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Investigation of The Genotoxic Effect of Acetamiprid in Mouse Bone Marrow Cells by CA (Chromosomal Aberration) and MN (Micronucleus) Test Methods

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 130 - 137, 27.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.17094/ataunivbd.699247

Öz

In this study, we aimed to determine acetamipridine’s (ACE) genotoxic effect in mus musculus var. albinos bone marrow cells by chromosomal aberration (CA) and micronucleus (MN) analysis. Mice were divided into four groups. Group 1 determined as negative control (NC), group 2, 3 and 4 were determined as 5 mg/kg ACE, 10 mg/kg ACE, and 15 mg/kg ACE groups respectively. ACE was given orally for 14 days. CA, mitotic index (MI) and MN frequencies were determined in femoral cells. As a result, no genotoxic effects were observed in groups treated with 5-10 mg/kg ACE compared to negative control. CA rates of 15 mg/kg ACE group was determined to be high (P<0.001). In addition, MI ratio in the 15 mg/kg ACE group was lower than the control group. When the ratios of the polychromatic erythrocyte with micronucleus were examined, no significant difference was found between the 5 mg/kg and 10 mg/kg ACE groups and control group. However, a statistically significant increase in MNPCE rates was observed in the 15 mg/kg ACE group compared to control ones (P<0.001). It was concluded that ACE at 15 mg/kg dose was genotoxic-cytotoxic.

Destekleyen Kurum

KAFKAS ÜNİVERSİTESİ BİLİMSEL ARAŞTIRMA PROJELERİ KOORDİNATÖRLÜĞÜ

Proje Numarası

2017-FM-30

Teşekkür

This study was supported by Scientific Research Projects Coordination Unit at Kafkas University within the scope of project number 2017-FM-30. This article is derived from the master’s thesis.

Kaynakça

  • 1. FAO, 1993. Report of the Joint Meeting of the FAO Panel of Experts on Pesticide Residues in Food and the Environment and a WHO Expert Group on Pesticide Residues. Geneva, FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper, 122.
  • 2. Akdoğan A., 2011. Bazı pestisitlerin kromatografik ayrılmaları ve tayinleri. Pamukkale Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü/ Kimya Anabilim Dalı, Türkiye.
  • 3. Zahm HS., Ward HM., 1998. Pesticides and childhood cancer. Occupational epidemiology branch, division of cancer etiology, national cancer institute, Rockville, Maryland. Environ Health Perspect, 106, 893-908.
  • 4. Kocaman AY., 2007. Acetamiprid ve alphacypermethrin pestisidlerinin tek başına ve karışım halinde kullanıldıkları zaman insan periferal lenfositlerindeki in vitro genotoksik etkileri. Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen bilimleri Enstitüsü/Biyoloji Anabilimdalı, Türkiye.
  • 5. Sheetsa LP., Lib AA., Minnemac DJ., Collierd RH., Creeke MR., Pefferc RC., 2016. A critical review of neonicotinoid insecticides for developmental neurotoxicity. Crit Rev Toxicol, 46, 153-190.
  • 6. Qintana MM., Rivero Osimani V., Magnarelli G., Rovedatti MG., Guinazu N., 2018. The insecticides chlorpyrifos and acetamiprid induce redox imbalance in umbilical cord blood erythrocytes in vitro. Pestic Biochem Physiol, 148, 87-92.
  • 7. Cepeda S., Forero Castro M., Cardenas-Nieto D., Martinez-Agüero M., Rondon-Lagos M., 2020. Chromosomal instability in farmers exposed to pesticides: high prevalence of clonal and nonclonal chromosomal alterations. Risk Manag Healthc Policy, 11, 97-110.
  • 8. Şenyıldız M., Kılınç A., Ozden S., 2018. Investigation of the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of widely used neonicotinoid insecticides in HepG2 and SH-SY5Y cells. Toxicol Ind Health, 34, 375-383.
  • 9. Sanchez-Bayo F., Tennekes HA., 2020. Timecumulative toxicity of neonicotinoids: experimental evidence and implications for enviromental risk assesmants. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17, 1629-1649.
  • 10. Casida J., Quistad GB., 2004. Why insecticides are more toxic to ınsect than people: the unique toxicology of insects. J Pestic Sci, 29, 81-86.
  • 11. De Lima E Silva C., De Rooij V., Verweij RA., Van Gestel CAM., 2020. Toxicity in neonicotinoids to folsima candida and eisenia and andrei. Environ Toxicol Chem, 39, 548-555.
  • 12. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (World Health Organization, WHO), 2009. The WHP recommended classification of pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification, World Health Organization Programme on Chemical Safety, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • 13. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 2003. Pesticides-fact sheet for clothianidin; pesticide tolerance, feredal register. Enviromentel Protection Agency (EPA), Pesticides–Fact Sheet for Thiacloprid, 68, 32390-32400.
  • 14. Çavaş T., Çinkılıç N., Vatan Ö., Yılmaz D., Çoşkun M., 2012. In vitro genotoxicity evaluation of acetamiprid in Caco-2 Cells using the micronucleus, comet and γh2ax foci assays. Pestic Biochem Physiol, 104, 212-217.
  • 15. Kocaman AY., Topaktaş M., 2007. Invitro evaluation of the genotoxicity of acetamiprid in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Environ Mol Mutagen, 48, 483-490.
  • 16. Göç Rastgele P., 2017. Assessment of the combined effects of acetamiprid and propineb in vivo. Igdir Univ. J Ins Sci Tech, 7, 79-86.
  • 17. Kocaman AY., Topaktas M., 2010. Genotoxic effects of a particular mixture of acetamiprid and alpha-cypermethrin on chromosome aberration, sister chromatid exchange, and micronucleus formation in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. EnvironToxicol, 25, 157-168.
  • 18. Bansal M., Chaudhry A., 2011. Evaluation of mutagenic potential of acetamiprid by dominant lethal test on Culex quinquefasciatus. J Appl Nat Sci, 3, 171-175.
  • 19. Bagri P., Kumar V., Sikka AK., 2016. Assessment of imidacloprid-induced mutagenic effects in somatic cells of Swiss albino male mice. Drug Chem Toxicol, 39, 412-417.
  • 20. Preston RJ., Dean BJ., Galloway S., Holden H., McFee AF., Shelby M., 1987. Mammalian in vivo cytogenetic assays anaylsis of chromosome aberrations in bone marrow cells. J Mutat Res, 189, 157-165.
  • 21. Darwish IAEM., Mosallam SAER., 2019. Chromosome aberrations in bone marrow cells of rats treated with MTBE. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci, 32, 89-93.
  • 22. Schmid W., 1975. The micronucleus test. J Mutat Res, 31, 9-15.
  • 23. Nallani GC., Liu Z., Chandrasekaran A., 2020. Toxicokinetic testing strategies to demonstrate bone marrow exposure in in vivo micronucleus study for genotoxicity assessment of agrochemicals. Reg Toxicol Pharmacol, 110, 1045-1052.
  • 24. Klauning JE., 1991. Alterations in intracellular communication during the stage of promotion. Exp Biol Med, 198, 688-692.
  • 25. Scassellati SG., Moretti M., Villarini M., Angeli G, Pasquini R., Monarca S., Scarselli R., Crea M.G., Leonardis C., 1994. An evalution of toxic and genotoxic risk from work related exposur to chemical compounds. Prevenzione Oggi, 6, 125- 138.
  • 26. Banerjee BD., Seth V., Bhattacharya A., Pahsa ST., Chakraborty AK., 1999. Effects of some pesticides on lipid peroxidation and free-radical scavengers. Toxicol Lett, 107, 33-47.
  • 27. Kayis T., Altun M., Coskun M., 2019. Thiamethoxam-mediated alteration in multibiomarkers of a model organism, Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 26, 36623-36633.
  • 28. Yao XH., MIN H., LV ZM., 2006. Response of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ATPase activity in bacteria exposed to acetamiprid. Biomed Environ Sci, 19, 309-314.
  • 29. Halliwel B., Gutteridge JMC., 1999. Free radicals in biology and medicine. 3rd ed., 968-974, Oxford University press, New York.
  • 30. Aruoma OI., 1998. Free radicals, oxidative stress and antioxidants in human health and disease. J Am Oil Chem Soc, 75, 199-212.
  • 31. Gokalp Muranli FD., Göç Rasgele P., Kekecoglu M., Kanev M., Ozdemir K., 2015. Potentıal genotoxıcıty of acetamiprid and propineb sıngly or ın combınatıon ın cultured human perıpheral blood lymphocytes by usıng mn assay. Fresen Environ Bull, 24, 3947-3955.
  • 32. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 2004. Acetamiprid; notice of filing a pesticide petition to establish a tolerance for a certain pesticide chemical in or on food. In Notice, 47145-47149.
  • 33. Kocaman AY., Topaktaş M., 2010. Genotoxic effects of a particular mixture of acetamiprid and a-cypermethrin on chromosome aberration, sister chromatid exchange, and micronucleus formation in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Environ Toxicol, 25, 157-168.
  • 34. Gokalp Muranli FD., Goc Rasgele P., Kekecoglu M., Kanev M., Ozdemir K., 2005. Potential genotoxicity of acetamiprid and propineb singly or in combınation in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes by using mn assay. Fresen Environ Bull, 24, 3947-3955.
  • 35. Çavaş T., Çinkılıç N., Vatan Ö., Yılmaz D., 2014. Effects of fullerenol nanoparticles on acetamiprid induced cytoxicity and genotoxicity in cultured human lung fibroblasts. Pestic Biochem Physiol, 114, 1-7.
  • 36. Bagri P., Jain SK., 2019. Assessment of acetamiprid-ınduced genotoxic effects in bone marrow cells of swiss albino male mice. Drug Chem Toxicol, 42, 357-363.
  • 37. Bansal M., Kaur G., Chaudhry A., 2012. Pestıcıdes effect on genetic components: a genotoxic study on Culex quınquefascıatus by applyıng domınant lethal test. Int. J. Adv. Biol. Biomed. Res, 2, 685-690.
  • 38. Rust MK., Saran RK., 2008. Toxicity repellency and effects of acetamiprid on western subterranean termite (ısoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Entomol, 101, 1360- 1366.

Asetamipridin Fare Kemik İliği Hücrelerinde Genotoksik etkisinin KA (Kromozomal Aberasyon) ve MN (Mikronükleus) Test Yöntemleri ile Araştırılması

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2, 130 - 137, 27.10.2020
https://doi.org/10.17094/ataunivbd.699247

Öz

Bu çalışma ile asetamipridin (ACE) mus musculus var. albino türü farelerin kemik iliği hücrelerinde kromozomal aberasyon (KA) ve mikronükleus (MN) analizi aracılığı ile genotoksik etkisinin belirlenmesini amaçladık. Fareler dört gruba ayrıldı. 1. grup negatif kontrol grubu olarak belirlendi. 2. grup 5 mg/kg ACE grubu, 3. grup 10 mg/kg ACE grubu ve 4. grup, 15 mg/kg ACE grubu olarak belirlendi ve ACE 14 gün boyunca oral olarak verildi. Femur hücrelerinde kromozomal aberasyon, mitotik indeks (MI) ve MN frekansları belirlendi. Sonuç olarak negatif kontrol grubuyla karşılaştırıldığında 5 mg/kg ve 10 mg/kg ACE uygulanan gruplarda genotoksik etki gözlenmedi. 15 mg/kg ACE uygulanan grupta kromozomal aberasyon oranının yüksek olduğu (P<0.001) belirlendi. Ayrıca 15 mg/kg ACE uygulanan grupta mitotik indeks oranın kontrol grubuna göre düşük olduğu saptandı. MN frekansları incelendiğinde, 5 mg/kg ve 10 mg/kg ACE uygulanan gruplar ile kontrol grubu arasında anlamlı bir fark bulunamadı. Ancak kontrol grubuna göre 15 mg/kg asetamiprid uygulanan grupta, Mikronükleuslu polikromatik eritrosit oranlarında istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir artış gözlendi (P<0.001). ACE 15 mg/kg dozlarının genotoksik-sitotoksik etkili olduğu sonucuna varıldı.

Proje Numarası

2017-FM-30

Kaynakça

  • 1. FAO, 1993. Report of the Joint Meeting of the FAO Panel of Experts on Pesticide Residues in Food and the Environment and a WHO Expert Group on Pesticide Residues. Geneva, FAO Plant Production and Protection Paper, 122.
  • 2. Akdoğan A., 2011. Bazı pestisitlerin kromatografik ayrılmaları ve tayinleri. Pamukkale Üniversitesi, Fen Bilimleri Enstitüsü/ Kimya Anabilim Dalı, Türkiye.
  • 3. Zahm HS., Ward HM., 1998. Pesticides and childhood cancer. Occupational epidemiology branch, division of cancer etiology, national cancer institute, Rockville, Maryland. Environ Health Perspect, 106, 893-908.
  • 4. Kocaman AY., 2007. Acetamiprid ve alphacypermethrin pestisidlerinin tek başına ve karışım halinde kullanıldıkları zaman insan periferal lenfositlerindeki in vitro genotoksik etkileri. Çukurova Üniversitesi, Fen bilimleri Enstitüsü/Biyoloji Anabilimdalı, Türkiye.
  • 5. Sheetsa LP., Lib AA., Minnemac DJ., Collierd RH., Creeke MR., Pefferc RC., 2016. A critical review of neonicotinoid insecticides for developmental neurotoxicity. Crit Rev Toxicol, 46, 153-190.
  • 6. Qintana MM., Rivero Osimani V., Magnarelli G., Rovedatti MG., Guinazu N., 2018. The insecticides chlorpyrifos and acetamiprid induce redox imbalance in umbilical cord blood erythrocytes in vitro. Pestic Biochem Physiol, 148, 87-92.
  • 7. Cepeda S., Forero Castro M., Cardenas-Nieto D., Martinez-Agüero M., Rondon-Lagos M., 2020. Chromosomal instability in farmers exposed to pesticides: high prevalence of clonal and nonclonal chromosomal alterations. Risk Manag Healthc Policy, 11, 97-110.
  • 8. Şenyıldız M., Kılınç A., Ozden S., 2018. Investigation of the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects of widely used neonicotinoid insecticides in HepG2 and SH-SY5Y cells. Toxicol Ind Health, 34, 375-383.
  • 9. Sanchez-Bayo F., Tennekes HA., 2020. Timecumulative toxicity of neonicotinoids: experimental evidence and implications for enviromental risk assesmants. Int J Environ Res Public Health, 17, 1629-1649.
  • 10. Casida J., Quistad GB., 2004. Why insecticides are more toxic to ınsect than people: the unique toxicology of insects. J Pestic Sci, 29, 81-86.
  • 11. De Lima E Silva C., De Rooij V., Verweij RA., Van Gestel CAM., 2020. Toxicity in neonicotinoids to folsima candida and eisenia and andrei. Environ Toxicol Chem, 39, 548-555.
  • 12. Dünya Sağlık Örgütü (World Health Organization, WHO), 2009. The WHP recommended classification of pesticides by Hazard and Guidelines to Classification, World Health Organization Programme on Chemical Safety, Geneva, Switzerland.
  • 13. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 2003. Pesticides-fact sheet for clothianidin; pesticide tolerance, feredal register. Enviromentel Protection Agency (EPA), Pesticides–Fact Sheet for Thiacloprid, 68, 32390-32400.
  • 14. Çavaş T., Çinkılıç N., Vatan Ö., Yılmaz D., Çoşkun M., 2012. In vitro genotoxicity evaluation of acetamiprid in Caco-2 Cells using the micronucleus, comet and γh2ax foci assays. Pestic Biochem Physiol, 104, 212-217.
  • 15. Kocaman AY., Topaktaş M., 2007. Invitro evaluation of the genotoxicity of acetamiprid in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Environ Mol Mutagen, 48, 483-490.
  • 16. Göç Rastgele P., 2017. Assessment of the combined effects of acetamiprid and propineb in vivo. Igdir Univ. J Ins Sci Tech, 7, 79-86.
  • 17. Kocaman AY., Topaktas M., 2010. Genotoxic effects of a particular mixture of acetamiprid and alpha-cypermethrin on chromosome aberration, sister chromatid exchange, and micronucleus formation in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. EnvironToxicol, 25, 157-168.
  • 18. Bansal M., Chaudhry A., 2011. Evaluation of mutagenic potential of acetamiprid by dominant lethal test on Culex quinquefasciatus. J Appl Nat Sci, 3, 171-175.
  • 19. Bagri P., Kumar V., Sikka AK., 2016. Assessment of imidacloprid-induced mutagenic effects in somatic cells of Swiss albino male mice. Drug Chem Toxicol, 39, 412-417.
  • 20. Preston RJ., Dean BJ., Galloway S., Holden H., McFee AF., Shelby M., 1987. Mammalian in vivo cytogenetic assays anaylsis of chromosome aberrations in bone marrow cells. J Mutat Res, 189, 157-165.
  • 21. Darwish IAEM., Mosallam SAER., 2019. Chromosome aberrations in bone marrow cells of rats treated with MTBE. Pak. J. Pharm. Sci, 32, 89-93.
  • 22. Schmid W., 1975. The micronucleus test. J Mutat Res, 31, 9-15.
  • 23. Nallani GC., Liu Z., Chandrasekaran A., 2020. Toxicokinetic testing strategies to demonstrate bone marrow exposure in in vivo micronucleus study for genotoxicity assessment of agrochemicals. Reg Toxicol Pharmacol, 110, 1045-1052.
  • 24. Klauning JE., 1991. Alterations in intracellular communication during the stage of promotion. Exp Biol Med, 198, 688-692.
  • 25. Scassellati SG., Moretti M., Villarini M., Angeli G, Pasquini R., Monarca S., Scarselli R., Crea M.G., Leonardis C., 1994. An evalution of toxic and genotoxic risk from work related exposur to chemical compounds. Prevenzione Oggi, 6, 125- 138.
  • 26. Banerjee BD., Seth V., Bhattacharya A., Pahsa ST., Chakraborty AK., 1999. Effects of some pesticides on lipid peroxidation and free-radical scavengers. Toxicol Lett, 107, 33-47.
  • 27. Kayis T., Altun M., Coskun M., 2019. Thiamethoxam-mediated alteration in multibiomarkers of a model organism, Galleria mellonella L. (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Environ Sci Pollut Res Int, 26, 36623-36633.
  • 28. Yao XH., MIN H., LV ZM., 2006. Response of superoxide dismutase, catalase, and ATPase activity in bacteria exposed to acetamiprid. Biomed Environ Sci, 19, 309-314.
  • 29. Halliwel B., Gutteridge JMC., 1999. Free radicals in biology and medicine. 3rd ed., 968-974, Oxford University press, New York.
  • 30. Aruoma OI., 1998. Free radicals, oxidative stress and antioxidants in human health and disease. J Am Oil Chem Soc, 75, 199-212.
  • 31. Gokalp Muranli FD., Göç Rasgele P., Kekecoglu M., Kanev M., Ozdemir K., 2015. Potentıal genotoxıcıty of acetamiprid and propineb sıngly or ın combınatıon ın cultured human perıpheral blood lymphocytes by usıng mn assay. Fresen Environ Bull, 24, 3947-3955.
  • 32. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), 2004. Acetamiprid; notice of filing a pesticide petition to establish a tolerance for a certain pesticide chemical in or on food. In Notice, 47145-47149.
  • 33. Kocaman AY., Topaktaş M., 2010. Genotoxic effects of a particular mixture of acetamiprid and a-cypermethrin on chromosome aberration, sister chromatid exchange, and micronucleus formation in human peripheral blood lymphocytes. Environ Toxicol, 25, 157-168.
  • 34. Gokalp Muranli FD., Goc Rasgele P., Kekecoglu M., Kanev M., Ozdemir K., 2005. Potential genotoxicity of acetamiprid and propineb singly or in combınation in cultured human peripheral blood lymphocytes by using mn assay. Fresen Environ Bull, 24, 3947-3955.
  • 35. Çavaş T., Çinkılıç N., Vatan Ö., Yılmaz D., 2014. Effects of fullerenol nanoparticles on acetamiprid induced cytoxicity and genotoxicity in cultured human lung fibroblasts. Pestic Biochem Physiol, 114, 1-7.
  • 36. Bagri P., Jain SK., 2019. Assessment of acetamiprid-ınduced genotoxic effects in bone marrow cells of swiss albino male mice. Drug Chem Toxicol, 42, 357-363.
  • 37. Bansal M., Kaur G., Chaudhry A., 2012. Pestıcıdes effect on genetic components: a genotoxic study on Culex quınquefascıatus by applyıng domınant lethal test. Int. J. Adv. Biol. Biomed. Res, 2, 685-690.
  • 38. Rust MK., Saran RK., 2008. Toxicity repellency and effects of acetamiprid on western subterranean termite (ısoptera: Rhinotermitidae). Entomol, 101, 1360- 1366.
Toplam 38 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil İngilizce
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Şafak Sandayuk 0000-0002-0247-6462

Pinar Aksu Kılıçle 0000-0002-3567-5775

Proje Numarası 2017-FM-30
Yayımlanma Tarihi 27 Ekim 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 15 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Sandayuk, Ş., & Aksu Kılıçle, P. (2020). Investigation of The Genotoxic Effect of Acetamiprid in Mouse Bone Marrow Cells by CA (Chromosomal Aberration) and MN (Micronucleus) Test Methods. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, 15(2), 130-137. https://doi.org/10.17094/ataunivbd.699247
AMA Sandayuk Ş, Aksu Kılıçle P. Investigation of The Genotoxic Effect of Acetamiprid in Mouse Bone Marrow Cells by CA (Chromosomal Aberration) and MN (Micronucleus) Test Methods. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi. Ekim 2020;15(2):130-137. doi:10.17094/ataunivbd.699247
Chicago Sandayuk, Şafak, ve Pinar Aksu Kılıçle. “Investigation of The Genotoxic Effect of Acetamiprid in Mouse Bone Marrow Cells by CA (Chromosomal Aberration) and MN (Micronucleus) Test Methods”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi 15, sy. 2 (Ekim 2020): 130-37. https://doi.org/10.17094/ataunivbd.699247.
EndNote Sandayuk Ş, Aksu Kılıçle P (01 Ekim 2020) Investigation of The Genotoxic Effect of Acetamiprid in Mouse Bone Marrow Cells by CA (Chromosomal Aberration) and MN (Micronucleus) Test Methods. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi 15 2 130–137.
IEEE Ş. Sandayuk ve P. Aksu Kılıçle, “Investigation of The Genotoxic Effect of Acetamiprid in Mouse Bone Marrow Cells by CA (Chromosomal Aberration) and MN (Micronucleus) Test Methods”, Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 15, sy. 2, ss. 130–137, 2020, doi: 10.17094/ataunivbd.699247.
ISNAD Sandayuk, Şafak - Aksu Kılıçle, Pinar. “Investigation of The Genotoxic Effect of Acetamiprid in Mouse Bone Marrow Cells by CA (Chromosomal Aberration) and MN (Micronucleus) Test Methods”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi 15/2 (Ekim 2020), 130-137. https://doi.org/10.17094/ataunivbd.699247.
JAMA Sandayuk Ş, Aksu Kılıçle P. Investigation of The Genotoxic Effect of Acetamiprid in Mouse Bone Marrow Cells by CA (Chromosomal Aberration) and MN (Micronucleus) Test Methods. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi. 2020;15:130–137.
MLA Sandayuk, Şafak ve Pinar Aksu Kılıçle. “Investigation of The Genotoxic Effect of Acetamiprid in Mouse Bone Marrow Cells by CA (Chromosomal Aberration) and MN (Micronucleus) Test Methods”. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 15, sy. 2, 2020, ss. 130-7, doi:10.17094/ataunivbd.699247.
Vancouver Sandayuk Ş, Aksu Kılıçle P. Investigation of The Genotoxic Effect of Acetamiprid in Mouse Bone Marrow Cells by CA (Chromosomal Aberration) and MN (Micronucleus) Test Methods. Atatürk Üniversitesi Veteriner Bilimleri Dergisi. 2020;15(2):130-7.