cardiology: Principles and Clinical Practice. Philadelphia, USA: W.B. Saunders Co. 1999.pp. 46-64.
- Ware, W. (2011). Cardiovascular Disease in Small Animal Medicine. London, UK: Manson Publishing.
Year 2021,
Volume: 12 Issue: 3, 181 - 190, 29.12.2021
Abstract
Oskültasyon, kardiyovasküler muayenenin en önemli kısmıdır. Genellikle fiziksel muayeneden sonra sistematik bir şekilde yapılmalı, toraksın tamamı dikkatlice dinlenmeli ve tüm kardiyak bölgelere odaklanılmalıdır. Kalp sesleri, türbülanslı kan akışı ve kalp ve damarların titreşimleriyle oluşur. Bu derlemede köpek ve kedilerde kardiyak oskultasyonun yapılışının yanısıra, oskultasyondaki normal ve anormal kalp sesleri, oskültasyonda duyulan aritmiler ve kardiyak üfürümler hakkında detaylı bilgiler paylaşıldı.
Keywords
References
- Atkins, C. (2014). Cardiovascular Physical Examination. World Small Animal Veterinary Association World Congress, Cape Town, 2014.
- Bakırel, U., & Ayvaz, Ö. (2019). Kalp Damar Bozuklukları. Altuğ, N. (Çeviri editörü). Köpek ve Kedilerin Klinik Hekimliği. 3. Baskı. Ankara, Türkiye: Güneş Kitabevleri; 2019. p.195-199.
- Başoğlu, A. (1998). Veteriner İç Hastalıklarında Klinik Muayene. Konya, Türkiye: Bahçıvanlar Basım.
- Bilal, T. (2011). Köpek ve Kedilerde Kardiyoloji, İstanbul, Turkey: Nobel Tıp Kitabevleri.
- Campbell, F. E. (2013). Cardiac disease and examination. World Small Animal Veterinary Association World Congress Proceedings (WSAVA), New Zealand, 2013, 1-6.
- Gompf, R. E. (2008). The History and Physical Examination. In, Tilley LP, Smith FWK, Oyama MA, Sleeper MM, Editors. Manual of Canine and Feline Cardiology. 4 th ed. Saint Louis, USA: Saunders Elsevier; 2008. p.2-23.
- Häggström J., Kvart, C., & Hansson, K. (1995). Heart sounds and murmurs: changes related to severity of chronic valvular disease in the Cavalier King Charles spaniel. J Vet Intern Med, 9(2), 75-85.
- Hogan, D.F. (2008). Cardiac examination and history. NAVC Clinician’s Brief, 7, 49-53.
- Keene, B. W., Smith, F. W. K., Tilley, L. P., & Hansen, B,. (2014). Rapid Interpretation of Heart and Lung Sounds - E-Book: A Guide to Cardiac and Respiratory Auscultation in Dogs and Cats, 3 rd ed. Elsevier Health Sciences.
- Kittleson, M. D, & Kienle, R. D. (1998). Small Animal Cardiovascular Medicine, 1 st ed. St. Louis: Mosby.
- Mandese, W. W., & Estrada, A. H. (2017). The basic cardiology examination. Clinician Brief, 5, 91-98.
- Martin, M., & Corcoran, B. (2006). Notes on Cardiorespiratory Diseases of the Dog and Cat, 2 nd ed. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing.
- Naylor, J. M. L. M., Yadernuk, J., W. Pharr., & J. S. Ashburner. (2001). “An assessment of the ability of diplomates, practitioners, and students to describe and interpret recordings of heart murmurs and arrhythmia.” J Vet Intern Med, 15(6), 507-515.
- Nelson, O. L. (2003). Small Animal Cardiology. Saint Louis, USA: Butterworth-Heinemann.
- Pace, C. (2017). How to maximise your auscultation technique. The Veterinary Nurse, 8(9), 512-515.
- Pedersen, H. D., J. Häggström, T., Falk, T., Mow, L.H., Olsen, L., Iversen., & A. L. Jensen. (1999). Auscultation in mild mitral regurgitation in dogs: observer variation, effects of physical maneuvers, and agreement with color Doppler echocardiography and phonocardiography.J Vet Intern Med, 13(1), 56-64.
- Rishniw, M., & Thomas, W. P. (2002). “Dynamic right ventricular outflow obstruction: a new cause of systolic murmurs in cats.” J Vet Intern Med, 16(5), 547-552.
- Sisson D. D., & Ettinger S.J. (1999). Examination of the Patient with Cardiovascular Disease-The Physical Examination. In, Fox PR, Sisson D, Moïse NS, Editors. Textbook of Canine and Feline Cardiology: Principles and Clinical Practice. Philadelphia, USA: W.B. Saunders Co. 1999.pp. 46-64.
- Ware, W. (2011). Cardiovascular Disease in Small Animal Medicine. London, UK: Manson Publishing.
There are 19 citations in total.
Details
| Primary Language | Turkish |
|---|---|
| Subjects | Veterinary Sciences |
| Journal Section | Review |
| Authors | |
| Publication Date | December 29, 2021 |
| Acceptance Date | December 16, 2021 |
| Published in Issue | Year 2021 Volume: 12 Issue: 3 |
