Effects of olive leaf extract on rumen microbial fermentation in in vitro semi-continuous culture system (RUSITEC)
Öz
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of olive leaf extract (OLE) on in vitro fermentation of a 50 : 50 forage : concentrate diet using the rumen simulation technique (RUSITEC) and to compare its effects with monensin addition. The Rusitec system consisted of eight vessels: two received 150 mg of olive leaf extract (OLE-H) daily, two received 15 mg of olive leaf extract (OLE-L), two received 5 mg of monensin (MON, positive control), and two received no additives (CTR). After an adaptation period of 7 days, the main fermentation parameters were determined for seven consecutive days. There were no significant differences between treatments either in pH or in organic matter degradability. MON significantly increased (p < 0.05) propionate production and significantly reduced (p < 0.05) acetate and butyrate productions, acetate to propionate ratio, total protozoa count and NH3-N concentration. Compared to CTR, the addition of both concentrations of OLE significantly increased (p < 0.05) total volatile fatty acid (VFA) and propionate productions. However, OLE-H decreased (p < 0.05) butyrate production and total protozoa count. Based on results from this study, it is reasonable to conclude that olive leaf extract exerted beneficial effects on some fermentation parameters in the rumen-simulating semi-continuous culture system, which may improve fermentation efficiency in the rumen
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Abaza L, Talorete TPN., Yamada P, Kurita Y, Zarrouk M, Isoda H (2007): Induction of growth inhibition and differentiation of human leukemia HL-60 cells by a Tunisian gerboui olive leaf extract. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 71, 1306-1312.
- Busquet M, Calsamiglia S, Ferret A, Kamel C (2006): Plant extracts affect in vitro rumen microbial fermentation. J Dairy Sci, 89, 761-771.
- Calsamiglia S, Busquet M, Cardozo PW, Castillejos L, Ferret A (2007): Invited review: essential oils as modifiers of rumen microbial fermentation. J Dairy Sci, 90, 2580- 2595.
- Cardozo PW, Calsamiglia S, Ferret A, Kamel C (2006): Effects of natural plant extracts at different pH on in vitro rumen microbial fermentation of a high-concentrate diet for beef cattle. J Anim Sci, 84, 2801-2808.
- Castillejos L, Calsamiglia S, Ferret A, Losa R (2005): Effects of a specific blend of essential oil compounds and the type of diet on rumen microbial fermentation and nutrient flow from a continuous culture system. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 119, 29-41.
- Castillejos L, Calsamiglia S, Ferret A, Losa R (2007): Effects of dose and adaptation time of a specific blend of essential oil compounds on rumen fermentation. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 132, 186-201.
- Castillejos L, Calsamiglia S, Martín-Ereso J, Ter Wijlen H (2008): In vitro evaluation of effects of ten essential oils at three doses on ruminal fermentation of high concentrate feedlot-type diets. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 145, 259-270.
- Chaney AL, Marbaeh EP (1962): Modified reagents for determination of urea and ammonia. Clin Chem, 8, 130- 132.
- Czerkawski JW, Breckenridge G (1977): Design and development of a long-term rumen simulation technique (Rusitec). Br J Nut, 38, 371-384.
- Hino T, Russell JB (1986): Relative contributions of ruminal bacteria and protozoa to the degradation of protein in vitro. J Anim Sci, 64, 261-274.
- Korukluoglu M, Sahan Y, Yigit A (2008): Antifungal properties of olive leaf extracts and their phenolic compounds. J Food Safety, 28, 76-87.
- Martineau R, Benchaar C, Petit HV, Lapierre H, Ouellet DR, Pellerin D, Berthiaume R (2007): Effects of lasalocid or monensin supplementation on digestion, ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites, and milk production of lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 90, 5714- 5725.
- Newbold C, Mcintosh JFM, Williams P, Losa R, Wallace RJ (2004): Effects of a specific blend of essential oil compounds on rumen fermentation. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 114, 105-112.
- Oeztuerk H, Sagmanligil V (2009): Role of live yeasts on rumen ecosystem. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr, 116, 244- 248.
- Oeztuerk H, Emre B, Sagmanligil V, Piskin I, Fidanci UR, Pekcan M (2010): Effects of nisin and propolis on ruminal fermentation in vitro. J Anim Vet Adv, 9, 2752- 2758.
- Pereira AP, Ferreria ICFR, Marcelino F, Valentao P, Andrade PB, Seabra R, Estevinho L, Bento A, Pereira JA (2007): Phenolic compounds and antimicrobial activity of olive (Olea europaea L. Cv. Cobrançosa) leaves. Molecules, 12, 1153-1162.
- Ritchason J (1999): Olive leaf extract, Woodland publishing, Pleasant Grove, Utah.
- Russell JB, Strobel HJ (1989): Mini-Review: The effect of ionophores on ruminal fermentation. Appl Environ Microbiol, 55, 1-6.
- Veira DM (1986): The role of ciliate protozoa in nutrition of the ruminant. J Anim Sci, 63, 1547-1560.
- Yáñez Ruiz DR, Martín García AI, Moumen A, Molina Alcaide E (2004): Ruminal fermentation and degradation patterns, protozoa population and urinary purine derivatives excretion in goats and wethers fed diets based on olive leaves. J Anim Sci, 82, 3006-3014.
- Yang MG, Monoharan K, Mickelsen O (1970): Nutritional contribution of volatile fatty acids from the cecum of rats. J Nutr, 100, 545-550.
- Wallace RJ, Mcewan NR, Mcintosh FM, Teferedegne B, Newbold CJ (2002): Natural products as manipulators of rumen fermentation. Asian-Aust J Anim Sci, 15, 1458- 1468.
- Wang Y, Alexander TN, Mcallister TA (2004): In vitro effects of monensin and Tween 80 on ruminal fermentation of barley grain:barley silage-based diets for beef cattle. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 116, 197-209.
Zeytin yaprağı ekstraktının yarı-sürekli in vitro kültür sisteminde (RUSITEC) rumen mikrobiyalfermantasyonu üzerine etkileri
Öz
Bu araştırmada rumen simulasyon tekniği (RUSITEC) kullanılarak zeytin yaprağı ekstraktının % 50 kaba yem % 50 konsantre yemden oluşan bir rasyonun in vitro fermantasyonu üzerine etkilerinin araştırılması ve bu etkilerin monensinin etkileri ile karşılaştırılması amaçlandı. Rusitec sistemde 8 fermenter kullanıldı: Bunlardan ilk ikisine günlük 150 mg (OLE-H), diğer ikisine ise günlük 15 mg (OLE-L) zeytin yaprağı ekstraktı ilave edildi. Kalan 4 fermenterden ikisine günlük 5 mg monensin (MON, pozitif kontrol) ilavesi yapılırken, son iki fermentere hiçbir ilave yapılmayıp kontrol (CTR) olarak kullanıldı. Yedi günlük adaptasyon fazından sonra, 7 gün boyunca temel fermantasyon parametreleri belirlendi. Deneme grupları arasında pH ve organik madde sindirilebilirliği açısından istatistiksel bir farklılık bulunmadı. MON propiyonat üretimini istatistiksel olarak belirgin bir şekilde artırırken (p < 0,05), asetat ve bütirat üretimleri, asetatın propiyonata oranı, protozoon sayısı ve NH3-N konsantrasyonunu belirgin bir şekilde azalttı (p < 0,05). CTR ile karşılaştırıldığında, OLE’nin her iki konsantrasyonu da toplam uçucu yağ asidi (UYA) ve propiyonat üretimlerini istatistiksel olarak anlamlı bir şekilde arttırdı (p < 0,05). Ancak OLE-H bütirat üretimi ve toplam protozoon sayısını azalttı (p < 0,05). Bu araştırmanın sonuçlarına dayanarak zeytin yaprağı ekstraktının yarı-sürekli rumen simulasyon kültür sisteminde bazı fermantasyon parametreleri üzerinde olumlu etkiler oluşturduğunu, dolayısıyla rumendeki fermantasyon verimliliğini artırabileceğini söyleyebiliriz
Anahtar Kelimeler
Kaynakça
- Abaza L, Talorete TPN., Yamada P, Kurita Y, Zarrouk M, Isoda H (2007): Induction of growth inhibition and differentiation of human leukemia HL-60 cells by a Tunisian gerboui olive leaf extract. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem, 71, 1306-1312.
- Busquet M, Calsamiglia S, Ferret A, Kamel C (2006): Plant extracts affect in vitro rumen microbial fermentation. J Dairy Sci, 89, 761-771.
- Calsamiglia S, Busquet M, Cardozo PW, Castillejos L, Ferret A (2007): Invited review: essential oils as modifiers of rumen microbial fermentation. J Dairy Sci, 90, 2580- 2595.
- Cardozo PW, Calsamiglia S, Ferret A, Kamel C (2006): Effects of natural plant extracts at different pH on in vitro rumen microbial fermentation of a high-concentrate diet for beef cattle. J Anim Sci, 84, 2801-2808.
- Castillejos L, Calsamiglia S, Ferret A, Losa R (2005): Effects of a specific blend of essential oil compounds and the type of diet on rumen microbial fermentation and nutrient flow from a continuous culture system. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 119, 29-41.
- Castillejos L, Calsamiglia S, Ferret A, Losa R (2007): Effects of dose and adaptation time of a specific blend of essential oil compounds on rumen fermentation. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 132, 186-201.
- Castillejos L, Calsamiglia S, Martín-Ereso J, Ter Wijlen H (2008): In vitro evaluation of effects of ten essential oils at three doses on ruminal fermentation of high concentrate feedlot-type diets. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 145, 259-270.
- Chaney AL, Marbaeh EP (1962): Modified reagents for determination of urea and ammonia. Clin Chem, 8, 130- 132.
- Czerkawski JW, Breckenridge G (1977): Design and development of a long-term rumen simulation technique (Rusitec). Br J Nut, 38, 371-384.
- Hino T, Russell JB (1986): Relative contributions of ruminal bacteria and protozoa to the degradation of protein in vitro. J Anim Sci, 64, 261-274.
- Korukluoglu M, Sahan Y, Yigit A (2008): Antifungal properties of olive leaf extracts and their phenolic compounds. J Food Safety, 28, 76-87.
- Martineau R, Benchaar C, Petit HV, Lapierre H, Ouellet DR, Pellerin D, Berthiaume R (2007): Effects of lasalocid or monensin supplementation on digestion, ruminal fermentation, blood metabolites, and milk production of lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 90, 5714- 5725.
- Newbold C, Mcintosh JFM, Williams P, Losa R, Wallace RJ (2004): Effects of a specific blend of essential oil compounds on rumen fermentation. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 114, 105-112.
- Oeztuerk H, Sagmanligil V (2009): Role of live yeasts on rumen ecosystem. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr, 116, 244- 248.
- Oeztuerk H, Emre B, Sagmanligil V, Piskin I, Fidanci UR, Pekcan M (2010): Effects of nisin and propolis on ruminal fermentation in vitro. J Anim Vet Adv, 9, 2752- 2758.
- Pereira AP, Ferreria ICFR, Marcelino F, Valentao P, Andrade PB, Seabra R, Estevinho L, Bento A, Pereira JA (2007): Phenolic compounds and antimicrobial activity of olive (Olea europaea L. Cv. Cobrançosa) leaves. Molecules, 12, 1153-1162.
- Ritchason J (1999): Olive leaf extract, Woodland publishing, Pleasant Grove, Utah.
- Russell JB, Strobel HJ (1989): Mini-Review: The effect of ionophores on ruminal fermentation. Appl Environ Microbiol, 55, 1-6.
- Veira DM (1986): The role of ciliate protozoa in nutrition of the ruminant. J Anim Sci, 63, 1547-1560.
- Yáñez Ruiz DR, Martín García AI, Moumen A, Molina Alcaide E (2004): Ruminal fermentation and degradation patterns, protozoa population and urinary purine derivatives excretion in goats and wethers fed diets based on olive leaves. J Anim Sci, 82, 3006-3014.
- Yang MG, Monoharan K, Mickelsen O (1970): Nutritional contribution of volatile fatty acids from the cecum of rats. J Nutr, 100, 545-550.
- Wallace RJ, Mcewan NR, Mcintosh FM, Teferedegne B, Newbold CJ (2002): Natural products as manipulators of rumen fermentation. Asian-Aust J Anim Sci, 15, 1458- 1468.
- Wang Y, Alexander TN, Mcallister TA (2004): In vitro effects of monensin and Tween 80 on ruminal fermentation of barley grain:barley silage-based diets for beef cattle. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 116, 197-209.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Veteriner Cerrahi |
| Diğer ID | JA96FK68VZ |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Mart 2012 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2012 |