Araştırma Makalesi
Yıl 2020,
, 175 - 184, 03.03.2020
Öz
Kaynakça
- 1. AOAC (2000): Method 973.18. Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, International, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
- 2. Azevedo A, Machado FS, Campos MM, et al (2016): The effects of increasing amounts of milk replacer powder added to whole milk on feed intake and performance in dairy heifers. J Dairy Sci, 99, 8018-8027.
- 3. Bar-Peled U, Robinzon B, Maltz E, et al (1997): Increased weight gain and effects on production parameters of Holstein heifer calves that were allowed to suckle from birth to six weeks of age. J Dairy Sci, 80, 2523–2528.
- 4. Beede DK (2005): The most essential nutrient: Water. In: Proc. 7th Western Dairy Management Conf. Reno, NV, March 9-11, pp. 13-31.
- 5. Beiranvand H, Khani M, Omidian S, et al (2016): Does adding water to dry calf starter improve performance during summer? J Dairy Sci, 99, 1903-1911.
- 6. Chapman CE, Stone Wilkinson P, Murphy MR, et al (2017): Evaluating nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining body composition in Holstein dairy calves using deuterium oxide dilution methods. J Dairy Sci, 100, 2807–2811.
- 7. Church DC (1991): Livestock Feeds and Feeding. 3rd ed. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
- 8. De Passillé AM, Borderas TF, Rushen J (2011): Weaning age of calves fed a high milk allowance by automated feeders: Effects on feed, water, and energy intake, behavioral signs of hunger, and weight gains. J Dairy Sci, 94, 1401-1408.
- 9. Egli CP, Blum JW (1998): Clinical, hematological, metabolic and endocrine traits during the first three months of life of suckling simmentaler calves held in a cow-calf operation. J Vet Med A, 45, 99- 118.
- 10. Fraley SE, Hall MB, Nennich TD (2015): Effect of variable water intake as mediated by dietary potassium carbonate supplementation on rumen dynamics in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 98, 3247–3256.
- 11. Gonzalez F (2009): Association among fluid, grain intake and weight gain in Holstein bull calve. M.sc. Thesis of Texas A & M University.
- 12. Gottardo F, Mattiello S, Cozzi G, et al (2002): The provision of drinking water to veal calves for welfare purposes. J Anim Sci, 80, 2362–2372.
- 13. Govil K, Yadav DS, Patil AK, et al (2017): Feeding management for early rumen development in calves. J Entomol. Zool Stud, 5, 1132–1139.
- 14. Heinrichs AJ, Jones CM, VanRoekel LR, et al (2003): A system of dairy calf workforce management, training, and evaluation and health evaluation. J Dairy Sci, 86, 115-120.
- 15. Hepola HP, Hänninen LT, Raussi SM, et al (2008): Effects of providing water from a bucket or a nipple on the performance and behavior of calves fed ad libitum volumes of acidified milk replacer. J Dairy Sci, 91, 1486–1496.
- 16. Iranian Council of Animal Care (1995): Guide to the care and use of experimental animals, vol. 1. Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
- 17. Jasper J, Weary DM (2002): Effects of ad libitum milk intake on dairy calves. J Dairy Sci, 85, 3054–3058.
- 18. Kaneko JJ (1997): Serum proteins and the disproteinemias. In: Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals, Kaneko JJ, Harvey J.W and Bruss ML, (Ed.), pp. 117-138, Academic Press, San Diego, California,.
- 19. Kertz AF, Reutzel LF, Mahoney JH (1984): Ad libitum water intake by neonatal calves and its relationship to calf starter intake, weight gain, feces score and season. J Dairy Sci, 67, 2964–2969.
- 20. Khan MA, Bach A, Castells L, et al (2014): Effects of particle size and moisture levels in mixed rations on the feeding behaviour of dairy heifers. Animal, 8, 1722–1727.
- 21. Kiezebrink DJ, Edwards AM, Wright TC, et al (2015): Effect of enhanced whole-milk feeding in calves on subsequent first-lactation performance. J Dairy Sci, 98, 349-356.
- 22. Knowles TG, Edwards JE, Bazeley KJ, et al (2000): Changes in the blood biochemical and haematological profile of neonatal calves with age. Vet Rec, 147, 593-598.
- 23. Lane MA, Baldwin VIRL, Jesse BW (2000): Sheep rumen metabolic development in response to different dietary treatments. J Anim Sci, 78, 1990–1996.
- 24. Lesmeister KE, Heinrichs AJ (2004): Effects of corn processing on growth characteristics, rumen development and rumen parameters in neonatal dairy calves. J Dairy Sci, 87, 3439–3450.
- 25. Mori A, Urabe S, Asada M, et al (2007): Comparison of plasma metabolite concentrations and enzyme activities in beef cattle raised by different feeding systems in Korea, Japan and New Zealand. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med, 54, 342–345.
- 26. Murphy MR (1992): Water metabolism of dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci, 75, 326–333.
- 27. NRC (2001): Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th. rev. ed. National Acad. Sci. Washington, DC.
- 28. Pempek JA, Eastridge ML, Swartzwelder SS, et al (2016): Housing system may affect behavior and growth performance of Jersey heifer calves. J Dairy Sci, 99, 569–578.
- 29. Quigley J (2000): Predicting Water Intake in Young Calves. Available at: http://www.calfnotes.com. (Accessed Nov 11, 2000).
- 30. Reece WO (1984): Acid-base balance and selected hematologic, electrolytic, and blood chemical variables in calves nursing cows: one week through fifteen weeks. Am J Vet Res 45, 666-669.
- 31. Roy RN, Chance GW, Radde IC, et al (1976): Late hyponatraemia in very low birth weight infants less than 1.3 kg. Pediatr Res, 10, 526-531.
- 32. SAS Institute, ‘SAS/STATuser’s guide: Statistics. Version 9.1, (SAS Institute Inc. Cary, NC), 2001.
- 33. TierSchNutzt.V (Tierschutz-Nutztierhaltungsverordnung) (2006): Regulation on the protection of livestock and other animals kept for the production of animal products in their attitude. 11. Monitoring, Caring and Feeding of Calves. Bundesjustizministerium (Federal Ministry of Justice), Berlin, Germany.
- 34. Wenge J, Steinhöfel I, Heinrich C, et al (2014): Water and concentrate intake, weight gain and duration of diarrhea in young suckling calves on different diets. Livest Sci, 159, 133–140.
- 35. Wickramasinghe HKJP, Kramer AJ, Appuhamy JADRN (2019): Drinking water intake of newborn dairy calves and its effects on feed intake, growth performance, health status, and nutrient digestibility. J Dairy Sci, 102, 377-387.
- 36. Zanker I A, Hammon HM, Blum JW (2001): Activities of γ-Glutamyltransferase, Alkaline Phosphatase and Aspartate-Aminotransferase in Colostrum, Milk and Blood Plasma of Calves Fed First Colostrum at 0–2, 6–7, 12–13 and 24–25 h after Birth. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med, 48, 179-185.
Influence of different water access status of suckling calves on performance, water intake behavior and some blood metabolites
Öz
This study was conducted to determine the effects of water accessibility of pre-weaning calves during milk feeding meal on performance, water intake behavior and some blood metabolites. Forty-eight Holstein calves (39.2 ± 5.8 kg of BW) were assigned to 4 treatments, which consisted of different water accessibility: 1) Ad libitum water (AW), 2) Water not available (WNA), 3) Water available after milk feeding (WAM) and 4) Water available before milk feeding (WBM). Resulted showed different water accessibility changed water consumption of calves. The water intake of AW (1.03 kg/d) and WBM (1.07 kg/d) treatments were higher than others. Starter intake of WBM decreased (P<0.05) as compared with others. Calves of WBM had higher (P<0.05) activity of serum AST. Blood Cl and K did not show the difference (P<0.05) among treatments. Serum TAC levels were higher (P<0.05) in WNA and WAM calves. Serum protein and HDL in WNA calves were higher (P<0.05) than others. These groups had higher (P<0.05) serum Na concentration than others. The different water accessibility of calves had no significant effects on health score, respiratory, fecal score and growth parameters. Treatments did not affect behaviors parameters. But the number of visiting water bucket of AW and WBM were higher than other groups. Acetic acid and propionic acid of AW calves significantly increased (P<0.05) as versus other treatments. Drinking water around milk feeding meal change water consumption, performance and improve some blood metabolites and rumen parameters of calves but did not influence growth parameters.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Blood metabolites Calves Growth factor performance water intake
Kaynakça
- 1. AOAC (2000): Method 973.18. Official Methods of Analysis. Association of Official Analytical Chemists, International, Gaithersburg, MD, USA.
- 2. Azevedo A, Machado FS, Campos MM, et al (2016): The effects of increasing amounts of milk replacer powder added to whole milk on feed intake and performance in dairy heifers. J Dairy Sci, 99, 8018-8027.
- 3. Bar-Peled U, Robinzon B, Maltz E, et al (1997): Increased weight gain and effects on production parameters of Holstein heifer calves that were allowed to suckle from birth to six weeks of age. J Dairy Sci, 80, 2523–2528.
- 4. Beede DK (2005): The most essential nutrient: Water. In: Proc. 7th Western Dairy Management Conf. Reno, NV, March 9-11, pp. 13-31.
- 5. Beiranvand H, Khani M, Omidian S, et al (2016): Does adding water to dry calf starter improve performance during summer? J Dairy Sci, 99, 1903-1911.
- 6. Chapman CE, Stone Wilkinson P, Murphy MR, et al (2017): Evaluating nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy for determining body composition in Holstein dairy calves using deuterium oxide dilution methods. J Dairy Sci, 100, 2807–2811.
- 7. Church DC (1991): Livestock Feeds and Feeding. 3rd ed. Prentice Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ.
- 8. De Passillé AM, Borderas TF, Rushen J (2011): Weaning age of calves fed a high milk allowance by automated feeders: Effects on feed, water, and energy intake, behavioral signs of hunger, and weight gains. J Dairy Sci, 94, 1401-1408.
- 9. Egli CP, Blum JW (1998): Clinical, hematological, metabolic and endocrine traits during the first three months of life of suckling simmentaler calves held in a cow-calf operation. J Vet Med A, 45, 99- 118.
- 10. Fraley SE, Hall MB, Nennich TD (2015): Effect of variable water intake as mediated by dietary potassium carbonate supplementation on rumen dynamics in lactating dairy cows. J Dairy Sci, 98, 3247–3256.
- 11. Gonzalez F (2009): Association among fluid, grain intake and weight gain in Holstein bull calve. M.sc. Thesis of Texas A & M University.
- 12. Gottardo F, Mattiello S, Cozzi G, et al (2002): The provision of drinking water to veal calves for welfare purposes. J Anim Sci, 80, 2362–2372.
- 13. Govil K, Yadav DS, Patil AK, et al (2017): Feeding management for early rumen development in calves. J Entomol. Zool Stud, 5, 1132–1139.
- 14. Heinrichs AJ, Jones CM, VanRoekel LR, et al (2003): A system of dairy calf workforce management, training, and evaluation and health evaluation. J Dairy Sci, 86, 115-120.
- 15. Hepola HP, Hänninen LT, Raussi SM, et al (2008): Effects of providing water from a bucket or a nipple on the performance and behavior of calves fed ad libitum volumes of acidified milk replacer. J Dairy Sci, 91, 1486–1496.
- 16. Iranian Council of Animal Care (1995): Guide to the care and use of experimental animals, vol. 1. Isfahan University of Technology, Isfahan, Iran.
- 17. Jasper J, Weary DM (2002): Effects of ad libitum milk intake on dairy calves. J Dairy Sci, 85, 3054–3058.
- 18. Kaneko JJ (1997): Serum proteins and the disproteinemias. In: Clinical biochemistry of domestic animals, Kaneko JJ, Harvey J.W and Bruss ML, (Ed.), pp. 117-138, Academic Press, San Diego, California,.
- 19. Kertz AF, Reutzel LF, Mahoney JH (1984): Ad libitum water intake by neonatal calves and its relationship to calf starter intake, weight gain, feces score and season. J Dairy Sci, 67, 2964–2969.
- 20. Khan MA, Bach A, Castells L, et al (2014): Effects of particle size and moisture levels in mixed rations on the feeding behaviour of dairy heifers. Animal, 8, 1722–1727.
- 21. Kiezebrink DJ, Edwards AM, Wright TC, et al (2015): Effect of enhanced whole-milk feeding in calves on subsequent first-lactation performance. J Dairy Sci, 98, 349-356.
- 22. Knowles TG, Edwards JE, Bazeley KJ, et al (2000): Changes in the blood biochemical and haematological profile of neonatal calves with age. Vet Rec, 147, 593-598.
- 23. Lane MA, Baldwin VIRL, Jesse BW (2000): Sheep rumen metabolic development in response to different dietary treatments. J Anim Sci, 78, 1990–1996.
- 24. Lesmeister KE, Heinrichs AJ (2004): Effects of corn processing on growth characteristics, rumen development and rumen parameters in neonatal dairy calves. J Dairy Sci, 87, 3439–3450.
- 25. Mori A, Urabe S, Asada M, et al (2007): Comparison of plasma metabolite concentrations and enzyme activities in beef cattle raised by different feeding systems in Korea, Japan and New Zealand. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med, 54, 342–345.
- 26. Murphy MR (1992): Water metabolism of dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci, 75, 326–333.
- 27. NRC (2001): Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th. rev. ed. National Acad. Sci. Washington, DC.
- 28. Pempek JA, Eastridge ML, Swartzwelder SS, et al (2016): Housing system may affect behavior and growth performance of Jersey heifer calves. J Dairy Sci, 99, 569–578.
- 29. Quigley J (2000): Predicting Water Intake in Young Calves. Available at: http://www.calfnotes.com. (Accessed Nov 11, 2000).
- 30. Reece WO (1984): Acid-base balance and selected hematologic, electrolytic, and blood chemical variables in calves nursing cows: one week through fifteen weeks. Am J Vet Res 45, 666-669.
- 31. Roy RN, Chance GW, Radde IC, et al (1976): Late hyponatraemia in very low birth weight infants less than 1.3 kg. Pediatr Res, 10, 526-531.
- 32. SAS Institute, ‘SAS/STATuser’s guide: Statistics. Version 9.1, (SAS Institute Inc. Cary, NC), 2001.
- 33. TierSchNutzt.V (Tierschutz-Nutztierhaltungsverordnung) (2006): Regulation on the protection of livestock and other animals kept for the production of animal products in their attitude. 11. Monitoring, Caring and Feeding of Calves. Bundesjustizministerium (Federal Ministry of Justice), Berlin, Germany.
- 34. Wenge J, Steinhöfel I, Heinrich C, et al (2014): Water and concentrate intake, weight gain and duration of diarrhea in young suckling calves on different diets. Livest Sci, 159, 133–140.
- 35. Wickramasinghe HKJP, Kramer AJ, Appuhamy JADRN (2019): Drinking water intake of newborn dairy calves and its effects on feed intake, growth performance, health status, and nutrient digestibility. J Dairy Sci, 102, 377-387.
- 36. Zanker I A, Hammon HM, Blum JW (2001): Activities of γ-Glutamyltransferase, Alkaline Phosphatase and Aspartate-Aminotransferase in Colostrum, Milk and Blood Plasma of Calves Fed First Colostrum at 0–2, 6–7, 12–13 and 24–25 h after Birth. J Vet Med A Physiol Pathol Clin Med, 48, 179-185.
Toplam 36 adet kaynakça vardır.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Veteriner Cerrahi |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 3 Mart 2020 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2020 |