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Meyve Sebze Tüketiminin Diyabette Önemi

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 55 - 61, 30.05.2020

Öz

Ekonomik büyüme, nüfus ve yaşam standartlarının değişmesi gıda üretimi, işleme ve dağıtım sistemlerinde büyük değişiklikler yapmış ve sağlıksız gıdaların erişilebilirliğini artırmıştır. Hazır yiyeceklerin artan mevcudiyeti, yüksek kalorili içeriğe sahip sağlıksız diyetlere katkıda bulunmuş; büyük porsiyon boyutları, büyük miktarda işlenmiş et, rafine edilmiş tahıl ürünleri, yüksek miktarda tatlandırıcı ilave edilmiş şekerli içecekler ve sağlıksız yağlar günden güne diyetlerimize dahil olmuştur. Bu nedenle bu derleme de; diyabete neden olan gıda kaynaklı faktörlerin belirlenmesi, meyve ve sebze tüketiminin diyabet hastalarında önemi araştırıldı. Meyve ve sebzelerin sahip olduğu birçok bileşeni ve bileşenlerin işlevsel yönlerinden dolayı şeker hastalığı gelişimi üzerinde belirli bir koruyucu etkileri vardır. Düşük glisemik yükleri ve kilo yönetimine yardımcı olma potansiyeli ile birlikte lif, potasyum, folat, antioksidan içerikleri (C, E vitamini, karotenoidler) diyabet riskini azaltıcı etkileri bulunmaktadır. Meyve ve sebzelerde bulunan mineraller ve fitokimyasallar gibi diğer bileşenlerde kronik hastalıkların önlenmesinde rol oynamaktadırlar. Toplam meyve ve sebze tüketimiyle diyabet riski arasında ilişki bulunmamakla birlikte, yeşil yapraklı sebzelerin daha fazla alınması diyabet riskini düşürdüğü ve yaban mersini, üzüm ve elma gibi spesifik meyvelerin tüketimi ile prospektif kohort çalışmaların bulguları temel alınarak bu meyveleri tüketen bireylerde diyabet riskinin daha düşük olduğu belirtilmiştir. Anavatanı Amerika kıtası olan saskatoon üzümü, aroniya, gilaburu, güz zeytini gibi üzümsü meyvelerin içerdikleri fitokimyasallar diyabet hastalığının ilerlemesini durdurduğu ifade edilmiştir. Yüksek lif içeriği olan çemen otu tohumunun, biyoaktif bileşence zengin kudret narı meyvesinin ve fenolik madde içeriği zengin nar meyvesinin tüketimi vücutta kan şekeri metabolizmasının düzenlenmesine ve kandaki serbest yağ asitlerinin azalmasına yardımcı olduğu ve antidiyabetik etkileri yapılan araştırmalarla kanıtlanmıştır.

Kaynakça

  • Baliunas DO, Taylor BJ, Irving H, Roerecke M, Patra J, Mohapatra S, Rehm J. (2009). Alcohol as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care, 32(11), 2123-2132.
  • Bhupathiraju SN, Tobias DK, Malik VS, Pan A, Hruby A, Manson JE, Hu FB. (2014). Glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from 3 large US cohorts and an updated meta-analysis–. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 100(1), 218-232.
  • Bray GA, Nielsen SJ, Popkin BM. (2004). Consumption of high-fructose corn syrup in beverages may play a role inthe epidemic of obesity. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 79(4), 537-543.
  • Ceriello A, Motz E. (2004). Is oxidative stress the pathogenic mechanism underlying insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease? The common soil hypothesis revisited. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 24(5), 816-823.
  • Chacko SA, Song Y, Nathan L, Tinker L, De Boer IH, Tylavsky F, Liu S. (2010). Relations of dietary magnesium intake to biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in an ethnically diverse cohort of postmenopausal women. Diabetes Care, 33(2), 304-310.
  • Chacko SA, Sul J, Song Y, Li X, LeBlanc J, You Y, et al. (2011). Magnesium supplementation, metabolic and inflammatory markers, and global genomic and proteomic profiling: a randomized, double-blind, controlled, crossover trial in overweight individuals. Am J Clin Nutr, 93 (2), 463-473.
  • Ding M, Bhupathiraju SN, Chen M, van Dam RM, Hu FB. (2014). Caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and a doseresponse meta-analysis. Diabetes Care, 37(2), 569-586.
  • Dong JY, Xun P, He K, Qin LQ. (2011). Magnesium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Diabetes Care, 34(9), 2116-2122.
  • Eğritağ HE, Koramaz G. (2019). Diabetes Mellitus ve Tiyoredoksin Etkileşimli Protein. Avrasya Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(1), 27- 34.
  • Elliott SS, Keim NL, Stern JS, Teff K, Havel PJ. (2002). Fructose, weight gain, and the insulin resistance syndrome. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 76(5), 911-922.
  • Hauner H, Bechthold A, Boeing H, Brönstrup A, Buyken A, Leschik-Bonnet E, Wolfram G. (2012). Evidence-based guideline of the german nutrition society: carbohydrate intake and prevention of nutrition-related diseases. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 60(Suppl. 1), 1-58.
  • Hu EA, Pan A, Malik V, Sun Q. (2012). White rice consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis and systematic review. Bmj, 344, e1454.
  • Joosten MM, Beulens JWJ, Kersten S, Hendriks HFJ. (2008). Moderate alcohol consumption increases insulin sensitivity and ADIPOQ expression in postmenopausal women: a randomised, crossover trial. Diabetologia, 51(8), 1375-1381.
  • Liu S, Ajani U, Chae C, Hennekens C, Buring JE, Manson JE. (1999). Long-term β-carotene supplementation and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial. Jama, 282(11), 1073-1075.
  • Liu S, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Hu FB, Franz M, Sampson L, Manson JE. (2000). A prospective study of dietary glycemic load, carbohydrate intake, and risk of coronary heart disease in US women–. The American Journal Of Clinical Nutrition, 71(6), 1455-1461.
  • Ludwig DS, Pereira MA, Kroenke CH, Hilner JE, Van Horn L, Slattery ML, Jacobs Jr DR. (1999). Dietary fiber, weight gain, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in young adults. Jama, 282(16), 1539-1546.
  • Ma B, Lawson AB, Liese AD, Bell RA, Mayer-Davis EJ. (2006). Dairy, magnesium, and calcium intake in relation to insulin sensitivity: approaches to modeling a dose-dependent association. American Journal of Epidemiology, 164(5), 449-458.
  • Malik VS, Popkin BM, Bray GA, Després JP, Willett WC, Hu FB. (2010). Sugar-sweetened beverages and risk of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care, 33(11), 2477-2483.
  • Meyer KA, Kushi LH, Jacobs Jr DR, Slavin J, Sellers TA, Folsom AR. (2000). Carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and incident type 2 diabetes in older women–. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 71(4), 921-930.
  • Mezza T, Muscogiuri G, Sorice GP, Prioletta A, Salomone E, Pontecorvi A, Giaccari ANDREA. (2012). Vitamin D deficiency: a new risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 61(4), 337-348.
  • Mitri J, Muraru MD, Pittas AG. (2011). Vitamin D and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 65(9), 1005.
  • Montonen J, Knekt P, Härkänen T, Järvinen R, Heliövaara M, Aromaa A, Reunanen A. (2005). Dietary patterns and the incidence of type 2 diabetes. American Journal of Epidemiology, 161(3), 219-227.
  • Murff HJ, Villegas R. (2012). Dietary calcium and magnesium and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Bioactive food as dietary ınterventions for diabetes: Bioactive Foods in Chronic Disease States, 173.
  • Nettleton, JA, Harnack LJ, Scrafford CG, Mink PJ, Barraj LM,Jacobs DR. (2006). Dietary flavonoids and flavonoid-rich foods are not associated with risk of type 2 diabetes in postmenopausal women. The Journal of Nutrition, 136(12), 3039-3045.
  • Pan A, Malik VS, Schulze MB, Manson JE, Willett WC, Hu FB. (2012). Plain-water intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in young and middle-aged women–. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 95(6), 1454-1460.
  • Popkin B M, Adair LS, Ng SW. (2012). Global nutrition transition and the pandemic of obesity in developing countries. Nutrition Reviews, 70(1), 3-21.
  • Risérus U, Willett WC, Hu FB. (2009). Dietary fats and prevention of type 2 diabetes. Progress in Lipid Research, 48(1), 44-51.
  • Rizkalla SW. (2010). Health implications of fructose consumption: A review of recent data. Nutrition & Metabolism, 7(1), 82.
  • Saldamlı İ. (2007). Gıda Kimyası, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Yayınları, 4., 398s. Ankara.
  • Sargeant LA, Khaw KT, Bingham S, Day NE, Luben RN, Oakes S, Wareham NJ. (2001). Fruit and vegetable intake and population glycosylated haemoglobin levels: the EPICNorfolk Study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 55(5), 342.
  • Schulze MB, Schulz M, Heidemann C, Schienkiewitz A, Hoffmann K, Boeing H. (2007). Fiber and magnesium intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study and meta-analysis. Archives of Internal Medicine, 167(9), 956- 965.
  • Song Y, Ridker PM, Manson J E, Cook NR, Buring JE, Liu S. (2005). Magnesium intake, C-reactive protein, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older US women. Diabetes care, 28(6), 1438-1444.
  • Song Y, Li TY, Van Dam RM, Manson JE, Hu FB. (2007). Magnesium intake and plasma concentrations of markers of systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in women. The American Journal Of Clinical Nutrition, 85(4), 1068-1074.
  • Song Y, Wang L, Pittas AG, Del Gobbo LC, Zhang C, Manson JE, Hu FB. (2013). Blood 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels and incident type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Diabetes Care, 36(5), 1422-1428.
  • Stevens J, Ahn K, Houston D, Steffan L, Couper D. (2002). Dietary fiber intake and glycemic index and incidence of diabetes in African-American and white adults: the ARIC study. Diabetes Care, 25(10), 1715-1721. Tappy L, Lê KA, Tran C, Paquot N. (2010). Fructose and metabolic diseases: new findings, new questions. Nutrition, 26(11), 1044-1049.
  • Tarwadi K, Agte V. (2003). Potential of commonly consumed green leafy vegetables for their antioxidant capacity and its linkage with the micronutrient profile. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 54(6), 417-425.
  • Tinker LF, Bonds DE, Margolis KL, Manson JE, Howard BV, Larson J, Safford MM. (2008). Low-fat dietary pattern and risk of treated diabetes mellitus in postmenopausal women: The women's health ınitiative randomized controlled dietary modification trial. Archives of Internal Medicine, 168(14), 1500-1511.
  • Türkiye Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Derneği (TEMD) (2013). Diabetes Mellitus ve Komplikasyonlarının Tanı, Tedavi ve İzlem Klavuzu, 6. Baskı, Ankara.
  • Vos MB, Kimmons JE, Gillespie C, Welsh J, Blanck HM. (2008). Dietary fructose consumption among US children and adults: The third national health and nutrition examination survey. The Medscape Journal of Medicine, 10(7), 160.
  • Watson RR, Preedy VR. (2010). Bioactive foods in promoting health: fruits and vegetables. Academic; p. 459–78.
  • Massachusetts. Wolf A, Bray GA, Popkin BM. (2008). A short history of beverages and how our body treats them. Obesity Reviews, 9(2), 151- 164.
  • Wu JH, Micha R, Imamura F, Pan A, Biggs ML, Ajaz O, Mozaffarian D. (2012). Omega-3 fatty acids and incident type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Nutrition, 107(S2), S214-S227.
  • Zhao Z, Li S, Liu G, Yan F, Ma X, Huang Z, Tian H. (2012). Body iron stores and heme-iron intake in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS One, 7(7), e41641.

Importance of Fruit and Vegetable Consumption in Diabetes

Yıl 2020, Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2, 55 - 61, 30.05.2020

Öz

The changes in economic growth, population and living standards have made major changes in food production, processing and distribution systems and have increased the accessibility of unhealthy foods. Increased availability of prepared foods contributed to unhealthy diets with high calorie content; large portion sizes, large quantities of processed meat, refined cereal products, high added sweetened sugary drinks, and unhealthy oils have been included in our daily diets. For this reason, in this review; determining food-borne factor that causes diabetes, the importance of fruit and vegetable consumption was studied in patients with diabetes. Because of the functional aspects of many components and compounds that have fruits and vegetables has a certain protective effect of diabetes on the development. Fiber, potassium, folate, antioxidant ingredients (C, E vitamins, carotenoids), along with low glycemic load and potential for weight management, have the potential to reduce diabetes risk. In other components such as minerals and phytochemicals found in fruits and vegetables, they play a role in preventing chronic diseases. Although there is no association between total fruit and vegetable consumption and diabetes risk, it is suggested that the increased intake of green leafy vegetables reduces the risk of diabetes and the consumption of specific fruits such as blueberries, grapes and apples and the findings of prospective cohort studies suggest that the risk of diabetes is lower in individuals consuming these fruits. The phytochemicals contained in grapes such as saskatoon grape, aronia, gilaburu, autumn olive which belong to USA, as homeland, are stated to stop the progress of diabetes. Consumption of high fiber content of cumin seeds, bioactive compound rich of bitter melon and rich phenolic ingredient pomegranate juice has proven to be effective in regulating blood sugar metabolism and reducing free fatty acids in the body and has been proven by studies with antidiabetic effects.

Kaynakça

  • Baliunas DO, Taylor BJ, Irving H, Roerecke M, Patra J, Mohapatra S, Rehm J. (2009). Alcohol as a risk factor for type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Diabetes Care, 32(11), 2123-2132.
  • Bhupathiraju SN, Tobias DK, Malik VS, Pan A, Hruby A, Manson JE, Hu FB. (2014). Glycemic index, glycemic load, and risk of type 2 diabetes: results from 3 large US cohorts and an updated meta-analysis–. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 100(1), 218-232.
  • Bray GA, Nielsen SJ, Popkin BM. (2004). Consumption of high-fructose corn syrup in beverages may play a role inthe epidemic of obesity. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 79(4), 537-543.
  • Ceriello A, Motz E. (2004). Is oxidative stress the pathogenic mechanism underlying insulin resistance, diabetes, and cardiovascular disease? The common soil hypothesis revisited. Arteriosclerosis, Thrombosis, and Vascular Biology, 24(5), 816-823.
  • Chacko SA, Song Y, Nathan L, Tinker L, De Boer IH, Tylavsky F, Liu S. (2010). Relations of dietary magnesium intake to biomarkers of inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in an ethnically diverse cohort of postmenopausal women. Diabetes Care, 33(2), 304-310.
  • Chacko SA, Sul J, Song Y, Li X, LeBlanc J, You Y, et al. (2011). Magnesium supplementation, metabolic and inflammatory markers, and global genomic and proteomic profiling: a randomized, double-blind, controlled, crossover trial in overweight individuals. Am J Clin Nutr, 93 (2), 463-473.
  • Ding M, Bhupathiraju SN, Chen M, van Dam RM, Hu FB. (2014). Caffeinated and decaffeinated coffee consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and a doseresponse meta-analysis. Diabetes Care, 37(2), 569-586.
  • Dong JY, Xun P, He K, Qin LQ. (2011). Magnesium intake and risk of type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies. Diabetes Care, 34(9), 2116-2122.
  • Eğritağ HE, Koramaz G. (2019). Diabetes Mellitus ve Tiyoredoksin Etkileşimli Protein. Avrasya Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 2(1), 27- 34.
  • Elliott SS, Keim NL, Stern JS, Teff K, Havel PJ. (2002). Fructose, weight gain, and the insulin resistance syndrome. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 76(5), 911-922.
  • Hauner H, Bechthold A, Boeing H, Brönstrup A, Buyken A, Leschik-Bonnet E, Wolfram G. (2012). Evidence-based guideline of the german nutrition society: carbohydrate intake and prevention of nutrition-related diseases. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 60(Suppl. 1), 1-58.
  • Hu EA, Pan A, Malik V, Sun Q. (2012). White rice consumption and risk of type 2 diabetes: meta-analysis and systematic review. Bmj, 344, e1454.
  • Joosten MM, Beulens JWJ, Kersten S, Hendriks HFJ. (2008). Moderate alcohol consumption increases insulin sensitivity and ADIPOQ expression in postmenopausal women: a randomised, crossover trial. Diabetologia, 51(8), 1375-1381.
  • Liu S, Ajani U, Chae C, Hennekens C, Buring JE, Manson JE. (1999). Long-term β-carotene supplementation and risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus: a randomized controlled trial. Jama, 282(11), 1073-1075.
  • Liu S, Willett WC, Stampfer MJ, Hu FB, Franz M, Sampson L, Manson JE. (2000). A prospective study of dietary glycemic load, carbohydrate intake, and risk of coronary heart disease in US women–. The American Journal Of Clinical Nutrition, 71(6), 1455-1461.
  • Ludwig DS, Pereira MA, Kroenke CH, Hilner JE, Van Horn L, Slattery ML, Jacobs Jr DR. (1999). Dietary fiber, weight gain, and cardiovascular disease risk factors in young adults. Jama, 282(16), 1539-1546.
  • Ma B, Lawson AB, Liese AD, Bell RA, Mayer-Davis EJ. (2006). Dairy, magnesium, and calcium intake in relation to insulin sensitivity: approaches to modeling a dose-dependent association. American Journal of Epidemiology, 164(5), 449-458.
  • Malik VS, Popkin BM, Bray GA, Després JP, Willett WC, Hu FB. (2010). Sugar-sweetened beverages and risk of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis. Diabetes Care, 33(11), 2477-2483.
  • Meyer KA, Kushi LH, Jacobs Jr DR, Slavin J, Sellers TA, Folsom AR. (2000). Carbohydrates, dietary fiber, and incident type 2 diabetes in older women–. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 71(4), 921-930.
  • Mezza T, Muscogiuri G, Sorice GP, Prioletta A, Salomone E, Pontecorvi A, Giaccari ANDREA. (2012). Vitamin D deficiency: a new risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Annals of Nutrition and Metabolism, 61(4), 337-348.
  • Mitri J, Muraru MD, Pittas AG. (2011). Vitamin D and type 2 diabetes: a systematic review. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 65(9), 1005.
  • Montonen J, Knekt P, Härkänen T, Järvinen R, Heliövaara M, Aromaa A, Reunanen A. (2005). Dietary patterns and the incidence of type 2 diabetes. American Journal of Epidemiology, 161(3), 219-227.
  • Murff HJ, Villegas R. (2012). Dietary calcium and magnesium and the risk of type 2 diabetes. Bioactive food as dietary ınterventions for diabetes: Bioactive Foods in Chronic Disease States, 173.
  • Nettleton, JA, Harnack LJ, Scrafford CG, Mink PJ, Barraj LM,Jacobs DR. (2006). Dietary flavonoids and flavonoid-rich foods are not associated with risk of type 2 diabetes in postmenopausal women. The Journal of Nutrition, 136(12), 3039-3045.
  • Pan A, Malik VS, Schulze MB, Manson JE, Willett WC, Hu FB. (2012). Plain-water intake and risk of type 2 diabetes in young and middle-aged women–. The American Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 95(6), 1454-1460.
  • Popkin B M, Adair LS, Ng SW. (2012). Global nutrition transition and the pandemic of obesity in developing countries. Nutrition Reviews, 70(1), 3-21.
  • Risérus U, Willett WC, Hu FB. (2009). Dietary fats and prevention of type 2 diabetes. Progress in Lipid Research, 48(1), 44-51.
  • Rizkalla SW. (2010). Health implications of fructose consumption: A review of recent data. Nutrition & Metabolism, 7(1), 82.
  • Saldamlı İ. (2007). Gıda Kimyası, Hacettepe Üniversitesi Yayınları, 4., 398s. Ankara.
  • Sargeant LA, Khaw KT, Bingham S, Day NE, Luben RN, Oakes S, Wareham NJ. (2001). Fruit and vegetable intake and population glycosylated haemoglobin levels: the EPICNorfolk Study. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 55(5), 342.
  • Schulze MB, Schulz M, Heidemann C, Schienkiewitz A, Hoffmann K, Boeing H. (2007). Fiber and magnesium intake and incidence of type 2 diabetes: a prospective study and meta-analysis. Archives of Internal Medicine, 167(9), 956- 965.
  • Song Y, Ridker PM, Manson J E, Cook NR, Buring JE, Liu S. (2005). Magnesium intake, C-reactive protein, and the prevalence of metabolic syndrome in middle-aged and older US women. Diabetes care, 28(6), 1438-1444.
  • Song Y, Li TY, Van Dam RM, Manson JE, Hu FB. (2007). Magnesium intake and plasma concentrations of markers of systemic inflammation and endothelial dysfunction in women. The American Journal Of Clinical Nutrition, 85(4), 1068-1074.
  • Song Y, Wang L, Pittas AG, Del Gobbo LC, Zhang C, Manson JE, Hu FB. (2013). Blood 25-hydroxy vitamin D levels and incident type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis of prospective studies. Diabetes Care, 36(5), 1422-1428.
  • Stevens J, Ahn K, Houston D, Steffan L, Couper D. (2002). Dietary fiber intake and glycemic index and incidence of diabetes in African-American and white adults: the ARIC study. Diabetes Care, 25(10), 1715-1721. Tappy L, Lê KA, Tran C, Paquot N. (2010). Fructose and metabolic diseases: new findings, new questions. Nutrition, 26(11), 1044-1049.
  • Tarwadi K, Agte V. (2003). Potential of commonly consumed green leafy vegetables for their antioxidant capacity and its linkage with the micronutrient profile. International Journal of Food Sciences and Nutrition, 54(6), 417-425.
  • Tinker LF, Bonds DE, Margolis KL, Manson JE, Howard BV, Larson J, Safford MM. (2008). Low-fat dietary pattern and risk of treated diabetes mellitus in postmenopausal women: The women's health ınitiative randomized controlled dietary modification trial. Archives of Internal Medicine, 168(14), 1500-1511.
  • Türkiye Endokrinoloji ve Metabolizma Derneği (TEMD) (2013). Diabetes Mellitus ve Komplikasyonlarının Tanı, Tedavi ve İzlem Klavuzu, 6. Baskı, Ankara.
  • Vos MB, Kimmons JE, Gillespie C, Welsh J, Blanck HM. (2008). Dietary fructose consumption among US children and adults: The third national health and nutrition examination survey. The Medscape Journal of Medicine, 10(7), 160.
  • Watson RR, Preedy VR. (2010). Bioactive foods in promoting health: fruits and vegetables. Academic; p. 459–78.
  • Massachusetts. Wolf A, Bray GA, Popkin BM. (2008). A short history of beverages and how our body treats them. Obesity Reviews, 9(2), 151- 164.
  • Wu JH, Micha R, Imamura F, Pan A, Biggs ML, Ajaz O, Mozaffarian D. (2012). Omega-3 fatty acids and incident type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. British Journal of Nutrition, 107(S2), S214-S227.
  • Zhao Z, Li S, Liu G, Yan F, Ma X, Huang Z, Tian H. (2012). Body iron stores and heme-iron intake in relation to risk of type 2 diabetes: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PloS One, 7(7), e41641.
Toplam 43 adet kaynakça vardır.

Ayrıntılar

Birincil Dil Türkçe
Konular Sağlık Kurumları Yönetimi
Bölüm Araştırma Makaleleri
Yazarlar

Özcan Bulantekin 0000-0003-2612-9374

Özlem Bulantekin Düzalan 0000-0002-9521-2510

Alper Kuşçu 0000-0002-5302-620X

Yayımlanma Tarihi 30 Mayıs 2020
Gönderilme Tarihi 21 Mart 2020
Yayımlandığı Sayı Yıl 2020 Cilt: 3 Sayı: 2

Kaynak Göster

APA Bulantekin, Ö., Bulantekin Düzalan, Ö., & Kuşçu, A. (2020). Meyve Sebze Tüketiminin Diyabette Önemi. Avrasya Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, 3(2), 55-61.
AMA Bulantekin Ö, Bulantekin Düzalan Ö, Kuşçu A. Meyve Sebze Tüketiminin Diyabette Önemi. AvrasyaSBD. Mayıs 2020;3(2):55-61.
Chicago Bulantekin, Özcan, Özlem Bulantekin Düzalan, ve Alper Kuşçu. “Meyve Sebze Tüketiminin Diyabette Önemi”. Avrasya Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 3, sy. 2 (Mayıs 2020): 55-61.
EndNote Bulantekin Ö, Bulantekin Düzalan Ö, Kuşçu A (01 Mayıs 2020) Meyve Sebze Tüketiminin Diyabette Önemi. Avrasya Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 3 2 55–61.
IEEE Ö. Bulantekin, Ö. Bulantekin Düzalan, ve A. Kuşçu, “Meyve Sebze Tüketiminin Diyabette Önemi”, AvrasyaSBD, c. 3, sy. 2, ss. 55–61, 2020.
ISNAD Bulantekin, Özcan vd. “Meyve Sebze Tüketiminin Diyabette Önemi”. Avrasya Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi 3/2 (Mayıs 2020), 55-61.
JAMA Bulantekin Ö, Bulantekin Düzalan Ö, Kuşçu A. Meyve Sebze Tüketiminin Diyabette Önemi. AvrasyaSBD. 2020;3:55–61.
MLA Bulantekin, Özcan vd. “Meyve Sebze Tüketiminin Diyabette Önemi”. Avrasya Sağlık Bilimleri Dergisi, c. 3, sy. 2, 2020, ss. 55-61.
Vancouver Bulantekin Ö, Bulantekin Düzalan Ö, Kuşçu A. Meyve Sebze Tüketiminin Diyabette Önemi. AvrasyaSBD. 2020;3(2):55-61.