Araştırma Makalesi
Yıl 2020,
, 281 - 287, 03.06.2020
Öz
Kaynakça
- 1. Adesogan AT (2009): Challenges of tropical silage production. 139-154. In: Proocedings of 15th International Silage Conference. Universtiy of Wisconsin, Madison.
- 2. AOAC (1990): Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 69-88. In: K Helrich (Ed), Official Methods of Analysis. USA.
- 3. Borreani G, Tabacco E, Schmidt RJ, et al (2018): Factors affecting dry matter and quality losses in silages. J Dairy Sci, 101, 3952–3979.
- 4. Broderick GA, Kang JH (1980): Automated simultaneous determination ofammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and ın vitro media. J Dairy Sci, 63, 64–75.
- 5. Canbolat Ö, Kalkan H, Karaman Ş, et al (2010): The investigation of possibility of grape pomace as carbohydrate source in alfalfa silages. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 16, 269-276.
- 6. Chiba S, Chiba H, Yagi MA (2005): A Guide for Silage Making and Utilization in the Tropical Regions. 29. In: A publication of the Japanese Livestock Technology Association, Tokyo: Ministry of Agriculture, Foresty and Fisheries, Japan.
- 7. Crampton EW, Maynard LA (1938): The relation of cellulose and lignin content to nutritive value of animal feeds. J Nutr, 15, 383-395.
- 8. Dawson B, Trapp RG (2001): Basic and Clinical Biostatistics. Lange Medical Books/ McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division, New York, USA.
- 9. DLG (1997): DLG-Schlussel zur Beurteilung der Garqualita ̈t von Grunfuttersilagen auf der Basis der chemischen Untersuchung. [DLG-pattern for the Evaluation of the Fermentation Quality of Grass Silages on the basis of Chemical Analyses]. Frankfurta. M.: Deutsche Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft.
- 10. Dong Z, Yuan X, Wen A, et al (2017): Effects of calcium propionateon the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of alfalfa silage. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 30, 1278–1284.
- 11. Doonan BM, Kaiser AG, Stanley DF, et al (2004): Silage in the Farming System. 1-24. In: AG Kaiser, JW Piltz, HM Burns, NW Griffiths (Eds), Successful Silage, Chapter 1. New South Wales Dept. Of Primary Indusrtry, Orange.
- 12. Đorđević S, Mandić V, Stanojević D (2016): The effect of bacterial inoculant on chemical composition and fermentation of alfalfa silage. Biotech Anim Hus, 32, 413- 423.
- 13. Filya I, Ashbell G, Hen Y, et al (2000): The effect of bacterial inoculants on the fermentation and aerobic stability of whole crop wheat silage. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 88, 39–46.
- 14. Gallo A, Giuberti G, Bruschi S, et al (2015): Use of principal factor analysis to generate a corn silage fermentative quality index to rank well- or poorly-preserved forages: Corn silage fermentative quality index definition. J Sci Food Agric, 96, 1686–1696.
- 15. Goering HK, Van Soest PJ (1970). Forage Fibre Analysis, Agric Handbook. Department Agriculture. Washington, DC, USA.
- 16. Karakozak E, Ayaşan T (2010): Effect of inoculant in silages in which diffirent forage crops and their mixtures on Flieg point and crude nutrient content. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 16, 987-994.
- 17. Kim JG, Ham JS, Li Y, et al (2017): Development of a new lactic acid bacterial inoculant for fresh rice straw silage. Asian-Australasian J Anim Sci, 30, 950–956.
- 18. Kleinschmit DH, Kung LA (2006): A meta-analysis of the effects of Lactobacillus buchneri on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn and grass and small-grain silages. J Dairy Sci, 89, 4005-4013.
- 19. Kung L, Stokes MR, Lin CJ (2003): Silage Additives. 305-360. In: Silage, science and technology. Agronomy Monograph, Wisconsin, USA.
- 20. Liu C, Lai YJ, Lu X, et al (2016): Effect of lactic acid bacteria inoculants on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) silage quality: Assessment of degradation (in situ) and gas production (in vitro). J Integr Agric, 15, 2834-2841.
- 21. Liu QH, Dong ZH, Shao T (2018): Effect of additives on fatty acid profile of high moisture alfalfa silage during ensiling and after exposure to air. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 236, 29–38.
- 22. Meeske R (2005): Silage additives: Do they make a difference? S Afr J Anim Sci, 6, 49–55.
- 23. Muck RE, Nadeau EMG, McAllister TA, et al (2018): Recent advances and future uses of silage additives. J Dairy Sci, 101, 3980–4000.
- 24. Ni K, Wang F, Zhu B, et al (2017): Effects oflactic acid bacteria and molasses additives on the microbial community andfermentation quality of soybean silage. Bioresour Technol, 238, 706–715.
- 25. Oladosu Y, Rafii MY, Abdullah N, et al (2016): Fermentation quality and additives: A case of rice straw silage. Biomed Res-Int, 13, 1-14.
- 26. Pahlow G, Muck RE, Driehuis F, et al (2003): Microbiology of Ensiling. 31-94. In: Buxton DR, Muck RE, Harrison JH (Eds), Silage Science and Technology, American Society of Argonomy, Washington, D.C.
- 27. Park RS, Stronge MD (2013): Silage Production and Utilisation. 98-99. In Proceedings of 14th Proceedings of the International Silage Conference, Wageningen Academic, The Netherlands.
- 28. Rajabi R, Tahmasbi R, Dayani O, et al (2016): Chemical composition of alfalfa silage with waste date and its feeding effect on ruminal fermentation characteristics and microbial protein synthesis in sheep. J Anim Physiol An N, 101, 466-474.
- 29. Redfearn D, Zhang H (2014): Forage Quality Interpretations. Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service, PSS-2117. Available at http://factsheets.okstate.edu/ (Accessed March 2, 2019).
- 30. Silva VP, Pereira OG, Leandro ES, et al (2016): Effects of lactic acid bacteria with bacteriocinogenic potential onthe fermentation profile and chemical composition of alfalfa silage in tropicalconditions. J Dairy Sci, 99, 1895–1902.
- 31. Suzuki M, Lund CW (1980): Improved gas-liquid chromatography for simultaneous determination of volatile fatty acids and lactic acid in silage. J Agric Food Chem, 28, 1040–1041.
- 32. Turan A, Önenç SS (2018): Effect of cumin essential oil usage on fermentation quality, aerobic stability and in vitro digetibility of alfalfa silage. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 31, 1252-1258.
- 33. Uher D, Konjačić M, Jares D, et al (2019): The effect of bacterial inoculant on chemical composition and fermentation of alfalfa silage. J Cent Agr, 20, 657-64.
- 34. Van Soest PJ (1994): Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY.
- 35. Wang J, Wang JQ, Zhou H, et al (2015): Effects of addition of previously fermented juice prepared from alfalfa on fermentation quality and protein degradation of alfalfa silage. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 151, 280-290.
- 36. Wang S, Yuan X, Dong Z, et al (2017): Characteristics of isolated lactic acid bacteria and their effects on the silage quality. Bioresour Technol, 30, 819–827. 37. Wilkonson JM (1999): Silage and animal health. Natural Toxins, 7, 212–230.
- 38. Yan Y, Li X, Guan H, et al (2019): Microbial community and fermentation characteristic of Italian ryegrass silage prepared with corn stover and lactic acid bacteria. Bioresour Technol, 279, 166–173.
- 39. Yang L, Yuan X, Li J, et al (2018): Dynamics of microbial community and fermentation quality during ensiling of sterile and nonsterile alfalfa with or without Lactobacillus plantarum inoculant. Bioresour Technol, 275, 280-287.
- 40. Yuan X, Wen A, Desta ST, et al (2017): Effects of four short-chain fatty acids or salts on the dynamics of nitrogen transformations and intrinsic protease activity of alfalfa silage. J Sci Food Agric, 97, 2759–2766.
- 41. Zhang Q, Zhao M, Wang X, et al (2017): Ensiling alfalfa with whole crop corn improves the silage quality and in vitro digestibility of the silage mixtures. Jpn Soc Grassland Sci, 63, 211-217.
- 42. Zhao J, Dong Z, Li, J, et al (2019): Effects of lactic acid bacteria and molasses on fermentation dynamics, structural and nonstructural carbohydrate composition and in vitro ruminal fermentation of rice straw silage. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 32, 783-791.
- 43. Zielińska K, Fabiszewska A, Stefańska I (2015): Diffirent aspects of Lactobacillus inoculants on the improvement of quality and safety of alfalfa silage. Chil J Agr Res, 75, 298-306.
Effects of lactic acid bacteria inoculant on quality, fermentation profile and nutritive value of alfalfa silage at different ensiling period
Öz
The present study was carried out to investigate the effects of lactic acid bacteria inoculant on quality, fermentation profile and nutritive value of alfalfa silage at different fermentation periods. After harvesting, fresh alfalfa samples were packed into polyethylene film and the commercial lactic acid bacteria inoculant was used as silage additive. Totally of 21 silage packages were opened by weekly for the analysis. Smell, color, structure, and total scores of alflalfa silage were significantly increased from the first week. Silage quality was determined medium at 7th day; good between 14th and 42th days; excellent at 49th day. The Flieg point was gradually increased after d 28 of ensiling (P<0.05). While pH was reduced at 5.15; NH3-N/TN content of alfalfa silage was increased at 15.70% at the end of the study. We observed an increase in acetate concentration and decrease in propionate and butyrate concentrations in the alfalfa silage. Lactate concentration was significantly increased on day 35 of the fermentation (P<0.05). Crude fiber (CF), crude protein (CP), ether extract (EE), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) contents of alfalfa silage were decreased, whereas nitrojen free extract (NFE) and non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) were increased during ensiling period. According to our findings, fermentation period had a significant effect on digestible dry matter, dry matter intake and relative feed value of alfafa silage (P<0.05).
Anahtar Kelimeler
Alfalfa silage chemical composition fermentation parameters silage quality
Kaynakça
- 1. Adesogan AT (2009): Challenges of tropical silage production. 139-154. In: Proocedings of 15th International Silage Conference. Universtiy of Wisconsin, Madison.
- 2. AOAC (1990): Association of Official Analytical Chemists. 69-88. In: K Helrich (Ed), Official Methods of Analysis. USA.
- 3. Borreani G, Tabacco E, Schmidt RJ, et al (2018): Factors affecting dry matter and quality losses in silages. J Dairy Sci, 101, 3952–3979.
- 4. Broderick GA, Kang JH (1980): Automated simultaneous determination ofammonia and total amino acids in ruminal fluid and ın vitro media. J Dairy Sci, 63, 64–75.
- 5. Canbolat Ö, Kalkan H, Karaman Ş, et al (2010): The investigation of possibility of grape pomace as carbohydrate source in alfalfa silages. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 16, 269-276.
- 6. Chiba S, Chiba H, Yagi MA (2005): A Guide for Silage Making and Utilization in the Tropical Regions. 29. In: A publication of the Japanese Livestock Technology Association, Tokyo: Ministry of Agriculture, Foresty and Fisheries, Japan.
- 7. Crampton EW, Maynard LA (1938): The relation of cellulose and lignin content to nutritive value of animal feeds. J Nutr, 15, 383-395.
- 8. Dawson B, Trapp RG (2001): Basic and Clinical Biostatistics. Lange Medical Books/ McGraw-Hill Medical Publishing Division, New York, USA.
- 9. DLG (1997): DLG-Schlussel zur Beurteilung der Garqualita ̈t von Grunfuttersilagen auf der Basis der chemischen Untersuchung. [DLG-pattern for the Evaluation of the Fermentation Quality of Grass Silages on the basis of Chemical Analyses]. Frankfurta. M.: Deutsche Landwirtschafts-Gesellschaft.
- 10. Dong Z, Yuan X, Wen A, et al (2017): Effects of calcium propionateon the fermentation quality and aerobic stability of alfalfa silage. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 30, 1278–1284.
- 11. Doonan BM, Kaiser AG, Stanley DF, et al (2004): Silage in the Farming System. 1-24. In: AG Kaiser, JW Piltz, HM Burns, NW Griffiths (Eds), Successful Silage, Chapter 1. New South Wales Dept. Of Primary Indusrtry, Orange.
- 12. Đorđević S, Mandić V, Stanojević D (2016): The effect of bacterial inoculant on chemical composition and fermentation of alfalfa silage. Biotech Anim Hus, 32, 413- 423.
- 13. Filya I, Ashbell G, Hen Y, et al (2000): The effect of bacterial inoculants on the fermentation and aerobic stability of whole crop wheat silage. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 88, 39–46.
- 14. Gallo A, Giuberti G, Bruschi S, et al (2015): Use of principal factor analysis to generate a corn silage fermentative quality index to rank well- or poorly-preserved forages: Corn silage fermentative quality index definition. J Sci Food Agric, 96, 1686–1696.
- 15. Goering HK, Van Soest PJ (1970). Forage Fibre Analysis, Agric Handbook. Department Agriculture. Washington, DC, USA.
- 16. Karakozak E, Ayaşan T (2010): Effect of inoculant in silages in which diffirent forage crops and their mixtures on Flieg point and crude nutrient content. Kafkas Univ Vet Fak Derg, 16, 987-994.
- 17. Kim JG, Ham JS, Li Y, et al (2017): Development of a new lactic acid bacterial inoculant for fresh rice straw silage. Asian-Australasian J Anim Sci, 30, 950–956.
- 18. Kleinschmit DH, Kung LA (2006): A meta-analysis of the effects of Lactobacillus buchneri on the fermentation and aerobic stability of corn and grass and small-grain silages. J Dairy Sci, 89, 4005-4013.
- 19. Kung L, Stokes MR, Lin CJ (2003): Silage Additives. 305-360. In: Silage, science and technology. Agronomy Monograph, Wisconsin, USA.
- 20. Liu C, Lai YJ, Lu X, et al (2016): Effect of lactic acid bacteria inoculants on alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) silage quality: Assessment of degradation (in situ) and gas production (in vitro). J Integr Agric, 15, 2834-2841.
- 21. Liu QH, Dong ZH, Shao T (2018): Effect of additives on fatty acid profile of high moisture alfalfa silage during ensiling and after exposure to air. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 236, 29–38.
- 22. Meeske R (2005): Silage additives: Do they make a difference? S Afr J Anim Sci, 6, 49–55.
- 23. Muck RE, Nadeau EMG, McAllister TA, et al (2018): Recent advances and future uses of silage additives. J Dairy Sci, 101, 3980–4000.
- 24. Ni K, Wang F, Zhu B, et al (2017): Effects oflactic acid bacteria and molasses additives on the microbial community andfermentation quality of soybean silage. Bioresour Technol, 238, 706–715.
- 25. Oladosu Y, Rafii MY, Abdullah N, et al (2016): Fermentation quality and additives: A case of rice straw silage. Biomed Res-Int, 13, 1-14.
- 26. Pahlow G, Muck RE, Driehuis F, et al (2003): Microbiology of Ensiling. 31-94. In: Buxton DR, Muck RE, Harrison JH (Eds), Silage Science and Technology, American Society of Argonomy, Washington, D.C.
- 27. Park RS, Stronge MD (2013): Silage Production and Utilisation. 98-99. In Proceedings of 14th Proceedings of the International Silage Conference, Wageningen Academic, The Netherlands.
- 28. Rajabi R, Tahmasbi R, Dayani O, et al (2016): Chemical composition of alfalfa silage with waste date and its feeding effect on ruminal fermentation characteristics and microbial protein synthesis in sheep. J Anim Physiol An N, 101, 466-474.
- 29. Redfearn D, Zhang H (2014): Forage Quality Interpretations. Oklahoma Cooperative Extension Service, PSS-2117. Available at http://factsheets.okstate.edu/ (Accessed March 2, 2019).
- 30. Silva VP, Pereira OG, Leandro ES, et al (2016): Effects of lactic acid bacteria with bacteriocinogenic potential onthe fermentation profile and chemical composition of alfalfa silage in tropicalconditions. J Dairy Sci, 99, 1895–1902.
- 31. Suzuki M, Lund CW (1980): Improved gas-liquid chromatography for simultaneous determination of volatile fatty acids and lactic acid in silage. J Agric Food Chem, 28, 1040–1041.
- 32. Turan A, Önenç SS (2018): Effect of cumin essential oil usage on fermentation quality, aerobic stability and in vitro digetibility of alfalfa silage. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 31, 1252-1258.
- 33. Uher D, Konjačić M, Jares D, et al (2019): The effect of bacterial inoculant on chemical composition and fermentation of alfalfa silage. J Cent Agr, 20, 657-64.
- 34. Van Soest PJ (1994): Nutritional Ecology of the Ruminant. Cornell University Press, Ithaca, NY.
- 35. Wang J, Wang JQ, Zhou H, et al (2015): Effects of addition of previously fermented juice prepared from alfalfa on fermentation quality and protein degradation of alfalfa silage. Anim Feed Sci Technol, 151, 280-290.
- 36. Wang S, Yuan X, Dong Z, et al (2017): Characteristics of isolated lactic acid bacteria and their effects on the silage quality. Bioresour Technol, 30, 819–827. 37. Wilkonson JM (1999): Silage and animal health. Natural Toxins, 7, 212–230.
- 38. Yan Y, Li X, Guan H, et al (2019): Microbial community and fermentation characteristic of Italian ryegrass silage prepared with corn stover and lactic acid bacteria. Bioresour Technol, 279, 166–173.
- 39. Yang L, Yuan X, Li J, et al (2018): Dynamics of microbial community and fermentation quality during ensiling of sterile and nonsterile alfalfa with or without Lactobacillus plantarum inoculant. Bioresour Technol, 275, 280-287.
- 40. Yuan X, Wen A, Desta ST, et al (2017): Effects of four short-chain fatty acids or salts on the dynamics of nitrogen transformations and intrinsic protease activity of alfalfa silage. J Sci Food Agric, 97, 2759–2766.
- 41. Zhang Q, Zhao M, Wang X, et al (2017): Ensiling alfalfa with whole crop corn improves the silage quality and in vitro digestibility of the silage mixtures. Jpn Soc Grassland Sci, 63, 211-217.
- 42. Zhao J, Dong Z, Li, J, et al (2019): Effects of lactic acid bacteria and molasses on fermentation dynamics, structural and nonstructural carbohydrate composition and in vitro ruminal fermentation of rice straw silage. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci, 32, 783-791.
- 43. Zielińska K, Fabiszewska A, Stefańska I (2015): Diffirent aspects of Lactobacillus inoculants on the improvement of quality and safety of alfalfa silage. Chil J Agr Res, 75, 298-306.
Toplam 42 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Veteriner Cerrahi |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 3 Haziran 2020 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020 |