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Lama yetiştiriciliğine ilişkin bilgiler ve öneriler

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 76 - 84, 30.12.2023

Yavuzkan Paksoy Duygu Arslan

Öz

Günümüzde lamanın oynadığı rol, geçmiş dönemlere göre daha önemlidir. İş gücü, süs hayvanı, et, süt ve deri üretimi bakımından devegiller dünyada önemli bir yere sahiptir, ek olarak popülasyonları her geçen gün artmaktadır. Lama devegillerin 3 cinsinden birisidir. Farklı kullanım amaçları ve uygun bakım-besleme yöntemleriyle lamadan yüksek verim alınabilmesi sebebiyle devegiller familyası içinde en popüler cins haline gelmiştir. Yetiştirilme amacına bakılmaksızın lama refahı ve etik yaklaşımlar yetiştiricilikte göz önünde bulundurulmalıdır. Lamaların bakımı, beslenmesi, nakliyesi ve ötenazisi gibi önemli faktörlerin yetiştiricilik yapılırken uygun şartlar altında yapılmasına dikkat edilmelidir. Ülkemizde lama yetiştiriciliği ile ilgili yasalar gün geçtikçe daha iyi bir hale getirilmektedir. Bu derlemede, lama yetiştiriciliği ile ilgili bilgi ve öneriler ele alınarak veteriner hekimlere ve yetiştiricilere katkıda bulunmak amaçlanmıştır.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Devegiller Lama Yetiştirme Bakım

Kaynakça

  • Bromage, G. (2013). Llamas and Alpacas: A Guide to Management, British Library, ISBN 9781847975829.
  • Cowie, H. (2017). Llama. Reaktion Books, The University of Chicago. ISBN 9781780237862.
  • Ebel, S. (1989). The Llama Industry in the United States. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 5 (1), 1-20. doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0720(15)30999-3
  • Fowler, M.E. (1994). Health Care Of The Geriatric Llama and Alpaca. Food Anamial Practice, 10 (2): 391-399. DOI: 10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30571-5
  • Gunsser, I. (2013). Animal Welfare Problems in Alpacas and Llamas in Europe, France Symposium on South American Camelids and other Fibre Animals.
  • Gregory, G.N. (2004). Physiology and Behavior of Animal Suffering, Universities Federation for Animal Welfare, United Kingdom, ISBN 10: 0632064684.
  • Halkman, A.K. (2009). Clostridium Perfringens. Ankara Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Gıda Mühendisliği Bölümü.
  • Homeyer, F. (2022). Guardian Llamas. Ranch and Rural Living; San Angelo, 103 (10), 13-14.
  • Johnsson, L.R.W. (1989). Llama Reproduction, Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 5 (1): 159-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0720(15)31008-2
  • Kadwell, M., Fernandez, M., Stanley, H.F., Baldi, R., Wheeler, J.C., Rosadlo, R., & Bruford, M.W. (2001). Genetic Analysis Reveals The Wild Ancestors of The Llama and The Alpaca. Proceedings of The Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 268 (1485): 2575-2584. doi./10.1098/rspb.2001.1774
  • Kara, B. (2019). Alpaka (Vicugna pacos) Dünyanın En Küçük Devesi. Evren Atlası, Yeryüzü Tabiat.
  • Konuk, T. (1970). Deve ve Lama Alyuvarlarının Mikroskopik Görünümü, Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 17 (04): 518-522. doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000001651
  • Kotorri, S., Korro, K., Bakiu, R., Muhedini, P., & Gora, B. (2016). Enterotoxemia In Albanian Zoo- Park Llama (Lama glama): Clostridium Perfringens-type C was The Causative Agent, Journal International Environmental Application & Science, 11 (1): 42-46.
  • Leguía, G. (1991). The Epidemiology and Economic Impact of Llama Parasites. Parasitology Today, 7 (2): 54-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-4758(91)90190-Y
  • Long, P. (1989). Llama Herd Health. The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Food Animal Practice, 5 (1): 227-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0720(15)31012-4
  • MacKay, E., VanHoy, G., & Lakritz, J. (2022). Old World Camelids. Medicine and Surgery of Camelids, Fourth Edition. doi.org/10.1002/9781119583295.ch23
  • McGee, M. (1994). Llama Handling and Training. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 10 (2): 421-434. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0720(15)30573-9
  • Miranda-de la Lama, G.C., & Villarroel, M. (2023). Behavioural Biology of South American Domestic Camelids: An Overview From a Welfare Perspective. Small Ruminanat Research, 220, 106918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2023.106918
  • Moll, H.D., Schumacher, J., & Hoover, T.R. (1992). Entomophthoramycosis Conidiobolae in a Llama. Journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association, 200 (7): 969-970.
  • Noubert, S., Altrock, A., Wendt, M., & Wagener, M.G. (2021). Llama and Alpa Management in Germany-Results of an Online Survery among Owners on Farm Structure, Health Problems and Self-Reflection. Animals, 11 (1): 102. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11010102
  • Rouge, M. (2001). Dental Anatomy of Llamas. Colorado State University.
  • Rosychuk, R. A.W. (1994). Llama Dermatology, Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 10 (2): 228-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0720(15)30557-0
  • Sperling, R. (2022). Llamas and Alpacas. Journal of Agrıcultural & Food Informatıon, 23 (1-2): 2-8. doi.org/10.1080/10496505.2021.2012083
  • Wagener, M.G., Schregel, J., Ossowski, N., Trojakowska, A., Ganter, M., & Kiene, F. (2023). The Influence of Different Examiners on The Body Condinition Score (BCS) in South American Camelids Experiences From A Mixed Llama And Alpaca Herd. Frontiers Veterinary Science, 10, 1126399. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1126399
  • Wakild, E. (2020). “Llamas Are Having A Moment in The US, But They’ve Been Icons in South America For Millennia. The Conversation, Retrieved 9 September 2021.
  • Windschnurer, I., Eibl, C., Franz, S., Gilhover, E.M., & Waiblinger, S. (2020). Alpaca and Llama Behaviour During Handling and Its Associations With Caretaker Attitudes and Human-Animal Contact. Appied Animal Behaviour Science, 226, 104989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2020.104989

INFORMATION AND RECOMMENDATIONS ON LLAMA BREEDING

Yıl 2023, Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2, 76 - 84, 30.12.2023

Yavuzkan Paksoy Duygu Arslan

Öz

The role played by the lama today is more important than in past periods. Camelids have an important play in the world. Interns of the labor force, ornamental animal, meat, milk and leather production, in addition, their population is increasing day by day. The llama is one of the three species of camelids found today. It has become the most popular breed in the camelid family due to its different usage purposes and high productivity with appropriate care and feeding methods. Regardless of the purpose of breeding, llama welfare and ethical approaches should be taken into consideration in breeding. Important factors such as care, feeding, transportation and euthanasia of llamas should be noted under appropriate conditions during breeding. In our country, the laws regarding llama breeding are being improved day by day. In this review, aims to contribute to veterinarians and breeders by informing and making suggestions about llama breeding.

Anahtar Kelimeler

Camelids Llama Breeding Care

Kaynakça

  • Bromage, G. (2013). Llamas and Alpacas: A Guide to Management, British Library, ISBN 9781847975829.
  • Cowie, H. (2017). Llama. Reaktion Books, The University of Chicago. ISBN 9781780237862.
  • Ebel, S. (1989). The Llama Industry in the United States. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 5 (1), 1-20. doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0720(15)30999-3
  • Fowler, M.E. (1994). Health Care Of The Geriatric Llama and Alpaca. Food Anamial Practice, 10 (2): 391-399. DOI: 10.1016/s0749-0720(15)30571-5
  • Gunsser, I. (2013). Animal Welfare Problems in Alpacas and Llamas in Europe, France Symposium on South American Camelids and other Fibre Animals.
  • Gregory, G.N. (2004). Physiology and Behavior of Animal Suffering, Universities Federation for Animal Welfare, United Kingdom, ISBN 10: 0632064684.
  • Halkman, A.K. (2009). Clostridium Perfringens. Ankara Üniversitesi Mühendislik Fakültesi Gıda Mühendisliği Bölümü.
  • Homeyer, F. (2022). Guardian Llamas. Ranch and Rural Living; San Angelo, 103 (10), 13-14.
  • Johnsson, L.R.W. (1989). Llama Reproduction, Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 5 (1): 159-182. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0720(15)31008-2
  • Kadwell, M., Fernandez, M., Stanley, H.F., Baldi, R., Wheeler, J.C., Rosadlo, R., & Bruford, M.W. (2001). Genetic Analysis Reveals The Wild Ancestors of The Llama and The Alpaca. Proceedings of The Royal Society of London. Series B: Biological Sciences, 268 (1485): 2575-2584. doi./10.1098/rspb.2001.1774
  • Kara, B. (2019). Alpaka (Vicugna pacos) Dünyanın En Küçük Devesi. Evren Atlası, Yeryüzü Tabiat.
  • Konuk, T. (1970). Deve ve Lama Alyuvarlarının Mikroskopik Görünümü, Ankara Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi, 17 (04): 518-522. doi.org/10.1501/Vetfak_0000001651
  • Kotorri, S., Korro, K., Bakiu, R., Muhedini, P., & Gora, B. (2016). Enterotoxemia In Albanian Zoo- Park Llama (Lama glama): Clostridium Perfringens-type C was The Causative Agent, Journal International Environmental Application & Science, 11 (1): 42-46.
  • Leguía, G. (1991). The Epidemiology and Economic Impact of Llama Parasites. Parasitology Today, 7 (2): 54-56. https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-4758(91)90190-Y
  • Long, P. (1989). Llama Herd Health. The Veterinary Clinics of North America. Food Animal Practice, 5 (1): 227-232. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0749-0720(15)31012-4
  • MacKay, E., VanHoy, G., & Lakritz, J. (2022). Old World Camelids. Medicine and Surgery of Camelids, Fourth Edition. doi.org/10.1002/9781119583295.ch23
  • McGee, M. (1994). Llama Handling and Training. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 10 (2): 421-434. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0720(15)30573-9
  • Miranda-de la Lama, G.C., & Villarroel, M. (2023). Behavioural Biology of South American Domestic Camelids: An Overview From a Welfare Perspective. Small Ruminanat Research, 220, 106918. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.smallrumres.2023.106918
  • Moll, H.D., Schumacher, J., & Hoover, T.R. (1992). Entomophthoramycosis Conidiobolae in a Llama. Journal of The American Veterinary Medical Association, 200 (7): 969-970.
  • Noubert, S., Altrock, A., Wendt, M., & Wagener, M.G. (2021). Llama and Alpa Management in Germany-Results of an Online Survery among Owners on Farm Structure, Health Problems and Self-Reflection. Animals, 11 (1): 102. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11010102
  • Rouge, M. (2001). Dental Anatomy of Llamas. Colorado State University.
  • Rosychuk, R. A.W. (1994). Llama Dermatology, Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice, 10 (2): 228-239. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0749-0720(15)30557-0
  • Sperling, R. (2022). Llamas and Alpacas. Journal of Agrıcultural & Food Informatıon, 23 (1-2): 2-8. doi.org/10.1080/10496505.2021.2012083
  • Wagener, M.G., Schregel, J., Ossowski, N., Trojakowska, A., Ganter, M., & Kiene, F. (2023). The Influence of Different Examiners on The Body Condinition Score (BCS) in South American Camelids Experiences From A Mixed Llama And Alpaca Herd. Frontiers Veterinary Science, 10, 1126399. https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2023.1126399
  • Wakild, E. (2020). “Llamas Are Having A Moment in The US, But They’ve Been Icons in South America For Millennia. The Conversation, Retrieved 9 September 2021.
  • Windschnurer, I., Eibl, C., Franz, S., Gilhover, E.M., & Waiblinger, S. (2020). Alpaca and Llama Behaviour During Handling and Its Associations With Caretaker Attitudes and Human-Animal Contact. Appied Animal Behaviour Science, 226, 104989. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.applanim.2020.104989
Toplam 26 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Zootekni, Genetik ve Biyoistatistik
Bölüm Derlemeler
Yazarlar

Yavuzkan Paksoy 0000-0002-0935-7693

Duygu Arslan 0009-0000-9803-5452

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Aralık 2023
Gönderilme Tarihi 17 Ekim 2023
Kabul Tarihi 5 Aralık 2023
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2023 Cilt: 2 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Paksoy, Y., & Arslan, D. (2023). Lama yetiştiriciliğine ilişkin bilgiler ve öneriler. Antakya Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(2), 76-84.
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