Araştırma Makalesi
Yıl 2024,
, 445 - 452, 23.09.2024
Öz
This study attempted to assess the effects of micellized conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) as a feed additive for suckling calves on their growth performance and blood metabolic, oxidative, and immune parameters. Forty-eight Holstein calves were divided among four experimental groups (12 calves/treatment), including 1) calves with no CLA supplementation (CON), 2) calves supplemented with 1 gr CLA/d as micellized form by dissolving 5 mL/d of a CLA-contained emulsion in milk (CLA1), 3) calves supplemented with 2 gr CLA/d as micellized form by dissolving 10 mL/d of a CLA-contained emulsion in milk (CLA2), and 4) calves supplemented with 3 gr CLA/d as micellized form by dissolving 15 mL/d of a CLA-contained emulsion in milk (CLA3). Calves in the CON group received 10 mL of the emulsion medium with no CLA. Feeding micellized CLA via whole milk resulted in a linear increase in blood glucose concentration on day 40 (P=0.04) and total protein (P<0.01), albumin (P<0.01), and triglyceride (P=0.02) concentrations on day 20 of the experiment. The inclusion of micellized CLA resulted in a linear decrease (P<0.05) in blood malondialdehyde concentration at both periods but had no effect on blood total antioxidant status. On day 20, tumor necrosis factor-alpha level in the blood of suckling calves exhibited a quadratic effect with micellized CLA inclusion; however, interleukin-6 concentration was not affected. The use of 3 g per day of micellized CLA, via daily milk has the potential to reduce inflammation in young calves during the pre-weaning period.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Calf Conjugated linoleic acid Emulsion Immune response Healthy milk
Etik Beyan
Protocols applied for this experiment were approved by the Animal Ethics Committee of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili (Ardabil, Iran) (Approval Number: IR.UMA.REC.1402.019) and an cooperation contract was signed between University of Mohaghegh Ardabili and Moghan Agro-Industrial and Animal Husbandry company for the participation of the animals.
Teşekkür
Authors are grateful to the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili for their help.
Kaynakça
- AOAC (2000): Method 973.18. Official methods of analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, International, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
- Asghari M, Abdi-Benemar H, Maheri-Sis N, et al (2021): Effects of emulsified essential oils blend on performance, blood metabolites, oxidative status and intestinal microflora of suckling calves. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 277, 114954.
- Ávila G, Catozzi C, Pravettoni D, et al (2020): In vitro effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on inflammatory functions of bovine monocytes. J Dairy Sci, 103, 8554-8563.
- Cantwell H, Devery R, OShea M, et al (1999): The effect of conjugated linoleic acid on the antioxidant enzyme defense system in rat hepatocytes. Lipids, 34, 833-839.
- Cook ME (1996): Diet-induced immunosuppression. In: Davison TF, Morris TR, Payne LN, eds. Poultry immunology. Oxford: Carfax Publishing Company.
- Dänicke S, Kowalczyk J, Renner L, et al (2012): Effects of conjugated linoleic acids fed to dairy cows during early gestation on hematological, immunological, and metabolic characteristics of cows and their calves. J Dairy Sci, 95, 3938-3953.
- Den Hartigh LJ, Yeop Han C, Wang S, et al (2013): 10E, 12Z-conjugated linoleic acid impairs adipocyte triglyceride storage by enhancing fatty acid oxidation, lipolysis, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. J Lipid Res, 54, 2964-2978.
- Evans M, Geigerman C, Cook J, et al (2000): Conjugated linoleic acid suppresses triglyceride accumulation and induces apoptosis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Lipids, 35, 899–910.
- Fraj J, Petrović L, Đekić L, et al (2021): Encapsulation and release of vitamin C in double W/O/W emulsions followed by complex coacervation in gelatin-sodium caseinate system. J Food Eng, 292, 110353.
- Fujita Y, Kano K, Kishino S, et al (2021): Dietary cis-9, trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid reduces amyloid β-protein accumulation and up regulates anti-inflammatory cytokines in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Sci Rep, 11, 9749.
- Haubold S, Kröger-Koch C, Tuchscherer A, et al (2020): Effects of a combined essential fatty acid and conjugated linoleic acid abomasal infusion on metabolic and endocrine traits, including the somatotropic axis, in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 103, 12069-12082.
- Herculano ED, De Paula HCB, De Figueiredo EAT, et al (2015): Physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of nano encapsulated Eucalyptus staigeriana essential oil. LWT - Food Sci Technol, 61, 484–491.
- Littell RC, Henry PR, Ammerman CB (1998): Statistical analysis of repeated measures data using SAS procedures. J Anim Sci, 76, 1216–1231.
- McClements DJ, Decker EA, Weiss J (2007): Emulsion-based delivery systems for lipophilic bioactive components. J Food Sci, 72, 109–123.
- McGee DW, Bamberg T, Vitkus SJ, et al (1995): A synergistic relationship between TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and TGF-beta 1 on IL-6 secretion by the IEC-6 intestinal epithelial cell line. Immunology, 86, 6-11.
- Miller CC, Park Y, Pariza MW, et al (1994): Feeding conjugated linoleic acid to animals partially overcomes catabolic responses due to endotoxin injection. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 198, 1107–1112.
- Moloney F, Yeow TP, Mullen A, et al (2004): Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation, insulin sensitivity, and lipoprotein metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr, 80, 887-895.
- Moore K, Roberts LJ (1998): Measurement of lipid peroxidation. Free Radic Res, 2, 659-671.
- Nikbakht Nasrabadi M, Goli SA, Nasirpour A (2016): Stability assessment of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) oil-in-water beverage emulsion formulated with acacia and xanthan gums. Food Chem, 99, 258-264.
- Overton TR, Waldron MR (2004): Nutritional management of transition dairy cows: strategies to optimize metabolic health. J Dairy Sci, 87, E105–E119.
- Risérus U, Smedman A, Basu S, et al (2004): Metabolic effects of conjugated linoleic acid in humans: the Swedish experience. Am J Clin Nutr, 79, 1146S-1148S.
- Roohinejad SH, Greiner R, Oey I, et al (2018): Emulsion Based Systems for Delivery of Food Active Compounds: Formation, Application, Health and Safety. UK: John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 312p.
- Salas-Salvadó J, Márquez-Sandoval F, Bulló M (2006): Conjugated linoleic acid intake in humans: a systematic review focusing on its effect on body composition, glucose, and lipid metabolism. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 46, 479-488.
- Schäfers S, von Soosten D, Meyer U, et al (2018): Influence of conjugated linoleic acids and vitamin E on biochemical, hematological, and immunological variables of dairy cows during the transition period. J Dairy Sci, 101, 1585-1600.
- Seifzadeh S, Seifdavati J, Abdi-Benemar H, et al (2022): Dietary vitamin C in pre-parturient dairy cows and their calves: blood metabolites, copper, zinc, iron, and vitamin C concentrations, and calves growth performance. Trop Anim Health Prod, 54, 54.
- Selberg KT, Lowe AC, Staples CR, et al (2004): Production and metabolic responses of periparturient Holstein cows to dietary conjugated linoleic acid and trans-octadecenoic acids. J Dairy Sci, 87, 158-168.
- Song HJ, Grant I, Rotondo D, et al (2005): Effect of CLA supplementation on immune function in young healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Nutr, 59, 508–517.
- Tsuboyama-Kasaoka N, Takahashi M, Tanemura K, et al (2000): Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation reduces adipose tissue by apoptosis and develops lipodystrophy in mice. Diabetes, 49, 1534-1542.
- Uken KL, Vogel L, Gnott M, et al (2021): Effect of maternal supplementation with essential fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid on metabolic and endocrine development in neonatal calves. J Dairy Sci, 104, 7295-7314.
- Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA (1991): Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci, 74, 3583-3597.
- Wang B, Wang L, Li D, et al (2011): Effect of gum Arabic on stability of oil-in-water emulsion stabilized by flaxseed and soybean protein. Carbohydr Polym, 86, 343-351.
- Whigham LD, Cook ME, Atkinson RL (2000): Conjugated linoleic acid: implications for human health. Pharmacol Res, 42, 503-510.
- Whigham LD, O'shea M, Mohede IC, et al (2004): Safety profile of conjugated linoleic acid in a 12-month trial in obese humans. Food Chem Toxicol, 42, 1701-1709.
- Wiking L, Stagsted J, Björck L, et al (2004): Milk fat globule size is affected by fat production in dairy cows. Int Dairy J, 14, 909-913.
- Yao X, Xu Q, Tian D, et al (2013): Physical and chemical stability of gum arabic-stabilized conjugated linoleic acid oil-in-water emulsions. J Agric Food Chem, 61, 4639-4645.
- Zelová H, Hošek J (2013): TNF-α signaling and inflammation: interactions between old acquaintances. Inflamm Res, 62, 641-651.
Yıl 2024,
, 445 - 452, 23.09.2024
Öz
Kaynakça
- AOAC (2000): Method 973.18. Official methods of analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, International, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
- Asghari M, Abdi-Benemar H, Maheri-Sis N, et al (2021): Effects of emulsified essential oils blend on performance, blood metabolites, oxidative status and intestinal microflora of suckling calves. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 277, 114954.
- Ávila G, Catozzi C, Pravettoni D, et al (2020): In vitro effects of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) on inflammatory functions of bovine monocytes. J Dairy Sci, 103, 8554-8563.
- Cantwell H, Devery R, OShea M, et al (1999): The effect of conjugated linoleic acid on the antioxidant enzyme defense system in rat hepatocytes. Lipids, 34, 833-839.
- Cook ME (1996): Diet-induced immunosuppression. In: Davison TF, Morris TR, Payne LN, eds. Poultry immunology. Oxford: Carfax Publishing Company.
- Dänicke S, Kowalczyk J, Renner L, et al (2012): Effects of conjugated linoleic acids fed to dairy cows during early gestation on hematological, immunological, and metabolic characteristics of cows and their calves. J Dairy Sci, 95, 3938-3953.
- Den Hartigh LJ, Yeop Han C, Wang S, et al (2013): 10E, 12Z-conjugated linoleic acid impairs adipocyte triglyceride storage by enhancing fatty acid oxidation, lipolysis, and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species. J Lipid Res, 54, 2964-2978.
- Evans M, Geigerman C, Cook J, et al (2000): Conjugated linoleic acid suppresses triglyceride accumulation and induces apoptosis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Lipids, 35, 899–910.
- Fraj J, Petrović L, Đekić L, et al (2021): Encapsulation and release of vitamin C in double W/O/W emulsions followed by complex coacervation in gelatin-sodium caseinate system. J Food Eng, 292, 110353.
- Fujita Y, Kano K, Kishino S, et al (2021): Dietary cis-9, trans-11-conjugated linoleic acid reduces amyloid β-protein accumulation and up regulates anti-inflammatory cytokines in an Alzheimer's disease mouse model. Sci Rep, 11, 9749.
- Haubold S, Kröger-Koch C, Tuchscherer A, et al (2020): Effects of a combined essential fatty acid and conjugated linoleic acid abomasal infusion on metabolic and endocrine traits, including the somatotropic axis, in dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 103, 12069-12082.
- Herculano ED, De Paula HCB, De Figueiredo EAT, et al (2015): Physicochemical and antimicrobial properties of nano encapsulated Eucalyptus staigeriana essential oil. LWT - Food Sci Technol, 61, 484–491.
- Littell RC, Henry PR, Ammerman CB (1998): Statistical analysis of repeated measures data using SAS procedures. J Anim Sci, 76, 1216–1231.
- McClements DJ, Decker EA, Weiss J (2007): Emulsion-based delivery systems for lipophilic bioactive components. J Food Sci, 72, 109–123.
- McGee DW, Bamberg T, Vitkus SJ, et al (1995): A synergistic relationship between TNF-alpha, IL-1 beta, and TGF-beta 1 on IL-6 secretion by the IEC-6 intestinal epithelial cell line. Immunology, 86, 6-11.
- Miller CC, Park Y, Pariza MW, et al (1994): Feeding conjugated linoleic acid to animals partially overcomes catabolic responses due to endotoxin injection. Biochem Biophys Res Commun, 198, 1107–1112.
- Moloney F, Yeow TP, Mullen A, et al (2004): Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation, insulin sensitivity, and lipoprotein metabolism in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am J Clin Nutr, 80, 887-895.
- Moore K, Roberts LJ (1998): Measurement of lipid peroxidation. Free Radic Res, 2, 659-671.
- Nikbakht Nasrabadi M, Goli SA, Nasirpour A (2016): Stability assessment of conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) oil-in-water beverage emulsion formulated with acacia and xanthan gums. Food Chem, 99, 258-264.
- Overton TR, Waldron MR (2004): Nutritional management of transition dairy cows: strategies to optimize metabolic health. J Dairy Sci, 87, E105–E119.
- Risérus U, Smedman A, Basu S, et al (2004): Metabolic effects of conjugated linoleic acid in humans: the Swedish experience. Am J Clin Nutr, 79, 1146S-1148S.
- Roohinejad SH, Greiner R, Oey I, et al (2018): Emulsion Based Systems for Delivery of Food Active Compounds: Formation, Application, Health and Safety. UK: John Wiley and Sons Ltd, 312p.
- Salas-Salvadó J, Márquez-Sandoval F, Bulló M (2006): Conjugated linoleic acid intake in humans: a systematic review focusing on its effect on body composition, glucose, and lipid metabolism. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr, 46, 479-488.
- Schäfers S, von Soosten D, Meyer U, et al (2018): Influence of conjugated linoleic acids and vitamin E on biochemical, hematological, and immunological variables of dairy cows during the transition period. J Dairy Sci, 101, 1585-1600.
- Seifzadeh S, Seifdavati J, Abdi-Benemar H, et al (2022): Dietary vitamin C in pre-parturient dairy cows and their calves: blood metabolites, copper, zinc, iron, and vitamin C concentrations, and calves growth performance. Trop Anim Health Prod, 54, 54.
- Selberg KT, Lowe AC, Staples CR, et al (2004): Production and metabolic responses of periparturient Holstein cows to dietary conjugated linoleic acid and trans-octadecenoic acids. J Dairy Sci, 87, 158-168.
- Song HJ, Grant I, Rotondo D, et al (2005): Effect of CLA supplementation on immune function in young healthy volunteers. Eur J Clin Nutr, 59, 508–517.
- Tsuboyama-Kasaoka N, Takahashi M, Tanemura K, et al (2000): Conjugated linoleic acid supplementation reduces adipose tissue by apoptosis and develops lipodystrophy in mice. Diabetes, 49, 1534-1542.
- Uken KL, Vogel L, Gnott M, et al (2021): Effect of maternal supplementation with essential fatty acids and conjugated linoleic acid on metabolic and endocrine development in neonatal calves. J Dairy Sci, 104, 7295-7314.
- Van Soest PJ, Robertson JB, Lewis BA (1991): Methods for dietary fiber, neutral detergent fiber and non-starch polysaccharides in relation to animal nutrition. J Dairy Sci, 74, 3583-3597.
- Wang B, Wang L, Li D, et al (2011): Effect of gum Arabic on stability of oil-in-water emulsion stabilized by flaxseed and soybean protein. Carbohydr Polym, 86, 343-351.
- Whigham LD, Cook ME, Atkinson RL (2000): Conjugated linoleic acid: implications for human health. Pharmacol Res, 42, 503-510.
- Whigham LD, O'shea M, Mohede IC, et al (2004): Safety profile of conjugated linoleic acid in a 12-month trial in obese humans. Food Chem Toxicol, 42, 1701-1709.
- Wiking L, Stagsted J, Björck L, et al (2004): Milk fat globule size is affected by fat production in dairy cows. Int Dairy J, 14, 909-913.
- Yao X, Xu Q, Tian D, et al (2013): Physical and chemical stability of gum arabic-stabilized conjugated linoleic acid oil-in-water emulsions. J Agric Food Chem, 61, 4639-4645.
- Zelová H, Hošek J (2013): TNF-α signaling and inflammation: interactions between old acquaintances. Inflamm Res, 62, 641-651.
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Zootekni, Genetik ve Biyoistatistik |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Erken Görünüm Tarihi | 19 Mart 2024 |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 23 Eylül 2024 |
| Gönderilme Tarihi | 2 Kasım 2023 |
| Kabul Tarihi | 30 Ocak 2024 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2024 |