Öz
This study was conducted to determine the pregnancy rate in response to two sexual synchronization protocols in 70 healthy multiparous Fleckvieh dairy cows during the cold and warm seasons. After pairing by the actual parturition date [cold seasons (-38 to 0 ºC) (Nov - Feb) vs. warm seasons (0 to 32 ºC) (Mar-Oct)], cows were randomly subjected to either Co-Synch (CoS) or double PGF2α injection (dPG) on d 35 postpartum. Data were subjected to Chi-Square (2) analysis to determine the pregnancy rate at the first service. Overall pregnancy rates (%) at the first service were 57.1 and 40.0 for Groups CoS and dPG, respectively (2 = 2.03, P = 0.15) and 35.0 and 66.7% during cold and warm seasons, respectively (2 = 6.78, P = 0.009). The protocol effect on the pregnancy rate at the first service was insignificant during cold (2 = 1.17, P = 0.28) and warm (2 = 1.62, P = 0.20) season. In summary, the cold conditions negatively affected the pregnancy rate at the first service. The synchronization protocol methods did not differ to improve the pregnancy rate at the first service when cows were exposed to cold conditions.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Cold conditions pregnancy rate first service synchronization protocol dairy cow
Teşekkür
All authors declare special thanks to Nail Cinisli Dairy Farm crew for their support.
Kaynakça
- Akbarabadi MA, Shabankareh HK, Abdolmohammadi A, et al (2014): Effect of PGF 2α and GnRH on the reproductive performance of postpartum dairy cows subjected to synchronization of ovulation and timed artificial insemination during the warm or cold periods of the year. Theriogenology, 82, 509-516.
- Alnimer M, De Rosa G, Grasso F, et al (2002): Effect of climate on the response to three oestrous synchronisation techniques in lactating dairy cows. Anim Reprod Sci, 71, 157-168.
- Amiridis G, Belibasaki S, Leontides L, et al (2000): Reproductive efficiency of three estrus synchronization schemes comprising fixed-time insemination in dairy cows. J Vet Med B, 47, 271-276.
- Brouček J, Letkovičová M, Kovalčuj K (1991): Estimation of cold stress effect on dairy cows. Int J Biometeorol, 35, 29-32.
- Bryant JR, Lopez-Villalobos N, Pryce JE, et al (2007): Quantifying the effect of thermal environment on production traits in three breeds of dairy cattle in New Zealand. New Zeal J Agr Res, 50, 327-338.
- Butler WR (2000): Nutritional interactions with reproductive performance in dairy cattle. Anim Reprod Sci, 60, 449-457.
- Cerri RLA, Chebel RC, Rivera F, et al (2011): Concentration of progesterone during the development of the ovulatory follicle: I. Ovarian and embryonic responses. J Dairy Sci, 94, 3342-3351.
- Chebel RC, Braga FA, Dalton JC (2007): Factors affecting reproductive performance of Holstein heifers. Anim Reprod Sci, 101, 208-224.
- Coubrough RI (1985): Stress and fertility. A review. Onderstepoort J Vet Res, 52, 153-156.
- De Rensis F, Garcia-Ispierto I, López-Gatius F (2015): Seasonal heat stress: Clinical implications and hormone treatments for the fertility of dairy cows. Theriogenology, 84, 659-666.
- Dobson H, Smith RF (2000): What is stress, and how does it affect reproduction? Anim Reprod Sci, 60, 743-752.
- Graunke KL, Schuster T, Lidfors LM (2011): Influence of weather on the behaviour of outdoor-wintered beef cattle in Scandinavia. Livest Sci, 136, 247-255.
- Gwazdauskas F, Lineweaver J, McGilliard M (1983): Environmental and management factors affecting estrous activity in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci, 66, 1510-1514.
- Gwazdauskas F (1985): Effects of climate on reproduction in cattle J Dairy Sci, 68, 1568-1578.
- Hansen P, Arechiga C (1999): Strategies for managing reproduction in the heat-stressed dairy cow. J Anim Sci, 77, 36-50.
- Janský L (1984): Thermoregulatory responses to cold stress of various intensity. Arch Exp Veterinarmed, 38, 353-358.
- Jemal H, Lemma A (2015): Review on major factors affecting the successful conception Rates on biotechnological application (AI) in cattle. Glob J Med Res, 15, 28-37.
- Kadzere C, Murphy M, Silanikove N, et al (2002): Heat stress in lactating dairy cows. Livest Prod Sci, 77, 59-91.
- Knı́žková I, Kunc P, Koubková M, et al (2002): Evaluation of naturally ventilated dairy barn management by a thermographic method. Livest Prod Sci, 77, 349-353.
- Lee C (1993): Environmental stress effects on bovine reproduction. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract, 9, 263-273.
- Macmillan KL (2010): Recent advances in the synchronization of estrus and ovulation in dairy cows. J Reprod Develop, 56, 42-47.
- Mercier E, Salisbury G (1947): Seasonal variations in hours of daylight associated with fertility level of cattle under natural breeding conditions. J Dairy Sci, 30, 747-756.
- Momcilovic D, Archbald L, Walters A, et al (1998): Reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows treated with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and/or prostaglandin F2a (PGF2a) for synchronization of estrus and ovulation. Theriogenology, 50, 1131-1139.
- National Research Council (2001): Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th ed., 2-27, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.
- Orihuela AN (2000): Some factors affecting the behavioural manifestation of oestrus in cattle: a review. Appl Anim Behav Sci, 70, 1-16.
- Pennington JA, Albright JL, Diekman MA et al (1985): Sexual activity of Holstein cows: Seasonal effects. J Dairy Sci, 68, 3023-3030.
- Peralta-Torres JA, Aké-López JR, Centurión-Castro FG, et al (2017): Effect of season and breed group on the follicular population and cyclicity of heifers under tropical conditions. Trop Anim Health Prod, 49, 207-211.
- Platz S, Ahrens F, Bendel J, et al (2008): What happens with cow behavior when replacing concrete slatted floor by rubber coating: A case study. J Dairy Sci, 91, 999-1004.
- Qi L, Bravo-Ureta B, Cabrera V (2015): From cold to hot: Climatic effects and productivity in Wisconsin dairy farms. J Dairy Sci, 98, 8664-8677.
- Regan W, Richardson G (1938): Reactions of the dairy cow to changes in environmental temperature. J Dairy Sci, 21, 73-79.
- Robinson V (2015): Effects of cold stress on the submission and conception rates of New Zealand dairy cows. MSc, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
- Rodtian P, King G, Subrod S, et al (1996): Oestrous behaviour of Holstein cows during cooler and hotter tropical seasons. Anim Reprod Sci, 45, 47-58.
- Roth Z (2015): Cellular and molecular mechanisms of heat stress related to bovine ovarian function. Anim Sci J, 93, 2034-2044.
- Thatcher WW (1974): Effects of season, climate, and temperature on reproduction and lactation. J Dairy Sci, 57, 360-368.
- Tucker CB, Rogers AR, Verkerk GA, et al (2007): Effects of shelter and body condition on the behaviour and physiology of dairy cattle in winter. Appl Anim Behav Sci, 105, 1-13.
- Vailes LD, Britt JH (1990): Influence of footing surface on mounting and other sexual behaviors of estrual Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci, 68, 2333-2339.
- Webster J, Stewart M, Rogers A, et al (2008): Assessment of welfare from physiological and behavioural responses of New Zealand dairy cows exposed to cold and wet conditions. Anim Welf, 17, 19-26.
- Young BA, Walker B, Dixon AE, et al (1989): Physiological adaptation to the environment. Anim Sci J, 67, 2426-2432.
- Young BA (1981): Cold stress as it affects animal production. Anim Sci J, 52, 154-163.
- Young BA (1983): Ruminant cold stress: Effect on production. Anim Sci J, 57, 1601-1607.
- Zöldag L (1983): Stress and reproductive disorders in cattle. 1. Effect of stress factors on the estrous cycle. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr, 90, 152-156.
- Zöldag L (1983): Stress and reproductive disorders in cattle. 2. Effect of stressors and pregnancy. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr, 90, 184-187.
Öz
İkinci laktasyondaki 70 adet sağlıklı Fleckvieh ırkı sütçü inek, soğuk şartlarda uygulanan iki seksüel senkronizasyon yöntemine karşılık gebelik yanıtının belirlenmesi için kullanıldı. Doğum sonrası 35. Günde, inekler gerçek doğum tarihine göre eşleştirdikten sonra [soğuk mevsim (-38 to 0 ºC) (Kasım - Şubat), sıcak mevsim (0 to 32 ºC) (Mart - Ekim)], Co-Synch (CoS) veya çift doz PGF2α enjeksiyon (dPG) protokol gruplarına dağıtıldı. İlk tohumlamada gebelik oranının belirlenmesi için 2 analizi uygulandı. İlk tohumlamada toplam gebelik oranı, sırasıyla Grup CoS ve dPG için % 57,1 ve 40,0 (2 = 2,03, P = 0,15) ve soğuk ve sıcak mevsimler için % 35,0 ve 66,7 (2 = 6,78, P = 0,009) olarak bulundu. Soğuk (2 = 1.17, P = 0,28) ve sıcak mevsimler (2 = 1,62, P = 0,20) için ilk tohumlamada gebelik oranı üzerine protokol etkisi belirgin değildi. Özetle, soğuk şartlar ilk tohumlamada gebelik oranını olumsuz etkiledi. İnekler soğuk şartlara maruz bırakıldığında senkronizasyon protokolü, ilk tohumlamada gebelik oranını arttırmadı.
Anahtar Kelimeler
Gebelik oranı inek ilk tohumlama senkronizasyon protokolü soğuk şartlar
Kaynakça
- Akbarabadi MA, Shabankareh HK, Abdolmohammadi A, et al (2014): Effect of PGF 2α and GnRH on the reproductive performance of postpartum dairy cows subjected to synchronization of ovulation and timed artificial insemination during the warm or cold periods of the year. Theriogenology, 82, 509-516.
- Alnimer M, De Rosa G, Grasso F, et al (2002): Effect of climate on the response to three oestrous synchronisation techniques in lactating dairy cows. Anim Reprod Sci, 71, 157-168.
- Amiridis G, Belibasaki S, Leontides L, et al (2000): Reproductive efficiency of three estrus synchronization schemes comprising fixed-time insemination in dairy cows. J Vet Med B, 47, 271-276.
- Brouček J, Letkovičová M, Kovalčuj K (1991): Estimation of cold stress effect on dairy cows. Int J Biometeorol, 35, 29-32.
- Bryant JR, Lopez-Villalobos N, Pryce JE, et al (2007): Quantifying the effect of thermal environment on production traits in three breeds of dairy cattle in New Zealand. New Zeal J Agr Res, 50, 327-338.
- Butler WR (2000): Nutritional interactions with reproductive performance in dairy cattle. Anim Reprod Sci, 60, 449-457.
- Cerri RLA, Chebel RC, Rivera F, et al (2011): Concentration of progesterone during the development of the ovulatory follicle: I. Ovarian and embryonic responses. J Dairy Sci, 94, 3342-3351.
- Chebel RC, Braga FA, Dalton JC (2007): Factors affecting reproductive performance of Holstein heifers. Anim Reprod Sci, 101, 208-224.
- Coubrough RI (1985): Stress and fertility. A review. Onderstepoort J Vet Res, 52, 153-156.
- De Rensis F, Garcia-Ispierto I, López-Gatius F (2015): Seasonal heat stress: Clinical implications and hormone treatments for the fertility of dairy cows. Theriogenology, 84, 659-666.
- Dobson H, Smith RF (2000): What is stress, and how does it affect reproduction? Anim Reprod Sci, 60, 743-752.
- Graunke KL, Schuster T, Lidfors LM (2011): Influence of weather on the behaviour of outdoor-wintered beef cattle in Scandinavia. Livest Sci, 136, 247-255.
- Gwazdauskas F, Lineweaver J, McGilliard M (1983): Environmental and management factors affecting estrous activity in dairy cattle. J Dairy Sci, 66, 1510-1514.
- Gwazdauskas F (1985): Effects of climate on reproduction in cattle J Dairy Sci, 68, 1568-1578.
- Hansen P, Arechiga C (1999): Strategies for managing reproduction in the heat-stressed dairy cow. J Anim Sci, 77, 36-50.
- Janský L (1984): Thermoregulatory responses to cold stress of various intensity. Arch Exp Veterinarmed, 38, 353-358.
- Jemal H, Lemma A (2015): Review on major factors affecting the successful conception Rates on biotechnological application (AI) in cattle. Glob J Med Res, 15, 28-37.
- Kadzere C, Murphy M, Silanikove N, et al (2002): Heat stress in lactating dairy cows. Livest Prod Sci, 77, 59-91.
- Knı́žková I, Kunc P, Koubková M, et al (2002): Evaluation of naturally ventilated dairy barn management by a thermographic method. Livest Prod Sci, 77, 349-353.
- Lee C (1993): Environmental stress effects on bovine reproduction. Vet Clin North Am Small Anim Pract, 9, 263-273.
- Macmillan KL (2010): Recent advances in the synchronization of estrus and ovulation in dairy cows. J Reprod Develop, 56, 42-47.
- Mercier E, Salisbury G (1947): Seasonal variations in hours of daylight associated with fertility level of cattle under natural breeding conditions. J Dairy Sci, 30, 747-756.
- Momcilovic D, Archbald L, Walters A, et al (1998): Reproductive performance of lactating dairy cows treated with gonadotrophin-releasing hormone (GnRH) and/or prostaglandin F2a (PGF2a) for synchronization of estrus and ovulation. Theriogenology, 50, 1131-1139.
- National Research Council (2001): Nutrient Requirements of Dairy Cattle. 7th ed., 2-27, National Academy Press, Washington, DC, USA.
- Orihuela AN (2000): Some factors affecting the behavioural manifestation of oestrus in cattle: a review. Appl Anim Behav Sci, 70, 1-16.
- Pennington JA, Albright JL, Diekman MA et al (1985): Sexual activity of Holstein cows: Seasonal effects. J Dairy Sci, 68, 3023-3030.
- Peralta-Torres JA, Aké-López JR, Centurión-Castro FG, et al (2017): Effect of season and breed group on the follicular population and cyclicity of heifers under tropical conditions. Trop Anim Health Prod, 49, 207-211.
- Platz S, Ahrens F, Bendel J, et al (2008): What happens with cow behavior when replacing concrete slatted floor by rubber coating: A case study. J Dairy Sci, 91, 999-1004.
- Qi L, Bravo-Ureta B, Cabrera V (2015): From cold to hot: Climatic effects and productivity in Wisconsin dairy farms. J Dairy Sci, 98, 8664-8677.
- Regan W, Richardson G (1938): Reactions of the dairy cow to changes in environmental temperature. J Dairy Sci, 21, 73-79.
- Robinson V (2015): Effects of cold stress on the submission and conception rates of New Zealand dairy cows. MSc, Massey University, Palmerston North, New Zealand.
- Rodtian P, King G, Subrod S, et al (1996): Oestrous behaviour of Holstein cows during cooler and hotter tropical seasons. Anim Reprod Sci, 45, 47-58.
- Roth Z (2015): Cellular and molecular mechanisms of heat stress related to bovine ovarian function. Anim Sci J, 93, 2034-2044.
- Thatcher WW (1974): Effects of season, climate, and temperature on reproduction and lactation. J Dairy Sci, 57, 360-368.
- Tucker CB, Rogers AR, Verkerk GA, et al (2007): Effects of shelter and body condition on the behaviour and physiology of dairy cattle in winter. Appl Anim Behav Sci, 105, 1-13.
- Vailes LD, Britt JH (1990): Influence of footing surface on mounting and other sexual behaviors of estrual Holstein cows. J Dairy Sci, 68, 2333-2339.
- Webster J, Stewart M, Rogers A, et al (2008): Assessment of welfare from physiological and behavioural responses of New Zealand dairy cows exposed to cold and wet conditions. Anim Welf, 17, 19-26.
- Young BA, Walker B, Dixon AE, et al (1989): Physiological adaptation to the environment. Anim Sci J, 67, 2426-2432.
- Young BA (1981): Cold stress as it affects animal production. Anim Sci J, 52, 154-163.
- Young BA (1983): Ruminant cold stress: Effect on production. Anim Sci J, 57, 1601-1607.
- Zöldag L (1983): Stress and reproductive disorders in cattle. 1. Effect of stress factors on the estrous cycle. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr, 90, 152-156.
- Zöldag L (1983): Stress and reproductive disorders in cattle. 2. Effect of stressors and pregnancy. Dtsch Tierarztl Wochenschr, 90, 184-187.
Ayrıntılar
| Birincil Dil | İngilizce |
|---|---|
| Konular | Veteriner Cerrahi |
| Bölüm | Araştırma Makalesi |
| Yazarlar | |
| Yayımlanma Tarihi | 1 Ocak 2022 |
| Yayımlandığı Sayı | Yıl 2022 |