Öz
This study was aimed to determine the presence and amount of the phthalates in yoghurt and ayran samples consumed in Turkey. For this purpose, 36 yoghurt and 24 ayran samples were used as materials in original packages collected from different markets in Turkey. The presence and the amounts of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP), di (2-ethylhexyl) phthalate (DEHP), benzyl butyl phthalate (BBP), di-isononyl phthalate (DINP), di-n-octyl phthalate (DNOP) and diisodecyl phthalate (DIDP) were determined by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The results of the analysis howed that DBP, DEHP and BBP were present in the yoghurt samples whereas DINP, DIDP and DNOP were found to be lower than the detectable limit 20 μg/kg. The lowest and the highest mounts of DBP, DEHP and BBP in yoghurt samples are 6-229, 24-122, 22-63 μg/kg respectively. The lowest and highest phthalate amounts in ayran samples are determined to be 38-59 μg/kg for DBP and 26-81 μg/kg for DEHP. According to the results, although DEHP and DBP were the main phthalate esters in all milk products that were analyzed, the phthalate values of the samples were found to be less than the limit values (P<0.001).
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Anonymous (2007): Commıssıon Dırectıve 2007/19/EC of 30 March 2007 amending Directive 2002/72/EC relating to plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food and Council Directive 85/572/EEC laying down the list of simulants to be used for testing migration of constituents of plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs.
- Anonymous (2013): Türk Gıda Kodeksi Gıda İle Temas Eden Plastik Madde ve Malzemelerin Bileşenlerinin Migrasyon Testinde Kullanılan Gıda Benzerleri Listesi Tebliği. Tebliğ No: 2013/35.
- Balafas D, Shaw KJ, Whitfield FB (1999): Phthalate and adipate esters in Australian packaging materials. Food Chem, 65, 279-287.
- Bradley EL, Burden RA, Leon I, et al. (2013): Determination of phthalate diesters in foods. Food Addit Contam, 30, 722-734.
- Cao X (2008): Determination of phthalates and adipate in bottled water by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A, 1178, 231-238.
- Chen M, Chen J, Tang C, et al. (2008): The internal exposure of Taiwanese to phthalate- An evidence of intensive use of plastic materials. Environ Int, 34, 79-85.
- Chou K, Wright RO (2006): Phthalates in Food and Medical Devices. J Med Toxicol, 2, 126-135.
- Durmaz E, Özmert EN (2010): Fitalatlar ve çocuk sağlığı. Çocuk Sağ Hast Derg, 53, 305-317.
- EFSA European Food Safety Authority (2005): Statement on the possibility of allocating a group-TDI for certain phthalates.
- Farhoodi M, Djomeh ZE, Ehsani, MR (2008): Effect of environmental conditions on the migration of di (2- ethylhexyl) Phthalate from pet bottles into yogurt drinks: Influence of time, temperature, and food stimulant. Arabian J Sci Eng, 33, 279-287.
- Fasano E, Bono-Blay F, Cirillo T, et al. (2012): Migration of phthalates, alkylphenols, bisphenol A and di (2-ethylhexyl) adipate from food packaging. Food Control, 27,132-138.
- Fierens T, Van Holderbeke M, Willems H, et al. (2012): Phthalates in Belgian cow’s milk and the role of feed and other contamination pathways at farm level. Food Chem Toxicol, 50, 2945-2953.
- Fierens T, Van Holderbeke M, Willems H, et al. (2013): Transfer of eight phthalates through the milk chain- A case study. Environ Int, 52, 1-7.
- Frederiksen H, Skakkebaek NE, Andersson A (2007): Metabolizm of phthalates in humans. Mol Nutr Food Res, 51, 899-911.
- Jarosova A (2006): Phthalic Acid Esters ( PAEs) in the Food Chain. Czech J Food Sci, 24, 223-231.
- Kamrin MA (2009): Phthalate risks, Phthalate regulation and Public health: A rewiew. J Toxicol Environ Health Part B, 12, 157-174.
- Kim M, Yun SJ, Chung, GS (2009): Determination of phthalates in raw bovine milk by gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOF-MS) and dietary intakes. Food Addit Contam, 26, 134-138.
- Latini G, Verrotti A, De Felice C (2004): Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and endocrine disruption: a rewiew. Curr Drug Targets: Immune, Endocr Metab Disord, 4, 37-40.
- Lin J, Chen W, Zhu H, et al. (2015): Determination of free and total phthalates in commercial whole milk products in different packaging materials by gas chromatography- mass spectrometry. J Dairy Sci, 98, 8278-8284.
- Sanino A (2009): Survey of phthalate levels in Italian oily foods contained in glass jars with PVC gaskets. Food Addit Contam Part B, 2, 166-170.
- Sireli UT, Filazi A, Yurdakök-Dikmen B, et al. (2017): Determination of phthalate residues in different types of yogurt by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and estimation of yogurt-related intake of phthalates. Food Anal Methods, 10, 3052-3062.
- Sorensen KL (2006): Determination of phthalates in milk and milk products by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom, 20, 1135-1143.
- Wittassek M, Angerer J (2008): Phthalates: metabolism and exposure. Int J Androl, 31, 131-138.
- Zhuokun L, Liguong X, Chifang P, et al. (2011): Simultaneous determination of nine types of phthalate residues in commercial milk products using HPLC-ESI-MS-MS. J Chromatogr Sci, 49, 337-343.
Öz
Bu çalışma Türkiye’de üretim yapan farklı firmalara ait yoğurt ve ayranlardaki fitalat varlığı ve miktarının belirlenmesi amacıyla yapıldı. Bu çerçevede, farklı satış noktalarından orjinal plastik ambalajlarda temin edilen 36 yoğurt ve 24 ayran örneği materyal olarak kullanıldı. Örneklerden di-n-butilfitalat (DBP), di (2-etilhekzil) fitalat (DEHP), benzil butil fitalat (BBP), di-isononil fitalat (DINP), di-n-oktil fitalat (DNOP) ve diizodesil fitalat (DIDP) esterlerinin varlığı ve miktarı likit kromatografi/tandem kütle spektrometresi (LC- MS/MS) ile belirlendi. Analiz sonuçlarına göre, yoğurt ve ayran örneklerinde DBP, DEHP ve BBP esterleri saptanırken DINP, DIDP ve DNOP esterleri saptama sınırının (20 μg/kg) altında bulunmuştur. Yoğurt örneklerine ait en düşük ve en yüksek fitalat değerleri DBP, DEHP ve BBP için sırasıyla 46-229, 24-122, 22-63 μg/kg olarak saptanmıştır. Ayran örnekleri için en düşük ve en yüksek fitalat değerleri DBP için 38-59 μg/kg, DEHP için 26-81μg/kg olarak belirlenmiştir. Buna göre, analize alınan tüm süt ürünlerinde DEHP ve DBP en yüksek oranda saptanan temel fitalat esterleri olmasına ragmen, örneklere ait fitalat değerleri yasal değerlerin oldukça altında bulunmuştur (P<0.001).
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Anonymous (2007): Commıssıon Dırectıve 2007/19/EC of 30 March 2007 amending Directive 2002/72/EC relating to plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with food and Council Directive 85/572/EEC laying down the list of simulants to be used for testing migration of constituents of plastic materials and articles intended to come into contact with foodstuffs.
- Anonymous (2013): Türk Gıda Kodeksi Gıda İle Temas Eden Plastik Madde ve Malzemelerin Bileşenlerinin Migrasyon Testinde Kullanılan Gıda Benzerleri Listesi Tebliği. Tebliğ No: 2013/35.
- Balafas D, Shaw KJ, Whitfield FB (1999): Phthalate and adipate esters in Australian packaging materials. Food Chem, 65, 279-287.
- Bradley EL, Burden RA, Leon I, et al. (2013): Determination of phthalate diesters in foods. Food Addit Contam, 30, 722-734.
- Cao X (2008): Determination of phthalates and adipate in bottled water by headspace solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A, 1178, 231-238.
- Chen M, Chen J, Tang C, et al. (2008): The internal exposure of Taiwanese to phthalate- An evidence of intensive use of plastic materials. Environ Int, 34, 79-85.
- Chou K, Wright RO (2006): Phthalates in Food and Medical Devices. J Med Toxicol, 2, 126-135.
- Durmaz E, Özmert EN (2010): Fitalatlar ve çocuk sağlığı. Çocuk Sağ Hast Derg, 53, 305-317.
- EFSA European Food Safety Authority (2005): Statement on the possibility of allocating a group-TDI for certain phthalates.
- Farhoodi M, Djomeh ZE, Ehsani, MR (2008): Effect of environmental conditions on the migration of di (2- ethylhexyl) Phthalate from pet bottles into yogurt drinks: Influence of time, temperature, and food stimulant. Arabian J Sci Eng, 33, 279-287.
- Fasano E, Bono-Blay F, Cirillo T, et al. (2012): Migration of phthalates, alkylphenols, bisphenol A and di (2-ethylhexyl) adipate from food packaging. Food Control, 27,132-138.
- Fierens T, Van Holderbeke M, Willems H, et al. (2012): Phthalates in Belgian cow’s milk and the role of feed and other contamination pathways at farm level. Food Chem Toxicol, 50, 2945-2953.
- Fierens T, Van Holderbeke M, Willems H, et al. (2013): Transfer of eight phthalates through the milk chain- A case study. Environ Int, 52, 1-7.
- Frederiksen H, Skakkebaek NE, Andersson A (2007): Metabolizm of phthalates in humans. Mol Nutr Food Res, 51, 899-911.
- Jarosova A (2006): Phthalic Acid Esters ( PAEs) in the Food Chain. Czech J Food Sci, 24, 223-231.
- Kamrin MA (2009): Phthalate risks, Phthalate regulation and Public health: A rewiew. J Toxicol Environ Health Part B, 12, 157-174.
- Kim M, Yun SJ, Chung, GS (2009): Determination of phthalates in raw bovine milk by gas chromatography/time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC/TOF-MS) and dietary intakes. Food Addit Contam, 26, 134-138.
- Latini G, Verrotti A, De Felice C (2004): Di-2-ethylhexyl phthalate and endocrine disruption: a rewiew. Curr Drug Targets: Immune, Endocr Metab Disord, 4, 37-40.
- Lin J, Chen W, Zhu H, et al. (2015): Determination of free and total phthalates in commercial whole milk products in different packaging materials by gas chromatography- mass spectrometry. J Dairy Sci, 98, 8278-8284.
- Sanino A (2009): Survey of phthalate levels in Italian oily foods contained in glass jars with PVC gaskets. Food Addit Contam Part B, 2, 166-170.
- Sireli UT, Filazi A, Yurdakök-Dikmen B, et al. (2017): Determination of phthalate residues in different types of yogurt by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry and estimation of yogurt-related intake of phthalates. Food Anal Methods, 10, 3052-3062.
- Sorensen KL (2006): Determination of phthalates in milk and milk products by liquid chromatography/tandem mass spectrometry. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom, 20, 1135-1143.
- Wittassek M, Angerer J (2008): Phthalates: metabolism and exposure. Int J Androl, 31, 131-138.
- Zhuokun L, Liguong X, Chifang P, et al. (2011): Simultaneous determination of nine types of phthalate residues in commercial milk products using HPLC-ESI-MS-MS. J Chromatogr Sci, 49, 337-343.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Veteriner Cerrahi |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 14 Haziran 2019 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2019 |