Araştırma Makalesi
Yıl 2023,
, 309 - 317, 23.06.2023
Öz
Kaynakça
- Atik Z, Ceylan N (2009): Yumurta kabuk kalitesine mineral maddelerin etkisi. Tavukçuluk Araş Derg, 6, 50-57.
- Bennett CD, Classen HL (2003): Performance of two strains of laying hens fed ground and whole barley with and without access to insoluble grit. Poult Sci, 82, 147-149.
- Carter TC (1975): The hen’s egg: Estimation of shell superficial area and egg volume, using measurements of fresh egg weight and shell length and breadth alone or in combination. Br Poult Sci, 16, 541-543.
- Ciftci I, Yenice E, Eleroglu H (2003): Use of triticale alone and in combination with wheat or maize: Effects of diet type and enzyme supplementation on hen performance, egg quality, organ weights, intestinal viscosity and digestive system characteristics. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 105, 149-161.
- Cho JH, Zhang ZF, Kim IH (2012): Effects of canthaxanthin on egg production, egg quality, and egg yolk color in laying hens. J Agric Sci, 5, 269-274.
- Choct M, Annison G (2007): Anti‐nutritive activity of wheat pentosans in broiler diets. Br Poult Sci, 31, 811-821.
- Engberg RM, Hedemann MS, Steenfeldt S, et al (2004): Influence of whole wheat and xylanase on broiler performance and microbial composition and activity in the digestive tract. Poult Sci, 83, 925-938.
- Faruk MU, Bouvarel I, Meme N, et al (2010): Sequential feeding using whole wheat and a separate protein-mineral concentrate improved feed efficiency in laying hens. Poult Sci, 89, 785-796.
- Forbes JM, Covasa M (1995): Application of diet selection by poultry with particular reference to whole cereals. World’s Poult Sci J, 51, 149-165.
- Forbes JM, Kyriazakis I (1995): Food preferences in farm animals: Why don't they always choose wisely? Proc Nutr Soc, 54, 429-440.
- Gabriel I, Mallet S, Leconte M, et al (2008): Effects of whole wheat feeding on the development of the digestive tract of broiler chickens. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 142, 144-162.
- Henuk YL, Dingle JG (2002): Practical and economic advantages of choice feeding systems for laying poultry. World’s Poult Sci J, 58, 199-208.
- Hetland H, Svihus B, Lervik S, et al (2003): Effect of feed structure on performance and welfare in laying hens housed in conventional and furnished cages. Acta Agric Scand - Sect A Anim Sci, 53, 92-100.
- Horsted K, Hermansen JE (2007): Whole wheat versus mixed layer diet as supplementary feed to layers foraging a sequence of different forage crops. Anim, 1, 575-585.
- Jordan D, Umar Faruk M, Lescoat P, et al (2010): The influence of sequential feeding on behaviour, feed intake and feather condition in laying hens. Appl Anim Behav Sci, 127, 160-184.
- Karunajeewa H (1978): The performance of cross-bred hens given free choice feeding of whole grains and a concentrate mixture and the influence of source of xantho-phylls on yolk colour. Br Poult Sci, 19, 699-708.
- Kerman SH, Classen HL (2001): Feeding whole wheat with or without a dietary enzyme or grit to laying hens. J Agric, 3, 193-198.
- Kiarie E, Romero LF, Ravindran V (2014): Growth performance, nutrient utilization, and digesta characteristics in broiler chickens fed corn or wheat diets without or with supplemental xylanase. Poult Sci, 93, 1186-1196.
- Konca Y, Beyzi SB (2012): Effect of free choice feeding based on emmer, triticale and wheat to japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) on performance, inner organs and intestinal viscosity. Sci Pap Ser D Anim Sci, 56, 113-119.
- Konca Y, Kirkpinar F, Mert S, et al (2012): Effects of mixed or separate feeding with whole barley or triticale on growth performance, gastrointestinal system, nutrient digestibility and blood constituents in turkeys. Rev Med Vet, 163, 522-529.
- Mirzaie S, Zaghari M, Aminzadeh S, et al (2012): Effects of wheat inclusion and xylanase supplementation of the diet on productive performance, nutrient retention, and endogenous intestinal enzyme activity of laying hens. Poult Sci, 91, 413-425.
- Moez NB, Goudarzi SM, Saki AA, et al (2020): Effect of ground or whole wheat and triticale on productive performance, egg quality, gastrointestinal tract traits and nutrient digestibility of laying japanese quails. Iran J Appl Anim Sci, 10, 355-363.
- National Research Council (1994): Nutrient Requirements of Poultry: Ninth Revised Edition, 1994, Energy.
- Ndolo VU, Beta T (2013): Distribution of carotenoids in endosperm, germ, and aleurone fractions of cereal grain kernels. Food Chem, 139, 663-671.
- Olver MD, Jonker A (1997): Effect of choice feeding on the performance of broilers. Br Poult Sci, 38, 571-576.
- Özek K, Konca Y, Calti AU, et al (2012): The effects of free choice feeding based on whole triticale on growth, meat quality, carcass characteristics and gastrointestinal traits in broilers. Revue Méd Vét, 163, 621-662.
- Robinson D (1985): Performance of laying hens as affected by spit time composition dietary regimens using ground and unground cereals. Br Poult Sci, 26, 299-309.
- Saikhlai K, Poeikhampha T, Bunchasak C, et al (2019): Effect of whole wheat levels in diet on production performance, egg quality and nutrient digestibility of laying hens. Indian J Anim Res, 53, 1480-1484.
- Sakomura NK, Da Silva R, Moreno SQ, et al (1997): Free-choice and semi free-choice feeding systems for laying hens. Rev Bras Zootec, 26, 343-349.
- Sarıözkan S, Sakarya E (2006): Afyon ili yumurta tavukçuluğu işletmelerinde kârlılık ve verimlilik analizleri. Lalahan Hay Araşt Enst Derg, 46, 29-44.
- Shafey TM, Dingle JG, McDonald MW (1992): Comparison between wheat, triticale, rye, soyabean oil and strain of laying bird on the production, and cholesterol and fatty acid contents of eggs. Br Poult Sci, 33, 339-346.
- Traineau M, Bouvarel I, Mulsant C, et al (2013): Effects on performance of ground wheat with or without insoluble fiber or whole wheat in sequential feeding for laying hens. Poult Sci, 92, 2475-2486.
- Umar Faruk, Bouvarel M, Mallet I, et al (2011): Is sequential feeding of whole wheat more efficient than ground wheat in laying hens? Anim, 5, 230-238.
- Zheng YW, Zhao LH, Wei YM, et al (2020): Effects of main cereal type and feed form on production performance, egg quality and egg sanitary indices of laying hens. Br Poult Sci, 61, 164-168.
The effects of different choice feeding methods on laying hen performance, egg quality, and profitability
Öz
This study was conducted to investigate the effects of using whole wheat in choice feeding on performance, egg quality, and income of laying hens. In the study, a total of 160-Hyline W-80 white commercial laying hens aged 28 weeks were divided into four treatment groups and fed for 84 days. The treatment groups were as follows: 1) Control (C, standard commercial laying hen feed), 2) C feed+choice feeding continuously with whole wheat in a separate cup (CW), 3) C feed+weekly intermittent choice feeding with whole wheat in a separate cup (WW), 4) C feed+choice feeding with continuous whole wheat+limestone together in a separate cup (WL). Choice feeding by using whole wheat methods (continuous, weekly intermittent, and with limestone) caused a significant decrease in the live weight change of laying hens (P<0.01), increased feed consumption, and feed conversion ratio compared to the control group (P<0.05). Total egg yield and egg weight were not affected by choice feeding with whole wheat methods (P>0.05). Choice feeding by using whole wheat caused a decrease in total eggshell weight, thickness, shell weight per unit area, and egg yolk color (P<0.01). However, it did not significantly affect the egg shell ratio, surface area, albumen height, and Haugh unit values of eggs (P>0.05). Also, total production costs, egg sales income, and net profit values were similar in all groups (P>0.05). In conclusion, the choice feeding by using whole wheat in laying hens did not affect the performance and economic parameters negatively; however, it caused reductions in some egg quality values.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Atik Z, Ceylan N (2009): Yumurta kabuk kalitesine mineral maddelerin etkisi. Tavukçuluk Araş Derg, 6, 50-57.
- Bennett CD, Classen HL (2003): Performance of two strains of laying hens fed ground and whole barley with and without access to insoluble grit. Poult Sci, 82, 147-149.
- Carter TC (1975): The hen’s egg: Estimation of shell superficial area and egg volume, using measurements of fresh egg weight and shell length and breadth alone or in combination. Br Poult Sci, 16, 541-543.
- Ciftci I, Yenice E, Eleroglu H (2003): Use of triticale alone and in combination with wheat or maize: Effects of diet type and enzyme supplementation on hen performance, egg quality, organ weights, intestinal viscosity and digestive system characteristics. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 105, 149-161.
- Cho JH, Zhang ZF, Kim IH (2012): Effects of canthaxanthin on egg production, egg quality, and egg yolk color in laying hens. J Agric Sci, 5, 269-274.
- Choct M, Annison G (2007): Anti‐nutritive activity of wheat pentosans in broiler diets. Br Poult Sci, 31, 811-821.
- Engberg RM, Hedemann MS, Steenfeldt S, et al (2004): Influence of whole wheat and xylanase on broiler performance and microbial composition and activity in the digestive tract. Poult Sci, 83, 925-938.
- Faruk MU, Bouvarel I, Meme N, et al (2010): Sequential feeding using whole wheat and a separate protein-mineral concentrate improved feed efficiency in laying hens. Poult Sci, 89, 785-796.
- Forbes JM, Covasa M (1995): Application of diet selection by poultry with particular reference to whole cereals. World’s Poult Sci J, 51, 149-165.
- Forbes JM, Kyriazakis I (1995): Food preferences in farm animals: Why don't they always choose wisely? Proc Nutr Soc, 54, 429-440.
- Gabriel I, Mallet S, Leconte M, et al (2008): Effects of whole wheat feeding on the development of the digestive tract of broiler chickens. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 142, 144-162.
- Henuk YL, Dingle JG (2002): Practical and economic advantages of choice feeding systems for laying poultry. World’s Poult Sci J, 58, 199-208.
- Hetland H, Svihus B, Lervik S, et al (2003): Effect of feed structure on performance and welfare in laying hens housed in conventional and furnished cages. Acta Agric Scand - Sect A Anim Sci, 53, 92-100.
- Horsted K, Hermansen JE (2007): Whole wheat versus mixed layer diet as supplementary feed to layers foraging a sequence of different forage crops. Anim, 1, 575-585.
- Jordan D, Umar Faruk M, Lescoat P, et al (2010): The influence of sequential feeding on behaviour, feed intake and feather condition in laying hens. Appl Anim Behav Sci, 127, 160-184.
- Karunajeewa H (1978): The performance of cross-bred hens given free choice feeding of whole grains and a concentrate mixture and the influence of source of xantho-phylls on yolk colour. Br Poult Sci, 19, 699-708.
- Kerman SH, Classen HL (2001): Feeding whole wheat with or without a dietary enzyme or grit to laying hens. J Agric, 3, 193-198.
- Kiarie E, Romero LF, Ravindran V (2014): Growth performance, nutrient utilization, and digesta characteristics in broiler chickens fed corn or wheat diets without or with supplemental xylanase. Poult Sci, 93, 1186-1196.
- Konca Y, Beyzi SB (2012): Effect of free choice feeding based on emmer, triticale and wheat to japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix Japonica) on performance, inner organs and intestinal viscosity. Sci Pap Ser D Anim Sci, 56, 113-119.
- Konca Y, Kirkpinar F, Mert S, et al (2012): Effects of mixed or separate feeding with whole barley or triticale on growth performance, gastrointestinal system, nutrient digestibility and blood constituents in turkeys. Rev Med Vet, 163, 522-529.
- Mirzaie S, Zaghari M, Aminzadeh S, et al (2012): Effects of wheat inclusion and xylanase supplementation of the diet on productive performance, nutrient retention, and endogenous intestinal enzyme activity of laying hens. Poult Sci, 91, 413-425.
- Moez NB, Goudarzi SM, Saki AA, et al (2020): Effect of ground or whole wheat and triticale on productive performance, egg quality, gastrointestinal tract traits and nutrient digestibility of laying japanese quails. Iran J Appl Anim Sci, 10, 355-363.
- National Research Council (1994): Nutrient Requirements of Poultry: Ninth Revised Edition, 1994, Energy.
- Ndolo VU, Beta T (2013): Distribution of carotenoids in endosperm, germ, and aleurone fractions of cereal grain kernels. Food Chem, 139, 663-671.
- Olver MD, Jonker A (1997): Effect of choice feeding on the performance of broilers. Br Poult Sci, 38, 571-576.
- Özek K, Konca Y, Calti AU, et al (2012): The effects of free choice feeding based on whole triticale on growth, meat quality, carcass characteristics and gastrointestinal traits in broilers. Revue Méd Vét, 163, 621-662.
- Robinson D (1985): Performance of laying hens as affected by spit time composition dietary regimens using ground and unground cereals. Br Poult Sci, 26, 299-309.
- Saikhlai K, Poeikhampha T, Bunchasak C, et al (2019): Effect of whole wheat levels in diet on production performance, egg quality and nutrient digestibility of laying hens. Indian J Anim Res, 53, 1480-1484.
- Sakomura NK, Da Silva R, Moreno SQ, et al (1997): Free-choice and semi free-choice feeding systems for laying hens. Rev Bras Zootec, 26, 343-349.
- Sarıözkan S, Sakarya E (2006): Afyon ili yumurta tavukçuluğu işletmelerinde kârlılık ve verimlilik analizleri. Lalahan Hay Araşt Enst Derg, 46, 29-44.
- Shafey TM, Dingle JG, McDonald MW (1992): Comparison between wheat, triticale, rye, soyabean oil and strain of laying bird on the production, and cholesterol and fatty acid contents of eggs. Br Poult Sci, 33, 339-346.
- Traineau M, Bouvarel I, Mulsant C, et al (2013): Effects on performance of ground wheat with or without insoluble fiber or whole wheat in sequential feeding for laying hens. Poult Sci, 92, 2475-2486.
- Umar Faruk, Bouvarel M, Mallet I, et al (2011): Is sequential feeding of whole wheat more efficient than ground wheat in laying hens? Anim, 5, 230-238.
- Zheng YW, Zhao LH, Wei YM, et al (2020): Effects of main cereal type and feed form on production performance, egg quality and egg sanitary indices of laying hens. Br Poult Sci, 61, 164-168.
Toplam 34 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Hayvan Sağlığı Ekonomisi ve İşletmeciliği, Veteriner Cerrahi, Zootekni, Genetik ve Biyoistatistik |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 23 Haziran 2023 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2023 |