Öz
Sympathetic ganglions located in the cervical region are important
organs that make the final synapse of the sympathetic nerve fibers reached to
the head, neck, and forelimbs. No anatomical data about cervical sympathetic
ganglia was found in Saanen goat. Therefore, we
determined the nerve branches separated from the ganglia and the location of
the ganglia, and also, the expression of enzyme and protein such as tyrosine
hydroxylase (TH), dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH), neuropeptide Y (NPY) and
substance P (SP) in ganglia. GCC was in
the medial place of bulla tympanica. Mainly branches named as nn. carotici
interni, n. jugularis, n. caroticus externus was found to be separated from
this ganglion and thin branches joined to the nearby nerve. GCI were not found in all dissections and
histological examinations. It was found that vertebral nerve, the two branches
that constitute the subclavian ansa, and the thin nerve branches involved in
the surrounding tissues and organs were separeted from GCT that located in the
first intercostal space. A total of 5 GCM were found at the junction of the two
branches forming the ansa subclavia. DßH, TH, NPY and SP were revealed to be
express in all ganglia. DßH and NPY in GCC, TH in
GCM, DβH, NPY and TH in GCT were found to be more intense staining
Anahtar Kelimeler
Anatomy immunohistochemistry Saanen goat sympathetic ganglia
Kaynakça
- 1. Akers RM, Denbow DM (2013): Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic Animals. Markono Print Media Pte Ltd, Singapore.
- 2. Arciszewskia MB, Wasowicz K (2006): Neurochemical properties of the middle cervical ganglion in the sheep. Ann Anat, 188, 75-83.
- 3. Baffi J, Görcs T, Slowik F, et al. (1992): Neuropeptides in the human superior cervical ganglion. Brain Res, 570, 272-278.
- 4. Bergner AJ, Murphy SM, Anderson CR (2000): After axotomy, substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide expression occurs in pilomotor neurons in the rat superior cervical ganglion. Neuroscience, 96, 611-618.
- 5. Criscione L, Wyss P, Stricker-Krongrad A, et al. (1998): The pharmacology of neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptor-mediated feeding in rats characterizes better Y5 than Y1, but not Y2 or Y4 subtypes. Regul Pept, 75- 76, 363-371.
- 6. Cui-Sheng, Wang JL, Xie ZM (1998): The gross anatomy of the cranial cervical ganglion and its branches in the Bacterian camel (Camelus bactrianus). Vet Res Commun, 22, 1-5.
- 7. Çakır A (2001): The morphology of cranial cervical ganglion in the New Zealand Rabbit. Vet J Ankara Univ, 48, 83-87.
- 8. Darvesh S, Nance DM, Hopkins DA (1987): Distribution of neuropeptide-like immunoreactivity in intact and chronically decentralized middle cervical and stellate ganglia of dogs. J Auton Nerv Syst, 21, 167-180.
- 9. Getty R (1975): Sisson and Grossman’s The Anatomy of The Domestic Animals. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
- 10. Happola O, Lakomy M, Majewski M et al. (1993): Distribution of neuropeptides in the porcine stellate ganglion. Cell Tissue Res, 274, 181-187.
- 11. Kabak M, Orhan İÖ, Hazıroğlu RM (2005): Macro anatomical investigations of the cranial cervical ganglion in domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus). Anat Histol Embryol, 34, 199-202.
- 12. Kabak M, Onuk B (2010): Macro anatomical investigations of the cranial cervical ganglion in Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus). Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 57, 1-6.
- 13. Kabak M, Onuk B, Demirci B (2015): Macroanatomical investigation of the cervicothoracic ganglion in Roe Deer, Capreolus capreolus. Pakistan J Zool, 47(6), 1555-1561.
- 14. Kalsey G, Mukherjee RN, Patnaik VVG (2000): A comparative study of cervical sympathetic chain. J Anat Soc India, 49, 26-30.
- 15. Kara CO, Topuz B (2002): Horner’s syndrome after excision of cervical sympathetic chain schwannoma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 127, 127-128.
- 16. Karasek M, Zielinska A, Marek K, et al. (2002): Effect of superior cervical ganglionectomy on the ultrastructure of pinealocytes in the Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus): quantitative study. Neuro Endocrinol Lett, 23, 443-446.
- 17. Karhula T (1995): Comparison of immunohistochemical localization of [Met5] enkephalin–Arg6–Gly7–Leu8, [Met5] enkephalin, neuropeptide Y and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the superior cervical ganglion of the rat. J Auton Nerv Syst, 51, 9-18.
- 18. Kennedy JM, Zochodne DW (2002): Influence of experimental diabetes on the microcirculation of injured peripheral nerve: functional and morphological aspects. Diabetes, 51(7), 2233-2240.
- 19. Kim JJ, Chung RK, Lee HS, et al. (2010): The changes of heart rate variability after unilateral stellate ganglion block. Korean J Anesthesiol, 58(1), 56-60.
- 20. Kummer W, Heym C (1988): Neuropeptide distribution in the cervico-thoracic paravertebral ganglia of the cat with particular reference to calcitonin generelated peptide immunoreactivity. Cell Tissue Res, 252, 463-471.
- 21. Luna LG (1968): Manual of Histologic Staining Methods of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. McGraw-Hill book Company, New York.
- 22. Maeda KI, Mori Y, Kano Y (1986): Superior cervical ganglionectomy prevents gonadal regression and increased plasma prolactin concentrations induced by long days in goats. J Endocrinol, 110(1), 137-144.
- 23. McManis PG, Schmelzer JD, Zollman PJ, et al. (1997): Blood flow and autoregulation in somatic and autonomic ganglia. Comparison with sciatic nerve. Brain, 120(3), 445-449.
- 24. Miller ME, Chistensen GC, Evans HE (1965): Autonomic nervous system. 634-635. In: Anatomy of the Dog. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
- 25. Monteiro ML, Coppeto JR (1988): Horner's syndrome associated with carotid artery atherosclerosis. Am J Ophthalmol, 15, 93-104.
- 26. Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria (2012): International Committee on Veterinary Gross Anatomical Nomenclature (ICVGAN), Published by the Editorial Committee, Hannover, Germany.
- 27. Özgel O, Kurtul I, Dursun N (2004): On the gross anatomy of the cranial cervical ganglion of the donkey (Equus asinus) in Turkey. Vet Res Commun, 28, 261-266.
- 28. Özgel O, A Düzler, Dursun N et al. (2009): The Morphology of the Cervico thoracic sympathetic system in donkeys (Equus asinus L.). Anat Histol Embryol, 38, 139-144.
- 29. Pather N, Partab P, Singh B et al. (2006): Cervicothoracic ganglion: its clinical implications. Clin Anat, 19, 323-326.
- 30. Shao BP, Ding YP, Xie ZH, et al. (2007): The cranial cervical ganglion and its branches in yak (Bos grunniens). Vet J, 173, 174-177.
- 31. Zubrzycka M, Janecka A (2000): Substance P: transmitter of nociception (Minireview).Endocr Regul, 34(4), 195-201.
Öz
Cervical bölgede yer alan sempatik ganglion’lar baş, boyun ve ön ektremite’lere giden sempatik sinir liflerinin son sinaps yaptığı önemli organlardır. Saanen keçisinde servikal sempatik ganglion’lara ait anatomik bilgiye rastlanılmadı. Bu nedenle, bu çalışma ile bahsi geçen ganglion’ların yeri, ganglion’dan ayrılan sinir kolları ve ganglion’lardaki dopamin β-hidroksilaz (DβH), tirozin hidroksilaz (TH), Neuropeptid Y (NYP) ve Substans P (SP) gibi bazı enzim ve protein expresyonu belirlendi. Bulla tympanica’nın medial’inde yer alan ganglion cervicale craniale (GCC)’den başlıca nn. carotici interni, n. jugularis, n. caroticus externus ve çevre sinirlere katılan ince kollar ayrıldığı görüldü. Birinci interkostal aralıkta yer alan ganglion cervicothoracicum (GCT)’dan başlıca n. vertebralis, ansa subclavia’yı oluşturan iki kol ve çevre doku ve organlara katılan ince sinir kollarının ayrıldığı belirlendi. Ansa subclavia’yı oluşturan iki kolun birleşim yerinde toplam 5 adet ganglion cervicale medium (GCM)’a rastlandı. Yapılan tüm diseksiyon ve histolojik incelemelerde truncus symphaticus’un cervical bölümünde başka bir gangliona rastlanmadı. DβH, TH, NPY ve SP’nin tüm ganglion’larda exprese olduğu, GCC’de DβH ve NPY’nin, GCM’da TH’ın, GCT’da DβH, NPY ve TH’ın daha yoğun boyanma gösterdiği belirlendi.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- 1. Akers RM, Denbow DM (2013): Anatomy and Physiology of Domestic Animals. Markono Print Media Pte Ltd, Singapore.
- 2. Arciszewskia MB, Wasowicz K (2006): Neurochemical properties of the middle cervical ganglion in the sheep. Ann Anat, 188, 75-83.
- 3. Baffi J, Görcs T, Slowik F, et al. (1992): Neuropeptides in the human superior cervical ganglion. Brain Res, 570, 272-278.
- 4. Bergner AJ, Murphy SM, Anderson CR (2000): After axotomy, substance P and vasoactive intestinal peptide expression occurs in pilomotor neurons in the rat superior cervical ganglion. Neuroscience, 96, 611-618.
- 5. Criscione L, Wyss P, Stricker-Krongrad A, et al. (1998): The pharmacology of neuropeptide Y (NPY) receptor-mediated feeding in rats characterizes better Y5 than Y1, but not Y2 or Y4 subtypes. Regul Pept, 75- 76, 363-371.
- 6. Cui-Sheng, Wang JL, Xie ZM (1998): The gross anatomy of the cranial cervical ganglion and its branches in the Bacterian camel (Camelus bactrianus). Vet Res Commun, 22, 1-5.
- 7. Çakır A (2001): The morphology of cranial cervical ganglion in the New Zealand Rabbit. Vet J Ankara Univ, 48, 83-87.
- 8. Darvesh S, Nance DM, Hopkins DA (1987): Distribution of neuropeptide-like immunoreactivity in intact and chronically decentralized middle cervical and stellate ganglia of dogs. J Auton Nerv Syst, 21, 167-180.
- 9. Getty R (1975): Sisson and Grossman’s The Anatomy of The Domestic Animals. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
- 10. Happola O, Lakomy M, Majewski M et al. (1993): Distribution of neuropeptides in the porcine stellate ganglion. Cell Tissue Res, 274, 181-187.
- 11. Kabak M, Orhan İÖ, Hazıroğlu RM (2005): Macro anatomical investigations of the cranial cervical ganglion in domestic pig (Sus scrofa domesticus). Anat Histol Embryol, 34, 199-202.
- 12. Kabak M, Onuk B (2010): Macro anatomical investigations of the cranial cervical ganglion in Roe Deer (Capreolus capreolus). Ankara Üniv Vet Fak Derg, 57, 1-6.
- 13. Kabak M, Onuk B, Demirci B (2015): Macroanatomical investigation of the cervicothoracic ganglion in Roe Deer, Capreolus capreolus. Pakistan J Zool, 47(6), 1555-1561.
- 14. Kalsey G, Mukherjee RN, Patnaik VVG (2000): A comparative study of cervical sympathetic chain. J Anat Soc India, 49, 26-30.
- 15. Kara CO, Topuz B (2002): Horner’s syndrome after excision of cervical sympathetic chain schwannoma. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 127, 127-128.
- 16. Karasek M, Zielinska A, Marek K, et al. (2002): Effect of superior cervical ganglionectomy on the ultrastructure of pinealocytes in the Djungarian hamster (Phodopus sungorus): quantitative study. Neuro Endocrinol Lett, 23, 443-446.
- 17. Karhula T (1995): Comparison of immunohistochemical localization of [Met5] enkephalin–Arg6–Gly7–Leu8, [Met5] enkephalin, neuropeptide Y and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide in the superior cervical ganglion of the rat. J Auton Nerv Syst, 51, 9-18.
- 18. Kennedy JM, Zochodne DW (2002): Influence of experimental diabetes on the microcirculation of injured peripheral nerve: functional and morphological aspects. Diabetes, 51(7), 2233-2240.
- 19. Kim JJ, Chung RK, Lee HS, et al. (2010): The changes of heart rate variability after unilateral stellate ganglion block. Korean J Anesthesiol, 58(1), 56-60.
- 20. Kummer W, Heym C (1988): Neuropeptide distribution in the cervico-thoracic paravertebral ganglia of the cat with particular reference to calcitonin generelated peptide immunoreactivity. Cell Tissue Res, 252, 463-471.
- 21. Luna LG (1968): Manual of Histologic Staining Methods of the Armed Forces Institute of Pathology. McGraw-Hill book Company, New York.
- 22. Maeda KI, Mori Y, Kano Y (1986): Superior cervical ganglionectomy prevents gonadal regression and increased plasma prolactin concentrations induced by long days in goats. J Endocrinol, 110(1), 137-144.
- 23. McManis PG, Schmelzer JD, Zollman PJ, et al. (1997): Blood flow and autoregulation in somatic and autonomic ganglia. Comparison with sciatic nerve. Brain, 120(3), 445-449.
- 24. Miller ME, Chistensen GC, Evans HE (1965): Autonomic nervous system. 634-635. In: Anatomy of the Dog. W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia.
- 25. Monteiro ML, Coppeto JR (1988): Horner's syndrome associated with carotid artery atherosclerosis. Am J Ophthalmol, 15, 93-104.
- 26. Nomina Anatomica Veterinaria (2012): International Committee on Veterinary Gross Anatomical Nomenclature (ICVGAN), Published by the Editorial Committee, Hannover, Germany.
- 27. Özgel O, Kurtul I, Dursun N (2004): On the gross anatomy of the cranial cervical ganglion of the donkey (Equus asinus) in Turkey. Vet Res Commun, 28, 261-266.
- 28. Özgel O, A Düzler, Dursun N et al. (2009): The Morphology of the Cervico thoracic sympathetic system in donkeys (Equus asinus L.). Anat Histol Embryol, 38, 139-144.
- 29. Pather N, Partab P, Singh B et al. (2006): Cervicothoracic ganglion: its clinical implications. Clin Anat, 19, 323-326.
- 30. Shao BP, Ding YP, Xie ZH, et al. (2007): The cranial cervical ganglion and its branches in yak (Bos grunniens). Vet J, 173, 174-177.
- 31. Zubrzycka M, Janecka A (2000): Substance P: transmitter of nociception (Minireview).Endocr Regul, 34(4), 195-201.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Veteriner Cerrahi |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 5 Nisan 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019 |