Araştırma Makalesi
Yıl 2023,
Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2, 81 - 86, 31.07.2023
Öz
Kaynakça
- Apanaskevich, D. A. and Horak, I. G. 2008. The genus Hyalomma Koch, 1844: V. re-evaluation of the taxonomic rank of taxa comprising the H. (Euhyalomma) marginatum Koch complex of species (Acari: Ixodidae) with redescription of all parasitic stages and notes on biology. International Journal of Acarology, 21 (1): 13-42. doi: 10.1080/01647950808683704
- Barbour, A.G., Maupin, G.O., Teltow, G.J., Carter, C.J. and Piesman, J. 1996. Identification of an uncultivable Borrelia species in the hard tick Amblyomma americanum: Possible agent of a lyme disease-like illness. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 173 (2): 403-409. doi: 10.1093/infdis/173.2.403
- Black, W.C. and Piesman, J. 1994. Phylogeny of hard- and soft-tick taxa (Acari: Ixodida) based on mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 91 (21): 10034-10038. doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.21.10034
- Bursali, A., Tekin, S., Keskin, A., Ekici, M. and Dundar, E. 2011. Species diversity of ixodid ticks feeding on humans in Amasya, Turkey: seasonal abundance and presence of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. Journal of Medical Entomology, 48 (1): 85-93. doi: 10.1603/ME10034
- Bursalı, A., Keskin, A. and Tekin, Ş. 2012. A review of the ticks (Acari: Ixodida) of Turkey: Species diversity, hosts and geographical distribution. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 57 (1): 91-104. doi: 10.1007/s10493-012-9530-4
- Capek, M., Literak, I., Kocianova, E., Sychra, O., Najer, T., Trnka, A. and Kverek, P. 2014. Ticks of the Hyalomma marginatum complex transported by migratory birds into Central Europe. Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases, 5 (5): 489-493. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2014.03.002
- Chitimia-Dobler, L., Mans, B.J., Handschuh, S. and Dunlop, J.A. 2022. A remarkable assemblage of ticks from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. Parasitology, 149 (6): 820-830. doi: 10.1017/S0031182022000269
- Colborn, J.M., Kosoy, M.Y., Motin, V.L., Telepnev, M.V., Valbuena, G., Myint, K.S., Fofanov, Y., Putonti, C., Feng, C. and Peruski, L. 2010. Improved detection of Bartonella DNA in mammalian hosts and arthropod vectors by real-time PCR using the NADH dehydrogenase gamma subunit (nuoG). Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 48 (12): 4630-4633. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00470-10
- Dantas-Torres, F., Chomel, B.B. and Otranto, D. 2012. Ticks and tick-borne diseases: A One Health perspective. Trends in Parasitology, 28 (10): 437-446. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2012.07.003
- Dantas-Torres, F. 2018. Species concepts: what about ticks? Trends in Parasitology, 34 (12): 1017-1026. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.09.009
- Dik, B. and Ozkayhan, M.A. 2007. Mallophaga species on long-legged buzzards (Buteo rufinus) in Turkey. Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi, 31 (4): 298-301.
- Dik, B. and Kandir, E.H. 2021. Ectoparasites in some wild birds (Aves) in Turkey. Progress in Nutrition, 23 (2): e2021261. doi: 10.23751/pn.v23iS2.11919
- Dik, B., Naz, S. and Sajid, M.S. 2022. Data on the chewing lice (Phthiraptera) parasitizing the accipitrid birds (Accipitriformes) in turkey. Journal of Animal Health and Production, 10 (4): 443-453. doi: 10.4.443.453
- Karasartova, D., Gureser, A. S., Gokce, T., Celebi, B., Yapar, D., Keskin, A., Çelik, S., Ece, Y., Erenler, A. K., Usluca, S., Mumcuoglu, K. Y. and Taylan-Ozkan, A. (2018). Bacterial and protozoal pathogens found in ticks collected from humans in Corum province of Turkey. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 12 (4): e0006395. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006395
- Dubska, L., Literak, I., Kocianova, E., Taragelova, V. and Sychra, O. 2009. Differential role of passerine birds in distribution of Borrelia spirochetes, based on data from ticks collected from birds during the postbreeding migration period in Central Europe. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 75 (3): 596-602. doi: 10.1128/AEM.01674-08
- Eren, G. and Açıcı, M. 2022. A contribution to avian ectoparasite fauna of Turkey: the reports of feather mites and tick on the Great tit (Parus major L.). Acarological Studies, 4 (1): 21-27. doi: 10.47121/acarolstud.970440
- Ergönül, Ö. 2009. Kırım Kongo Kanamali Ateşi. Ankem Dergisi, 23: 234-240. [In Turkish]
- Estrada-Peña, A., Mihalca, A.D. and Petney, T.N. 2017. Ticks of Europe and North Africa: A guide to species identification. Springer, Cham, Switzerland, 404 pp.
- Forsman, D. 1999. The raptors of Europe and the Middle East: a handbook of field identification. T. & A.D. Poyser Ltd., London, UK, 589 pp.
- Guglielmone, A.A., Apanaskevich, D.A., Estrada-Peña, A., Robbins, R.G., Petney, T.N. and Horak, I. G. 2014. The hard ticks of the world: (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae). Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 738 pp. Guglielmone, A.A., Sánchez, M.E., Franco, L.G., Nava, S., Rueda, L.M. and Robbins, R.G. 2023. Names of species of hard ticks. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuária, Rafaela, Argentina. Available from: http://rafaela.inta.gob.ar/nombresgarrapatas/ (Last accessed: Marc 25, 2023).
- Hall, T.A. (1999). BIOEDIT: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/ NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series, 41: 95-98.
- Hoogstraal, H., Kaiser, M.N., Traylor, M.A., Gaber, S. and Guindy, E. 1961. Ticks (Ixodoidea) on birds migrating from Africa to Europe and Asia. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 24 (2): 197-212.
- Hoogstraal, H., Kaiser, M.N., Traylor, M.A., Guindy, E. and Gaber, S. 1963. Ticks (Ixodidae) on birds migrating from Europe and Asia to Africa 1959-61. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 28: 235-262.
- Jongejan, F. and Uilenberg, G. 2004. The global importance of ticks. Parasitology, 129 (S1): 3-14. doi: 10.1017/S0031182004005967
- Karaer, Z., Guven, E., Nalbantoglu, S., Kar, S., Orkun, O., Ekdal, K., Kocak, A. and Akcay, A. 2011. Ticks on humans in Ankara, Turkey. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 54 (1): 85-91. doi: 10.1007/s10493-010-9417-1
- Keskin, A., Koprulu, T. K., Bursali, A., Ozsemir, A. C., Yavuz, K. E. and Tekin, S. 2014. First record of Ixodes arboricola (Ixodida: Ixodidae) from Turkey with presence of 'Candidatus Rickettsia vini' (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 51 (4): 864-867. doi: 10.1603/ME13169
- Keskin, A., Keskin, A., Bursali, A. and Tekin, S. 2015. Ticks (Acari: Ixodida) parasitizing humans in Corum and Yozgat provinces, Turkey. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 67 (4): 607-616. doi: 10.1007/s10493-015-9966-4
- Keskin, A. and Erciyas-Yavuz, K. 2016. A preliminary investigation on ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting birds in Kizilirmak Delta, Turkey. Journal of Medical Entomology, 53 (1): 217-220. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjv149
- Keskin, A. and Erciyas-Yavuz, K. 2019. Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) parasitizing passerine birds in Turkey with new records and new tick-host associations. Journal of Medical Entomology, 56 (1): 156-161. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjy151
- Keskin, A., and Selçuk, A. Y. 2021. A survey for tick (Acari: Ixodidae) infestation on some wild mammals and the first record of Ixodes trianguliceps Birula in Turkey. Systematic and Applied Acarology, 26 (12): 2209-2220. doi: 10.11158/saa.26.12.1
- Leblebicioglu, H., Eroglu, C., Erciyas-Yavuz, K., Hokelek, M., Acici, M. and Yilmaz, H. 2014. Role of migratory birds in spreading Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Turkey. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20 (8): 1331-1334. doi: 10.3201/eid2008.131547
- Morozov, A., Tischenkov, A., Silaghi, C., Proka, A., Toderas, I., Movila, A., Frickmann, H. and Poppert, S. 2022. Prevalence of Bacterial and Protozoan Pathogens in Ticks Collected from Birds in the Republic of Moldova. Microorganisms, 10 (6): 1111. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10061111
- Movila, A., Alekseev, A.N., Dubinina, H.V., and Toderas, I. 2013. Detection of tick‐borne pathogens in ticks from migratory birds in the Baltic region of Russia. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 27 (1): 113-117. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2012.01037.x
- Orkun, Ö., Karaer, Z., Çakmak, A. and Nalbantoǧlu, S. 2014. Spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks in Turkey. Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases, 5 (2): 213-218. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2012.11.018
- Orkun, Ö., Karaer, Z., Çakmak, A. and Nalbantoğlu, S. 2017. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in ticks in Turkey: A broad range tick surveillance study. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 52: 59-66. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.04.017
- Roux, V., Rydkina, E., Eremeeva, M. and Raoult, D. 1997. Citrate synthase gene comparison, a new tool for phylogenetic analysis, and its application for the Rickettsiae. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 47 (2): 252-261. doi: 10.1099/00207713-47-2-252
- Santos-Silva, M.M. and Vatansever, Z. 2017. Hyalomma marginatum Koch, 1844. In: Ticks of Europe and North Africa: A guide to species identification. Estrada-Peña, A., Mihalca, A.D. and Petney, T.N. (Eds). Springer, Cham, Switzerland, 349-354.
- Stafford, K.C. 2007. Tick management handbook: an integrated guide for homeowners, pest control operators, and public health officials for the prevention of tick-associated disease. The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin, Connecticut, USA, 78 pp.
- Uilenberg, G. 1992. Veterinary significance of ticks and tick-borne diseases. In: Tick vector biology. Fivaz, B., Petney, T. and Horak, I. (Eds). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany, 23-33.
A massive infestation of the long-legged buzzard, Buteo rufinus (Cretzschmar), by Hyalomma marginatum Koch (Acari: Ixodidae) ticks in Türkiye
Öz
Ticks are obligate blood-sucking ectoparasites of vertebrate animals, including mammals, birds, reptiles, and even amphibians. As a suitable host, birds may carry and spread ticks and serve as reservoirs for some tick-borne pathogens. The present study reports an impressive tick infestation on a long-legged buzzard, Buteo rufinus (Cretzschmar), in Türkiye. One hundred fifty-nine engorged nymphal ticks were removed with tweezers from a B. rufinus in the Wildlife Rescue Rehabilitation, Training, Practice, and Research Center (AKUREM), Afyon Kocatepe University, Afyonkarahisar province, Türkiye. All ticks were morphologically identified as the Hyalomma marginatum group. For accurate species identification, a molecular study on randomly selected two engorged nymphs was performed through Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification of a ~460 bp fragment of the mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene. Comparing our mitochondrial 16S rRNA sequences with those from the NCBI Genbank database showed that our ticks have a significant genetic similarity over 99% with Hyalomma marginatum Koch. Further, the extracted tick DNAs were also screened for the presence of Rickettsia, Borrelia and Bartonella bacteria targeting the rickettsial citrate synthase (gltA, ~750 bp), flagellin B (flaB, ~659 bp), NADH dehydrogenase gamma subunit (nuoG, ~346) genes, respectively; but samples were negative for these bacteria. To our knowledge, this is the first report of H. marginatum infesting B. rufinus in Türkiye and the first observation of the massive infestation of H. marginatum on B. rufinus.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Destekleyen Kurum
This study was not supported or not studied granting by any foundation.
Teşekkür
We thank the reviewers for the valuable suggestions and for taking the time and effort to review the manuscript.
Kaynakça
- Apanaskevich, D. A. and Horak, I. G. 2008. The genus Hyalomma Koch, 1844: V. re-evaluation of the taxonomic rank of taxa comprising the H. (Euhyalomma) marginatum Koch complex of species (Acari: Ixodidae) with redescription of all parasitic stages and notes on biology. International Journal of Acarology, 21 (1): 13-42. doi: 10.1080/01647950808683704
- Barbour, A.G., Maupin, G.O., Teltow, G.J., Carter, C.J. and Piesman, J. 1996. Identification of an uncultivable Borrelia species in the hard tick Amblyomma americanum: Possible agent of a lyme disease-like illness. Journal of Infectious Diseases, 173 (2): 403-409. doi: 10.1093/infdis/173.2.403
- Black, W.C. and Piesman, J. 1994. Phylogeny of hard- and soft-tick taxa (Acari: Ixodida) based on mitochondrial 16S rDNA sequences. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 91 (21): 10034-10038. doi: 10.1073/pnas.91.21.10034
- Bursali, A., Tekin, S., Keskin, A., Ekici, M. and Dundar, E. 2011. Species diversity of ixodid ticks feeding on humans in Amasya, Turkey: seasonal abundance and presence of Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus. Journal of Medical Entomology, 48 (1): 85-93. doi: 10.1603/ME10034
- Bursalı, A., Keskin, A. and Tekin, Ş. 2012. A review of the ticks (Acari: Ixodida) of Turkey: Species diversity, hosts and geographical distribution. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 57 (1): 91-104. doi: 10.1007/s10493-012-9530-4
- Capek, M., Literak, I., Kocianova, E., Sychra, O., Najer, T., Trnka, A. and Kverek, P. 2014. Ticks of the Hyalomma marginatum complex transported by migratory birds into Central Europe. Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases, 5 (5): 489-493. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2014.03.002
- Chitimia-Dobler, L., Mans, B.J., Handschuh, S. and Dunlop, J.A. 2022. A remarkable assemblage of ticks from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber. Parasitology, 149 (6): 820-830. doi: 10.1017/S0031182022000269
- Colborn, J.M., Kosoy, M.Y., Motin, V.L., Telepnev, M.V., Valbuena, G., Myint, K.S., Fofanov, Y., Putonti, C., Feng, C. and Peruski, L. 2010. Improved detection of Bartonella DNA in mammalian hosts and arthropod vectors by real-time PCR using the NADH dehydrogenase gamma subunit (nuoG). Journal of Clinical Microbiology, 48 (12): 4630-4633. doi: 10.1128/JCM.00470-10
- Dantas-Torres, F., Chomel, B.B. and Otranto, D. 2012. Ticks and tick-borne diseases: A One Health perspective. Trends in Parasitology, 28 (10): 437-446. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2012.07.003
- Dantas-Torres, F. 2018. Species concepts: what about ticks? Trends in Parasitology, 34 (12): 1017-1026. doi: 10.1016/j.pt.2018.09.009
- Dik, B. and Ozkayhan, M.A. 2007. Mallophaga species on long-legged buzzards (Buteo rufinus) in Turkey. Türkiye Parazitoloji Dergisi, 31 (4): 298-301.
- Dik, B. and Kandir, E.H. 2021. Ectoparasites in some wild birds (Aves) in Turkey. Progress in Nutrition, 23 (2): e2021261. doi: 10.23751/pn.v23iS2.11919
- Dik, B., Naz, S. and Sajid, M.S. 2022. Data on the chewing lice (Phthiraptera) parasitizing the accipitrid birds (Accipitriformes) in turkey. Journal of Animal Health and Production, 10 (4): 443-453. doi: 10.4.443.453
- Karasartova, D., Gureser, A. S., Gokce, T., Celebi, B., Yapar, D., Keskin, A., Çelik, S., Ece, Y., Erenler, A. K., Usluca, S., Mumcuoglu, K. Y. and Taylan-Ozkan, A. (2018). Bacterial and protozoal pathogens found in ticks collected from humans in Corum province of Turkey. PLoS neglected tropical diseases, 12 (4): e0006395. doi: 10.1371/journal.pntd.0006395
- Dubska, L., Literak, I., Kocianova, E., Taragelova, V. and Sychra, O. 2009. Differential role of passerine birds in distribution of Borrelia spirochetes, based on data from ticks collected from birds during the postbreeding migration period in Central Europe. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 75 (3): 596-602. doi: 10.1128/AEM.01674-08
- Eren, G. and Açıcı, M. 2022. A contribution to avian ectoparasite fauna of Turkey: the reports of feather mites and tick on the Great tit (Parus major L.). Acarological Studies, 4 (1): 21-27. doi: 10.47121/acarolstud.970440
- Ergönül, Ö. 2009. Kırım Kongo Kanamali Ateşi. Ankem Dergisi, 23: 234-240. [In Turkish]
- Estrada-Peña, A., Mihalca, A.D. and Petney, T.N. 2017. Ticks of Europe and North Africa: A guide to species identification. Springer, Cham, Switzerland, 404 pp.
- Forsman, D. 1999. The raptors of Europe and the Middle East: a handbook of field identification. T. & A.D. Poyser Ltd., London, UK, 589 pp.
- Guglielmone, A.A., Apanaskevich, D.A., Estrada-Peña, A., Robbins, R.G., Petney, T.N. and Horak, I. G. 2014. The hard ticks of the world: (Acari: Ixodida: Ixodidae). Springer, Dordrecht, The Netherlands, 738 pp. Guglielmone, A.A., Sánchez, M.E., Franco, L.G., Nava, S., Rueda, L.M. and Robbins, R.G. 2023. Names of species of hard ticks. Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia Agropecuária, Rafaela, Argentina. Available from: http://rafaela.inta.gob.ar/nombresgarrapatas/ (Last accessed: Marc 25, 2023).
- Hall, T.A. (1999). BIOEDIT: a user-friendly biological sequence alignment editor and analysis program for Windows 95/98/ NT. Nucleic Acids Symposium Series, 41: 95-98.
- Hoogstraal, H., Kaiser, M.N., Traylor, M.A., Gaber, S. and Guindy, E. 1961. Ticks (Ixodoidea) on birds migrating from Africa to Europe and Asia. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 24 (2): 197-212.
- Hoogstraal, H., Kaiser, M.N., Traylor, M.A., Guindy, E. and Gaber, S. 1963. Ticks (Ixodidae) on birds migrating from Europe and Asia to Africa 1959-61. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 28: 235-262.
- Jongejan, F. and Uilenberg, G. 2004. The global importance of ticks. Parasitology, 129 (S1): 3-14. doi: 10.1017/S0031182004005967
- Karaer, Z., Guven, E., Nalbantoglu, S., Kar, S., Orkun, O., Ekdal, K., Kocak, A. and Akcay, A. 2011. Ticks on humans in Ankara, Turkey. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 54 (1): 85-91. doi: 10.1007/s10493-010-9417-1
- Keskin, A., Koprulu, T. K., Bursali, A., Ozsemir, A. C., Yavuz, K. E. and Tekin, S. 2014. First record of Ixodes arboricola (Ixodida: Ixodidae) from Turkey with presence of 'Candidatus Rickettsia vini' (Rickettsiales: Rickettsiaceae). Journal of Medical Entomology, 51 (4): 864-867. doi: 10.1603/ME13169
- Keskin, A., Keskin, A., Bursali, A. and Tekin, S. 2015. Ticks (Acari: Ixodida) parasitizing humans in Corum and Yozgat provinces, Turkey. Experimental and Applied Acarology, 67 (4): 607-616. doi: 10.1007/s10493-015-9966-4
- Keskin, A. and Erciyas-Yavuz, K. 2016. A preliminary investigation on ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) infesting birds in Kizilirmak Delta, Turkey. Journal of Medical Entomology, 53 (1): 217-220. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjv149
- Keskin, A. and Erciyas-Yavuz, K. 2019. Ticks (Acari: Ixodidae) parasitizing passerine birds in Turkey with new records and new tick-host associations. Journal of Medical Entomology, 56 (1): 156-161. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjy151
- Keskin, A., and Selçuk, A. Y. 2021. A survey for tick (Acari: Ixodidae) infestation on some wild mammals and the first record of Ixodes trianguliceps Birula in Turkey. Systematic and Applied Acarology, 26 (12): 2209-2220. doi: 10.11158/saa.26.12.1
- Leblebicioglu, H., Eroglu, C., Erciyas-Yavuz, K., Hokelek, M., Acici, M. and Yilmaz, H. 2014. Role of migratory birds in spreading Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever, Turkey. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 20 (8): 1331-1334. doi: 10.3201/eid2008.131547
- Morozov, A., Tischenkov, A., Silaghi, C., Proka, A., Toderas, I., Movila, A., Frickmann, H. and Poppert, S. 2022. Prevalence of Bacterial and Protozoan Pathogens in Ticks Collected from Birds in the Republic of Moldova. Microorganisms, 10 (6): 1111. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms10061111
- Movila, A., Alekseev, A.N., Dubinina, H.V., and Toderas, I. 2013. Detection of tick‐borne pathogens in ticks from migratory birds in the Baltic region of Russia. Medical and Veterinary Entomology, 27 (1): 113-117. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2915.2012.01037.x
- Orkun, Ö., Karaer, Z., Çakmak, A. and Nalbantoǧlu, S. 2014. Spotted fever group rickettsiae in ticks in Turkey. Ticks and Tick-Borne Diseases, 5 (2): 213-218. doi: 10.1016/j.ttbdis.2012.11.018
- Orkun, Ö., Karaer, Z., Çakmak, A. and Nalbantoğlu, S. 2017. Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus in ticks in Turkey: A broad range tick surveillance study. Infection, Genetics and Evolution, 52: 59-66. doi: 10.1016/j.meegid.2017.04.017
- Roux, V., Rydkina, E., Eremeeva, M. and Raoult, D. 1997. Citrate synthase gene comparison, a new tool for phylogenetic analysis, and its application for the Rickettsiae. International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology, 47 (2): 252-261. doi: 10.1099/00207713-47-2-252
- Santos-Silva, M.M. and Vatansever, Z. 2017. Hyalomma marginatum Koch, 1844. In: Ticks of Europe and North Africa: A guide to species identification. Estrada-Peña, A., Mihalca, A.D. and Petney, T.N. (Eds). Springer, Cham, Switzerland, 349-354.
- Stafford, K.C. 2007. Tick management handbook: an integrated guide for homeowners, pest control operators, and public health officials for the prevention of tick-associated disease. The Connecticut Agricultural Experiment Station Bulletin, Connecticut, USA, 78 pp.
- Uilenberg, G. 1992. Veterinary significance of ticks and tick-borne diseases. In: Tick vector biology. Fivaz, B., Petney, T. and Horak, I. (Eds). Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, Germany, 23-33.
Toplam 39 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Yapısal Biyoloji , Akaroloji |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 31 Temmuz 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 Cilt: 5 Sayı: 2 |
Kaynak Göster
Acarological Studies is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International.
International Scientific Research Journal on Acarology