Effects of breeder age and early energy restriction on fattening performance, some meat quality traits and plasma leptin concentration of broilers
Öz
The objective of this study was to determine the effect of breeder age and early energy restriction on fattening performance, meat quality and plasma leptin concentration of broilers. A total of 504 male chicks were obtained from three different ages (27, 38 and 60 weeks) of broiler breeders. Chicks from each age of breeder groups were randomly divided into 2 diet groups (control and energy restriction). Broilers in energy restriction group were fed diet with reduced 10% energy from day 8 to 14. The body weight, body weight gain, feed consumption and feed to gain ratio were determined weekly during the experiment. At days 7, 14 and 41, seven broilers from each group were bled to measure the leptin concentration. At 42 day of age, 21 broilers of each group were slaughtered. Carcass, heart, liver, gizzard, spleen and abdominal fat were weighed. pH, cooking loss, moisture, protein, fat and ash of thigh meat were determined. In conclusion, breeder age affected the initial weight, total body weight gain, feed consumption and abdominal fat, whereas energy restriction affected the 2nd week body weight gain, total feed consumption, total feed to gain ratio, heart and liver percentages and also moisture and protein levels of thigh meat. Leptin was only affected by broiler age. Interaction between breeder age early energy restriction in diet of broilers was not seen except that the 2nd week feed to gain ratio
Anahtar Kelimeler
Breeder age broiler early energy restriction fattening performance meat quality leptin
Kaynakça
- Ashwell CM, Czerwinski SM, Brocht DM, McMurtry JP (1999): Hormonal regulation of leptin expression in broiler chickens. Comp Phys, 276, 226–232.
- AOAC (2000): Official Methods of Analysis. 17th ed. Maryland, USA, AOAC International.
- Balog JM, Anthony NB, Cooper MA, Kidd BD, Huff GR, Huff WE, Rath NC (2000): Ascites syndrome and related pathologies in feed restricted broilers raised in a hypobaric chamber. Poult Sci, 79, 318–323.
- Berri C, Debut M, Santé-Lhoutellier C, et al (2005): Variations in chicken breast meat quality: A strong implication of struggle and muscle glycogen level at death. Br Poult Sci, 46, 572–579.
- Bregendahl K, Sell JL, Zimmerman DR (2002): Effect of low-protein diets on growth performance and body composition of broiler chicks. Poult Sci, 81, 1156–1167.
- Cabel MC, Waldroup PW (1990): Effect of different nutrient-restriction programs early in life on broiler performance and abdominal fat content. Poult Sci, 69, 652–660.
- Cassy S, Picard M, Crochet S, et al (2004): Peripheral leptin effect on food intake in young chickens is influenced by age and strain. Domes Anim Endoc, 27, 51–61.
- Dawson B, Trapp RG (2001): Basic and Clinical Biostatistics. 3rd ed. New York, Lange Medical Books/McGrawHill Medical Publishing Division.
- Dridi S, Taouis M (2001): Leptin expression and regulation in chicken. Br Poult Sci, 42, 50–51
- Friedman JM, Halaas JL (1998): Leptin and regulation of body weight in mammals. Nature, 395, 763–770.
- Fontana EA, Weaver WD, Watkins JBA, et al (1992): Effect of early feed restriction on growth, feed conversion, and mortality in broiler chickens. Poult Sci, 71, 1296– 1305.
- Gous RM, Cherry P (2004): Effects of body weight at, and lighting regimen and growth curve to 20 weeks on laying performance in broiler breeders. Br Poult Sci, 45, 445–452.
- Grıffıths L, Leeson S, Summers JD (1977): Fat deposition in broilers: Effect of dietary energy to protein balance and early life caloric restriction on productive performance and abdominal fat pad size. Poult Sci, 56, 638–646.
- Honikel KO (1998): Reference methods for the assessment of physical characteristics of meat. Meat Sci, 49, 447-457.
- Huang JX, Luo XG, Lu L, et al (2008): Effects of age and strain on yolk sac utilization and leptin levels in newly hatched broilers. Poult Sci, 87, 2647–2652.
- Jones GPD, Farrell DJ (1992): Early life food restriction of the chicken. I. Methods of application, amino acid supplementation and the age at which restriction should commence. Br Poult Sci, 33, 579–587.
- Khetani TL, Nkukwana TT, Chimonyo M, et al (2008): Effect of quantitative feed dilution on broiler performance. Trop Anim Health Prod, 41, 379–384.
- Kuo AY, Cline MA, Werner E, et al (2005): Leptin effects on food and water intake in lines of chickens selected for high or low body weight. Physiol Behav, 16, 459–464.
- Le Bihan-Duval E, Debut M, Berri CM, et al (2008): Chicken meat quality: genetic variability and relationship with growth and muscle characteristics. Genetics, 9, 53.
- Lee KH, Leeson S (2001): Performance of broilers fed limited quantities of feed or nutrients during seven to fourteen days of age. Poult Sci, 80, 446–454.
- Leeson S, Summers JD (2005): Commercial Poultry Nutrition. 3rd ed. University books, Ontario, Canada. 398 pp.
- Leterrıer C, Rose N, Constantın P, Nys Y (1998): Reducing growth rate of broiler chickens with a low energy diet does not improve cortical bone quality. Brt Poult Sci, 39, 24–30.
- Lippens M, Room G, Groote GD, et al (2000): Early and temporary quantitative food restriction of broiler chickens. 1. Effects on performance characteristics, mortality and meat quality. Brt Poult Sci, 41, 343–354.
- Mudric S, Bozickovic P, Krivec G (1994): Performance of broiler chicks following continuous or discontinuous early feed restriction. Proceedings of the 9th Europian Poultry Conference, Glasgow, pp. 477–478.
- Nawaz H, Mushtaq T, Yaqoob M (2006): Effect of varying levels of energy and protein on live performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks. J Poult Sci, 43, 388–393.
- O’Connor RJ (1984): The Growth and Development of Birds. John Wiley And Sons New York, USA.
- Onbaşılar EE, Poyraz Ö, Çetin S (2008): Effects of breeder age and stocking density on performance, carcass characteristics and some stress parameters of broilers. Asian-Aust J Anim Sci, 21, 262–269.
- Onbaşılar EE, Yalçın S, Torlak E, et al (2009): Effects of early feed restriction on live performance, carcass characteristics,meat and liver composition, some blood parameters, heterophile lymphocyte ratio, antibody production and tonic immobility duration. Trop Anim Health Prod, 41, 1513–1519.
- Petek M (2000): The effects of Feed removal during the day on some prodution traits and blood parameters of broilers. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 24, 447–452.
- Plavnik I, Hurwitz S (1985): The performance of broiler chicks during and following a severe feed restriction at an early age. Poult Sci, 64, 348–355.
- Plavnik I, Hurwitz S (1988): Early feed restriction in chicks: Effects of age, duration and sex. Poult Sci, 67, 1407–1413.
- Plavnik I, Hurwitz S (1991): Response of broiler chickens and turkey poults to foodrestriction of varied severity during early life. Br Poult Sci, 32, 343–352.
- Rincon MU (2000):
- Mild feed restriction and
- compensatory growth in broiler chicks. M.Sc. Thesis,
- Graduate School, University of Guelph, Canada.
- Robinson FE, Classen HL, Hanson JA, et al (1992): Growth Performance, Feed Efficiency and the Incidence of Skeletal and Metabolic Disease in Full-Fed and Feed Restricted Broiler and Roaster Chickens. J App Poult Res, 1, 33–41.
- Shanawany MM (1987): Hatching Weight in Relation to Egg Weight in Domestic Birds. World’s Poult Sci J, 43, 107–115.
- Taouis M, Chen JW, Daviaud C, et al (1998): Cloning the chicken leptin gene. Gene, 208, 239–242.
- Wilson HR (1991): Interrelationship of egg size, chick size, posthatching growth, and hatchability. World’s Poult Sci J, 47, 5–20.
- Yang YX, Guo J, Yoon SY, et al (2009): Early energy and protein reduction: efects on growth, blood profiles and expression of genes related to protein and fat metabolism in broilers. Br Poult Sci, 50, 218–227.
- Yu MW, Robinson FE (1992): The application of short- term feed restriction to broiler chicken production: a review. J Appl Poult Res, 1, 147–153.
- Zhan XA, Wang M, Ren H, et al (2007): Effect of early feed compensatory growth in broiler chickens. Poult Sci, 86, 654–660. programming and
- Zubair AK, Leeson S (1996): Compensatory growth in the broiler chicken: a review. World's Poult Sci, 52, 189– 201.
Etçi piliçlerde damızlık yaşı ve erken dönem enerji kısıtlamasının besi performansı, bazı et kaliteözellikleri ve plazma leptin konsantrasyonuna etkisi
Öz
Bu araştırmanın amacı, etçi piliçlerde damızlık yaşı ve erken dönem enerji kısıtlamasının besi performansı, et kalitesi ve plazma leptin konsantrasyonuna etkilerini incelemektir. Toplam 504 erkek civciv üç farklı yaştaki (27, 38 ve 60 haftalık) damızlıklardan temin edilmiştir. Her damızlık yaş grubundan elde edilen civcivler rasgele iki beslenme grubuna (kontrol ve enerji kısıtlaması uygulanan grup) bölünmüştür. Enerji kısıtlaması uygulanan gruptaki etçi piliçler 8-14 günlük yaşta %10 enerjisi azaltılmış rasyonla beslenmiştir. Deneme boyunca canlı ağırlık, canlı ağırlık artışı, yem tüketimi ve yemden yararlanma oranı haftada bir belirlenmiştir. 7, 14 ve 41. günlerde her gruptaki 7 etçi piliçten kan alınarak leptin konsantrasyonu ölçülmüştür. 42 günlük yaşta her gruptan 21 piliç kesilerek, karkas, kalp, karaciğer, taşlık, dalak ve karın yağı ağırlıkları belirlenmiştir. But eti pH, pişirme kaybı, nem, protein, yağ ve kül düzeyleri tespit edilmiştir. Sonuç olarak, damızlık yaşının başlangıç canlı ağırlığı, toplam canlı ağırlık kazancı, toplam yem tüketimi ve karın yağını; enerji kısıtlamasının ikinci hafta canlı ağırlık kazancı, toplam yem tüketimi, toplam yemden yararlanma oranı, kalp ve karaciğer yüzdeleri ile but eti nem ve protein düzeylerini etkilediği belirlenmiştir. Leptin konsantrasyonu sadece etçi piliçlerin yaşından etkilenmiştir. Damızlık yaşı ile enerji kısıtlaması arasında 2. hafta yemden yararlanma oranı dışında herhangi bir etkileşim görülmemiştir
Anahtar Kelimeler
Besi performansı damızlık yaşı erken dönem enerji kısıtlaması et kalitesi etçi piliç leptin
Kaynakça
- Ashwell CM, Czerwinski SM, Brocht DM, McMurtry JP (1999): Hormonal regulation of leptin expression in broiler chickens. Comp Phys, 276, 226–232.
- AOAC (2000): Official Methods of Analysis. 17th ed. Maryland, USA, AOAC International.
- Balog JM, Anthony NB, Cooper MA, Kidd BD, Huff GR, Huff WE, Rath NC (2000): Ascites syndrome and related pathologies in feed restricted broilers raised in a hypobaric chamber. Poult Sci, 79, 318–323.
- Berri C, Debut M, Santé-Lhoutellier C, et al (2005): Variations in chicken breast meat quality: A strong implication of struggle and muscle glycogen level at death. Br Poult Sci, 46, 572–579.
- Bregendahl K, Sell JL, Zimmerman DR (2002): Effect of low-protein diets on growth performance and body composition of broiler chicks. Poult Sci, 81, 1156–1167.
- Cabel MC, Waldroup PW (1990): Effect of different nutrient-restriction programs early in life on broiler performance and abdominal fat content. Poult Sci, 69, 652–660.
- Cassy S, Picard M, Crochet S, et al (2004): Peripheral leptin effect on food intake in young chickens is influenced by age and strain. Domes Anim Endoc, 27, 51–61.
- Dawson B, Trapp RG (2001): Basic and Clinical Biostatistics. 3rd ed. New York, Lange Medical Books/McGrawHill Medical Publishing Division.
- Dridi S, Taouis M (2001): Leptin expression and regulation in chicken. Br Poult Sci, 42, 50–51
- Friedman JM, Halaas JL (1998): Leptin and regulation of body weight in mammals. Nature, 395, 763–770.
- Fontana EA, Weaver WD, Watkins JBA, et al (1992): Effect of early feed restriction on growth, feed conversion, and mortality in broiler chickens. Poult Sci, 71, 1296– 1305.
- Gous RM, Cherry P (2004): Effects of body weight at, and lighting regimen and growth curve to 20 weeks on laying performance in broiler breeders. Br Poult Sci, 45, 445–452.
- Grıffıths L, Leeson S, Summers JD (1977): Fat deposition in broilers: Effect of dietary energy to protein balance and early life caloric restriction on productive performance and abdominal fat pad size. Poult Sci, 56, 638–646.
- Honikel KO (1998): Reference methods for the assessment of physical characteristics of meat. Meat Sci, 49, 447-457.
- Huang JX, Luo XG, Lu L, et al (2008): Effects of age and strain on yolk sac utilization and leptin levels in newly hatched broilers. Poult Sci, 87, 2647–2652.
- Jones GPD, Farrell DJ (1992): Early life food restriction of the chicken. I. Methods of application, amino acid supplementation and the age at which restriction should commence. Br Poult Sci, 33, 579–587.
- Khetani TL, Nkukwana TT, Chimonyo M, et al (2008): Effect of quantitative feed dilution on broiler performance. Trop Anim Health Prod, 41, 379–384.
- Kuo AY, Cline MA, Werner E, et al (2005): Leptin effects on food and water intake in lines of chickens selected for high or low body weight. Physiol Behav, 16, 459–464.
- Le Bihan-Duval E, Debut M, Berri CM, et al (2008): Chicken meat quality: genetic variability and relationship with growth and muscle characteristics. Genetics, 9, 53.
- Lee KH, Leeson S (2001): Performance of broilers fed limited quantities of feed or nutrients during seven to fourteen days of age. Poult Sci, 80, 446–454.
- Leeson S, Summers JD (2005): Commercial Poultry Nutrition. 3rd ed. University books, Ontario, Canada. 398 pp.
- Leterrıer C, Rose N, Constantın P, Nys Y (1998): Reducing growth rate of broiler chickens with a low energy diet does not improve cortical bone quality. Brt Poult Sci, 39, 24–30.
- Lippens M, Room G, Groote GD, et al (2000): Early and temporary quantitative food restriction of broiler chickens. 1. Effects on performance characteristics, mortality and meat quality. Brt Poult Sci, 41, 343–354.
- Mudric S, Bozickovic P, Krivec G (1994): Performance of broiler chicks following continuous or discontinuous early feed restriction. Proceedings of the 9th Europian Poultry Conference, Glasgow, pp. 477–478.
- Nawaz H, Mushtaq T, Yaqoob M (2006): Effect of varying levels of energy and protein on live performance and carcass characteristics of broiler chicks. J Poult Sci, 43, 388–393.
- O’Connor RJ (1984): The Growth and Development of Birds. John Wiley And Sons New York, USA.
- Onbaşılar EE, Poyraz Ö, Çetin S (2008): Effects of breeder age and stocking density on performance, carcass characteristics and some stress parameters of broilers. Asian-Aust J Anim Sci, 21, 262–269.
- Onbaşılar EE, Yalçın S, Torlak E, et al (2009): Effects of early feed restriction on live performance, carcass characteristics,meat and liver composition, some blood parameters, heterophile lymphocyte ratio, antibody production and tonic immobility duration. Trop Anim Health Prod, 41, 1513–1519.
- Petek M (2000): The effects of Feed removal during the day on some prodution traits and blood parameters of broilers. Turk J Vet Anim Sci, 24, 447–452.
- Plavnik I, Hurwitz S (1985): The performance of broiler chicks during and following a severe feed restriction at an early age. Poult Sci, 64, 348–355.
- Plavnik I, Hurwitz S (1988): Early feed restriction in chicks: Effects of age, duration and sex. Poult Sci, 67, 1407–1413.
- Plavnik I, Hurwitz S (1991): Response of broiler chickens and turkey poults to foodrestriction of varied severity during early life. Br Poult Sci, 32, 343–352.
- Rincon MU (2000):
- Mild feed restriction and
- compensatory growth in broiler chicks. M.Sc. Thesis,
- Graduate School, University of Guelph, Canada.
- Robinson FE, Classen HL, Hanson JA, et al (1992): Growth Performance, Feed Efficiency and the Incidence of Skeletal and Metabolic Disease in Full-Fed and Feed Restricted Broiler and Roaster Chickens. J App Poult Res, 1, 33–41.
- Shanawany MM (1987): Hatching Weight in Relation to Egg Weight in Domestic Birds. World’s Poult Sci J, 43, 107–115.
- Taouis M, Chen JW, Daviaud C, et al (1998): Cloning the chicken leptin gene. Gene, 208, 239–242.
- Wilson HR (1991): Interrelationship of egg size, chick size, posthatching growth, and hatchability. World’s Poult Sci J, 47, 5–20.
- Yang YX, Guo J, Yoon SY, et al (2009): Early energy and protein reduction: efects on growth, blood profiles and expression of genes related to protein and fat metabolism in broilers. Br Poult Sci, 50, 218–227.
- Yu MW, Robinson FE (1992): The application of short- term feed restriction to broiler chicken production: a review. J Appl Poult Res, 1, 147–153.
- Zhan XA, Wang M, Ren H, et al (2007): Effect of early feed compensatory growth in broiler chickens. Poult Sci, 86, 654–660. programming and
- Zubair AK, Leeson S (1996): Compensatory growth in the broiler chicken: a review. World's Poult Sci, 52, 189– 201.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Veteriner Cerrahi |
| Diğer ID | JA78RT29VR |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Mart 2016 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2016 |