Polycythemia, emperipolesis and extramedullary haematopoiesis caused by acute shock: the first record in the Northern white-breasted hedgehog Erinaceus roumanicus Barrett-Hamilton, 1900
Öz
An adult female hedgehog Erinaceus roumanicus, was found in a city traffic zone, exhibiting severe injuries consistent with a vehicular collision. Rapid diagnostics, including X-ray imaging, were performed at the veterinarian clinic to rescue the animal. Due to multiple traumatic injuries and poor prognosis, the animal was anesthetized for blood sampling and then euthanized. Polycythaemia, platelet aggregation, rare megakaryoblasts, neutrophilia, lymphocytosis, and a high red blood cell (RBC) and white blood cell (WBC) count were found in peripheral blood. Eosinophilia and the physiological phenomenon of emperipolesis were detected in the femur bone marrow, while the liver biopsy confirmed the extramedullary haematopoiesis (EMH). Acute hypovolemic shock results in rapid changes in hematological and biochemical parameters, endangering the patient's life. Treatment of hypovolemic shock and intensive care of small and exotic animals is further complicated by their small size, physiological diversity, lack of research and clinical data on their response to therapy. Given the increased vulnerability of the small mammal fauna as a result of expanding urbanization, this case study aims to facilitate the recognition of this life-threatening condition, the possible physiological response in hedgehogs and the adequate care of injured animals. Raising awareness of the fragmentation and decline of their populations in the habitats they share with humans can contribute to finding solutions to mitigate their road mortality, and improve their well-being and conservation.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Acute shock Emperipolesis Erinaceus roumanicus Extramedullary haematopoiesis Polycithaemia
Destekleyen Kurum
This work was supported by the Ministry of Education, Science and Youth of Sarajevo Canton (27-02-11-4375-2/21 to LLB).
Proje Numarası
27-02-11-4375-2/21
Teşekkür
We want to thank our students from the Faculty of Science who found the injured hedgehog and took it to the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine in the hope of saving its life: Amina Agić, Selina Aličehajić, Maja Vladičić, Tatjana Vojinović and Hamid Tahirović. We are grateful to our colleagues from the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine for the rapid diagnostics and the detailed description of the bone injuries based on which euthanasia was decided.
Kaynakça
- Alamo IG, Kannan KB, Loftus TJ, et al (2017): Severe trauma and chronic stress activates extramedullary erythropoiesis. J Trauma Acute Care Surg, 83, 144-150.
- Baldridge MT, King KY, Boles NC, et al (2010): Quiescent haematopoietic stem cells are activated by IFN-γ in response to chronic infection. Nature, 465, 793–797.
- Bible LE, Pasupuleti LV, Gore AV, et al (2015): Daily propranolol prevents prolonged mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells in a rat model of lung contusion, hemorrhagic shock, and chronic stress. Surgery, 158, 595–601.
- Bozzini CE, Barrio Rendo ME, Devoto FC, et al (1970): Studies on medullary and extramedullary erythropoiesis in the adult mouse. Am J Physiol, 219, 724–728.
- Cunin P, Bouslama R, Machlus KR, et al (2019): Megakaryocyte emperipolesis mediates membrane transfer from intracytoplasmic neutrophils to platelets. Elife, 8, e44031.
- Garcês A, Soeiro V, Lóio S, et al (2020): Outcomes, Mortality Causes, and Pathological Findings in European Hedgehogs (Erinaceus europeus, Linnaeus 1758): A Seventeen Year Retrospective Analysis in the North of Portugal. Animals, 10, 1305.
- Glazer JM, Rivers EP, Gunnerson KJ (2016): Shock BT - Surgical Intensive Care Medicine. 61-79. In: O’Donnell JM, Nácul FE (Eds), Springer International Publishing.
- Grebien F, Kerenyi MA, Kovacic B, et al (2008): Stat5 activation enables erythropoiesis in the absence of EpoR and Jak2. Blood, 111, 4511–4522.
- Gupta N, Jadhav K, Shah V (2017): Emperipolesis, entosis and cell cannibalism: Demystifying the cloud. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol, 21, 92-98.
- Johns J, Christopher M (2012): Extramedullary Hematopoiesis: A New Look at the Underlying Stem Cell Niche, Theories of Development, and Occurrence in Animals. Vet Pathol, 49, 508–523.
- Kim C (2010): Homeostatic and pathogenic extramedullary hematopoiesis. J Blood Med, 1, 13–19.
- Lee WB, Erm SK, Kim KY, et al (1999): Emperipolesis of erythroblasts within Kupffer cells during hepatic hemopoiesis in human fetus. Anat Rec, 256, 158–164.
- Lewis JH (1976): Comparative hematology—Studies on hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus). Comp Biochem Physiol Part A Physiol, 53, 237–240.
- Lewis J, Norcott M, Frost L, et al (2002): Normal haematological values of European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) from an English rehabilitation centre. Vet Rec, 15, 567–569.
- Lichtenberger M (2004): Principles of shock and fluid therapy in special species. Semin Avian Exot Pet Med, 13, 142–153.
- Livingston DH, Anjaria D, Wu J, et al (2003): Bone Marrow Failure Following Severe Injury in Humans. Ann Surg, 238, 748-753.
- Rastogi V, Sharma R, Misra S, et al (2014): Emperipolesis – A Review. J Clin Diagn Res, 8, ZM01–2.
- Suljević D, Filipić F, Islamagić E (2019): Emperipolesis: Sternal and femoral microenvironment induces megakaryiocyte emperipolesis in the Wistar strain. Mac Vet Rev, 42, 71–77.
- Mohammed OB, Amor NMS, Omer SA, et al (2021): Haematology and biochemistry panels in the Ethiopian hedgehog, Paraechinus aethiopicus (Ehrenberg, 1833) from central Saudi Arabia: Establishing reference intervals and assessing variability across sex and hibernation. J King Saud Univ – Sci, 33, 101228.
- Moore LJ, Petrovan SO, Baker PJ, et al (2020): Impacts and Potential Mitigation of Road Mortality for Hedgehogs in Europe. Animals, 10, 1523.
- Okada K, Kondo H, Sumi A, et al (2018): A retrospective study of disease incidence in African pygmy hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris). J Vet Med Sci, 80, 1504–1510.
- Okorie-Kanu CO, Onoja RI, Achegbulu EE, et al (2015): Normal haematological and serum biochemistry values of African hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris). Comp Clin Path, 24, 127–132.
- Ozparlak H, Celik I, Sur E, et al (2011): A study of peripheral blood in hedgehogs in Turkey. J Zoo Wildl Med, 42, 392–398.
- Pfäffle M, Petney T, Elgas M, et al (2009): Tick-induced blood loss leads to regenerative anaemia in the European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus). Parasitology, 136, 443–452.
- Raymond J, White M (1999): Necropsy and histopathologic findings in 14 African hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris): a retrospective study. J Zoo Wildl Med, 30, 273–277.
- Rossi G, Mangiagalli G, Paracchini G, et al (2014): Hematologic and biochemical variables of hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) after overwintering in rehabilitation centers. Vet Clin Pathol, 43, 6–14.
- Silva GF, Rêma A, Teixeira S, et al (2022): Pathological Findings in African Pygmy Hedgehogs Admitted into a Portuguese Rehabilitation Center. Animals, 12, 1361.
- Suljević D, Fočak M, Filipić F, et al (2018): Haematopoiesis in the European common toad Bufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758): new methodological insights to study general, seasonal, and sexual haematopoietic distribution and maturation pattern. Turkish J Zool, 42, 198–206.
- Quilliam TA, Clarke JA, Salsbury AJ (1971): The ecological significance of certain new haematological findings in the mole and hedgehog. Comp Biochem Physiol Part A Physiol, 40, 89–102.
- Vadonlesõ G, Berndt M, Lukács A, et al (2019): Urban hedgehogs (Erinaceus roumanicus) in Budapest: Live or let die. Hungarian Agric Res, 3, 20–26.
Öz
Proje Numarası
27-02-11-4375-2/21
Kaynakça
- Alamo IG, Kannan KB, Loftus TJ, et al (2017): Severe trauma and chronic stress activates extramedullary erythropoiesis. J Trauma Acute Care Surg, 83, 144-150.
- Baldridge MT, King KY, Boles NC, et al (2010): Quiescent haematopoietic stem cells are activated by IFN-γ in response to chronic infection. Nature, 465, 793–797.
- Bible LE, Pasupuleti LV, Gore AV, et al (2015): Daily propranolol prevents prolonged mobilization of hematopoietic progenitor cells in a rat model of lung contusion, hemorrhagic shock, and chronic stress. Surgery, 158, 595–601.
- Bozzini CE, Barrio Rendo ME, Devoto FC, et al (1970): Studies on medullary and extramedullary erythropoiesis in the adult mouse. Am J Physiol, 219, 724–728.
- Cunin P, Bouslama R, Machlus KR, et al (2019): Megakaryocyte emperipolesis mediates membrane transfer from intracytoplasmic neutrophils to platelets. Elife, 8, e44031.
- Garcês A, Soeiro V, Lóio S, et al (2020): Outcomes, Mortality Causes, and Pathological Findings in European Hedgehogs (Erinaceus europeus, Linnaeus 1758): A Seventeen Year Retrospective Analysis in the North of Portugal. Animals, 10, 1305.
- Glazer JM, Rivers EP, Gunnerson KJ (2016): Shock BT - Surgical Intensive Care Medicine. 61-79. In: O’Donnell JM, Nácul FE (Eds), Springer International Publishing.
- Grebien F, Kerenyi MA, Kovacic B, et al (2008): Stat5 activation enables erythropoiesis in the absence of EpoR and Jak2. Blood, 111, 4511–4522.
- Gupta N, Jadhav K, Shah V (2017): Emperipolesis, entosis and cell cannibalism: Demystifying the cloud. J Oral Maxillofac Pathol, 21, 92-98.
- Johns J, Christopher M (2012): Extramedullary Hematopoiesis: A New Look at the Underlying Stem Cell Niche, Theories of Development, and Occurrence in Animals. Vet Pathol, 49, 508–523.
- Kim C (2010): Homeostatic and pathogenic extramedullary hematopoiesis. J Blood Med, 1, 13–19.
- Lee WB, Erm SK, Kim KY, et al (1999): Emperipolesis of erythroblasts within Kupffer cells during hepatic hemopoiesis in human fetus. Anat Rec, 256, 158–164.
- Lewis JH (1976): Comparative hematology—Studies on hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus). Comp Biochem Physiol Part A Physiol, 53, 237–240.
- Lewis J, Norcott M, Frost L, et al (2002): Normal haematological values of European hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) from an English rehabilitation centre. Vet Rec, 15, 567–569.
- Lichtenberger M (2004): Principles of shock and fluid therapy in special species. Semin Avian Exot Pet Med, 13, 142–153.
- Livingston DH, Anjaria D, Wu J, et al (2003): Bone Marrow Failure Following Severe Injury in Humans. Ann Surg, 238, 748-753.
- Rastogi V, Sharma R, Misra S, et al (2014): Emperipolesis – A Review. J Clin Diagn Res, 8, ZM01–2.
- Suljević D, Filipić F, Islamagić E (2019): Emperipolesis: Sternal and femoral microenvironment induces megakaryiocyte emperipolesis in the Wistar strain. Mac Vet Rev, 42, 71–77.
- Mohammed OB, Amor NMS, Omer SA, et al (2021): Haematology and biochemistry panels in the Ethiopian hedgehog, Paraechinus aethiopicus (Ehrenberg, 1833) from central Saudi Arabia: Establishing reference intervals and assessing variability across sex and hibernation. J King Saud Univ – Sci, 33, 101228.
- Moore LJ, Petrovan SO, Baker PJ, et al (2020): Impacts and Potential Mitigation of Road Mortality for Hedgehogs in Europe. Animals, 10, 1523.
- Okada K, Kondo H, Sumi A, et al (2018): A retrospective study of disease incidence in African pygmy hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris). J Vet Med Sci, 80, 1504–1510.
- Okorie-Kanu CO, Onoja RI, Achegbulu EE, et al (2015): Normal haematological and serum biochemistry values of African hedgehog (Atelerix albiventris). Comp Clin Path, 24, 127–132.
- Ozparlak H, Celik I, Sur E, et al (2011): A study of peripheral blood in hedgehogs in Turkey. J Zoo Wildl Med, 42, 392–398.
- Pfäffle M, Petney T, Elgas M, et al (2009): Tick-induced blood loss leads to regenerative anaemia in the European hedgehog (Erinaceus europaeus). Parasitology, 136, 443–452.
- Raymond J, White M (1999): Necropsy and histopathologic findings in 14 African hedgehogs (Atelerix albiventris): a retrospective study. J Zoo Wildl Med, 30, 273–277.
- Rossi G, Mangiagalli G, Paracchini G, et al (2014): Hematologic and biochemical variables of hedgehogs (Erinaceus europaeus) after overwintering in rehabilitation centers. Vet Clin Pathol, 43, 6–14.
- Silva GF, Rêma A, Teixeira S, et al (2022): Pathological Findings in African Pygmy Hedgehogs Admitted into a Portuguese Rehabilitation Center. Animals, 12, 1361.
- Suljević D, Fočak M, Filipić F, et al (2018): Haematopoiesis in the European common toad Bufo bufo (Linnaeus, 1758): new methodological insights to study general, seasonal, and sexual haematopoietic distribution and maturation pattern. Turkish J Zool, 42, 198–206.
- Quilliam TA, Clarke JA, Salsbury AJ (1971): The ecological significance of certain new haematological findings in the mole and hedgehog. Comp Biochem Physiol Part A Physiol, 40, 89–102.
- Vadonlesõ G, Berndt M, Lukács A, et al (2019): Urban hedgehogs (Erinaceus roumanicus) in Budapest: Live or let die. Hungarian Agric Res, 3, 20–26.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Veteriner Cerrahi |
| Bölüm | Olgu Sunumu |
| Yazarlar | |
| Proje Numarası | 27-02-11-4375-2/21 |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 27 Ekim 2023 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 10 Temmuz 2024 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2024 |